CN107733317A - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107733317A
CN107733317A CN201710463997.8A CN201710463997A CN107733317A CN 107733317 A CN107733317 A CN 107733317A CN 201710463997 A CN201710463997 A CN 201710463997A CN 107733317 A CN107733317 A CN 107733317A
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motor
speed
change
inverter
frequency
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CN107733317B (zh
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铃木広行
大作幸大
稻叶之人
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Subaru Corp
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Subaru Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/08—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆。本发明抑制变速时逆变器的载波音的变化。车辆具备：马达，其从逆变器被供给电力；变速机，其使马达的转速变速而传送至驱动轮；以及调制部，其控制逆变器中的脉冲宽度调制处理，并且在通过变速机进行阶段性的变速时，以使伴随变速而在马达或逆变器中产生的载波音的边带分量频率(图例196)的变化抵消的方式，使脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率(图例194)变化。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及具备马达和变速机的车辆。
背景技术
以往，在具备马达作为驱动源的车辆中，由逆变器将从电池供给的直流电变换为交流电而供给于马达。例如如专利文献1中所记载，逆变器以预定的载波频率进行脉冲宽度调制处理(PWM：Pulse Width Modulation)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2012-254762号公报
发明内容
技术问题
如上所述，逆变器进行脉冲宽度调制处理，由于其开关动作，会产生噪音(载波音)。载波音中容易被感知为不舒服音的边带分量(側次成分，sideband component)的频率(边带分量频率)依赖于马达转速。因此，在变速时，边带分量频率会伴随着马达转速的变化而变化，有可能会对乘车人带来不适感。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供能够抑制变速时逆变器的载波音的变化的车辆。
技术方案
为了解决上述问题，本发明的车辆具备：马达，其从逆变器被供给电力；变速机，其使马达的转速变速而传送至驱动轮；以及调制部，其控制逆变器中的脉冲宽度调制处理，并且在通过变速机进行阶段性的变速时，以使伴随变速而在马达或逆变器中产生的载波音的边带分量频率的变化抵消的方式，使脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率变化。
调制部也可以对载波频率进行平滑化处理。
发明效果
根据本发明，能够抑制变速时逆变器的载波音的变化。
附图说明
图1是表示车辆的驱动系统的构成的图。
图2是表示车辆的控制系统的构成的图。
图3是表示比较例中的载波音的边带分量频率的变化的图。
图4是表示本实施方式中的载波音的边带分量频率的变化的图。
图5是表示逆变器控制处理的流程的流程图。
符号说明
100车辆，110变速机，154逆变器，182调制部。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图详细地说明本发明的优选实施方式。该实施方式中所示的尺寸、材料、其他具体的数值等仅是用于使发明容易理解的例示，除了特别预先声明的情况以外，都并非要限定本发明。另外，在本说明书及附图中，对于具有实质上相同的功能、构成的要件，通过标注相同的符号而省略重复说明，此外省略与本发明无直接关系的要件的图示。
图1是表示车辆100的驱动系统的构成的图。如图1所示，车辆100具备发动机102和马达104作为驱动源。
发动机102以贯穿其内部的方式配置有机轴102a，且发动机102以燃烧室中的爆发压力使活塞往复运动而使机轴102a旋转。
马达104例如是具有U相、V相、W相的3相无刷DC马达，其旋转轴104a固定于转子104b。马达104连接于后述的电池，通过从该电池供给的电力而旋转驱动，此外通过使旋转轴104a进行旋转而生成电力，以所生成的电力对电池进行充电。
车辆100在发动机102的机轴102a与马达104的旋转轴104a之间，从发动机102侧起，设置有变矩器106、液压离合器108以及变速机110。
变矩器106的泵叶轮106b固定于前盖106a，该前盖106a连接于机轴102a的另一端，且在前盖106a内，变矩器106的连接于汽轮机轴106d的汽轮机转轮106c与泵叶轮106b相向配置。此外，变矩器106的定子106e配置在泵叶轮106b与汽轮机转轮106c的内周侧之间，且变矩器106在内部封入有工作流体。应予说明，定子106e固定于外壳112，该外壳112容纳变矩器106、液压离合器108、变速机110等。
泵叶轮106b以及汽轮机转轮106c设置有多个叶片，通过泵叶轮106b旋转而将工作流体送出至外周侧，通过将工作流体送至汽轮机转轮106c而使汽轮机转轮106c旋转。由此，从曲轴102a向汽轮机转轮106c传递动力。
定子106e使从汽轮机转轮106c送出的工作流体的流动方向变化而回流至泵叶轮106b，促进泵叶轮106b的旋转。因此，变矩器106能够将传递扭矩放大。
此外，变矩器106的固定于汽轮机轴106d的离合器片106f与前盖106a的内面相向配置。离合器片106f通过油压被按压到前盖106a，由此动力从曲轴102a传递到汽轮机轴106d。此外，通过控制油压，离合器片106f边在前盖106a滑动边抵接于前盖106a，由此能够调整从曲轴102a向汽轮机轴106d传递的动力。
由这样的结构形成的车辆100通过切换液压离合器108的连接状态，能够以发动机102以及马达104的一方或双方行驶。具体地，车辆100可以在以下行驶方式间切换：通过使液压离合器108成为切断状态而仅以马达104行驶的马达行驶；通过使液压离合器108成为连结状态且使马达104空转或作为发电机起作用而仅以发动机102行驶的发动机行驶；以及通过使液压离合器108成为连结状态且驱动发动机102以及马达104而以发动机102以及马达104双方行驶的混合动力行驶。
变速机110例如是有级变速机，其构成为包含设置于旋转轴104a的多个第1齿轮110a以及设置于输出轴114a的多个第2齿轮110b，所述输出轴114a与旋转轴104a平行地配置。在输出轴114a连结有驱动轮114，从发动机102和/或马达104传递至旋转轴104a的动力经由变速机110变速而传递至驱动轮114。
图2是表示车辆100的控制系统的构成的图。在图2中，虚线的箭头表示控制信号的方向，实线的箭头表示电力的方向。如图2所示，车辆100构成为包含控制装置150(EngineControl Unit，发动机控制单元)、电池152、逆变器154以及上述的马达104、液压离合器108。
控制装置150由包含中央处理装置(CPU)、存储有程序等的ROM、作为工作区域的RAM等的微计算机构成，对车辆100的各部分进行总体控制。具体地，控制装置150基于加速踏板的踩踏量、制动踏板的踩踏量、变速杆的换档位置、从车速传感器输入的车速等，在液压离合器108的切断状态、连结状态之间进行切换，适宜控制发动机102、马达104(逆变器154)以及变速机110。
此外，控制装置150在对变速机110进行控制时作为变速控制部180起作用，在对逆变器154进行控制时作为调制部182起作用。变速控制部180根据车速、发动机转速、马达转速、加速踏板的踩踏量、制动踏板的踩踏量以及对换档拨片的操作等，使变速机110变速并设为最适合于行驶状态的变速比，以对应于例如驾驶者的操作(要求)。
逆变器154对从电池152供给的直流电以预定的载波频率进行脉冲宽度调制处理(PWM：Pulse Width Modulation)而变换为交流电，并将交流电供给至马达104。调制部182控制由逆变器154进行的脉冲宽度调制处理。
通过脉冲宽度调制处理，会从逆变器154以及马达104产生因开关动作等引起的噪音(载波音)。由于载波音中容易被感知为不舒服音的边带分量的频率(边带分量频率)依赖于马达转速，所以边带分量频率会伴随着变速时的马达转速的变化而变化，有可能会对乘车人带来不适感。
图3是表示比较例中的载波音的边带分量频率的变化的图。在比较例中，逆变器154中的脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率如图例190所示设为一定。在此情况下，在使车辆的变速机从1速依次换高速档到4速时，载波音的边带分量频率如图3所示的图例192那样变化。
边带分量频率根据下述的数学式1导出。在此，马达次数表示是马达所发出的噪音所含的次数分量中几次的分量。在本实施方式中，例如选择成为最大噪音的次数。
边带分量频率(Hz)＝载波频率(Hz)+(马达转速(rpm)/60)×(马达次数)…(数学式1)
在图3中，例如在1速时，马达转速随着时间经过而上升，车速以及边带分量频率上升。但是，例如在1速→2速的变速时，由于马达转速暂时减小，所以边带分量频率暂时减小。此后，马达转速转而上升，并且边带分量频率也转而上升。
这样，边带分量频率在变速前后其变化的倾向为相反方向(在图3中变速前上升、变速时下降)。这样的边带分量频率的变速前后的变化有可能会对乘车人带来不适感。
因此，在本实施方式中，调制部182通过使载波频率变化而抑制这样的边带分量频率的变速时的变化。
图4是表示本实施方式中的载波音的边带分量频率的变化的图。在图4中，也表示图3的比较例中所示的图例192(边带分量频率)。
如图4所示，在本实施方式中，在通过有级的变速机110进行变速时，调制部182以使与变速相伴的载波音的边带分量频率的变化抵消的方式(在使与变速相伴的载波音的边带分量频率的变化抵消的方向)，使脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率(图例194所示)变化。
例如在1速→2速的变速时，图例192所示的比较例的边带分量频率从上升转而下降。调制部182以使这样的边带分量频率抵消的方式，在1速→2速的变速时，如图例194所示那样使载波频率上升。
如上述的数学式1所示，由于边带分量频率是将由马达转速形成的频率与载波频率相加而得到的，所以若使载波频率上升，则边带分量频率也上升。
在图4中，将图例192的边带分量频率与由阴影所示的载波频率的上升量相加而得到的频率，成为图例196所示的边带分量频率。本实施方式的边带分量频率(图例196)与比较例(图例192)相比，变速前后的变化被抑制。
这样，在本实施方式中，调制部182在如1速→2速那样换高速档时，以抵消与马达转速的下降相伴的边带分量频率的下降的方式，使载波频率上升。因此，边带分量频率平滑地上升，在变速前后，可以抑制因载波音对乘车人带来的不适感。
此外，调制部182使载波频率(图例194)的变化量在成为最大之后，逐渐恢复到变化前的值(载波频率的基准值)。结果，边带分量频率(图例196)渐近、最终收敛于比较例的边带分量频率(图例192)。
即，调制部182以比较例的边带分量频率(图例192)为目标值，使边带分量频率(图例196)收敛于目标值。该目标值(图例192)通过如下过程导出：在变速后，例如基于加速踏板的踩踏量以及车速，预先确定(推定)从暂时下降恢复后的马达转速，并将该马达转速代入到上述的数学式1。
此时，调制部182通过对载波频率例如进行一次延迟的控制等平滑化处理，而使边带分量频率(图例196)平滑地变化，谋求进一步降低由载波音引起的不适感。
此外，调制部182在使载波频率从基准值起变化的期间，在加速踏板的踩踏量成为0、经过了预先设定的设定时间以上的时间的情况下，使载波频率以预定的速率恢复到基准值。
图5是表示逆变器控制处理的流程的流程图。以下，使用流程图说明由上述的调制部182进行的逆变器控制处理的流程。
(S200)
调制部182判定是否有使变速机110变速的控制指示。在有变速的控制指示的情况下，处理前进到S202，在没有变速的控制指示的情况下，结束该逆变器控制处理。
(S202)
调制部182判定是否满足不存在逆变器154的异常发热以及马达104和/或其他装置的异常这样的预定条件。在满足预定条件的情况下，处理前进到S204，在不满足预定条件的情况下，结束该逆变器控制处理。
(S204)
调制部182通过对数学式1代入变速后的从暂时的变化(増加或下降)恢复后的马达转速，来导出边带分量频率的目标值。
(S206)
调制部182开始以边带分量频率渐近、收敛于目标值的方式使载波频率变化的控制。
(S208)
调制部182判定边带分量频率是否达到了目标值，并反复进行该达到判定处理，直到边带分量频率达到目标值为止。但是，在加速踏板的踩踏量为0、经过了预先设定的设定时间以上的情况下，处理前进到S210。此外，若边带分量频率达到目标值，则调制部182使处理前进到S210。
(S210)
调制部182将载波频率恢复到基准值，结束该逆变器控制处理。
根据上述的逆变器控制处理，可以抑制变速时的逆变器154的载波音的变化。
以上，参照附图说明了本发明的优选实施方式，但是本发明当然不限定于上述的实施方式，显然关于权利要求所记载的范围中的各种变更例或修改例，也属于本发明的技术范围。
例如，在上述的实施方式中，关于加速时的换高速档的情况进行了说明，但是在减速时的换低速档中，也进行同样的处理。即，在通过变速机110进行变速时，调制部182以使与变速相伴的载波音的边带分量频率的上升抵消的方式，使脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率下降。但是，减速时，不从逆变器154对马达104供给电力，而是从马达104对逆变器154供给再生能量的电力。
此外，在上述的实施方式中，关于边带分量频率是将载波频率与由马达转速形成的频率项相加而得到的值的情况进行了说明。但是，边带分量频率也可以是将载波频率减去由马达转速形成的频率项而得到值。即，以由下述的数学式2导出的边带分量频率为对象也可以。
边带分量频率(Hz)＝载波频率(Hz)－(马达转速(rpm)/60)×(马达次数)…(数学式2)
即，作为控制的对象的边带分量频率只要选择基于数学式1得到的值以及基于数学式2得到的值的一方、例如容易对乘车人带来不适感的一方即可。此外，关于基于数学式1得到的值以及基于数学式2得到的值的另一方，例如只要用覆盖部件等物理上进行防音即可。
此外，在上述的实施方式中，关于变速机110是有级变速机的情况进行了说明，但是变速机110也可以是无级变速机。在无级变速机的情况下，在基于使乘车人体会变速了的感觉等目的而进行阶段性的(阶梯状的)变速时，可以进行上述的边带分量频率的控制。
产业上的可利用性
本发明能够用于具备马达和变速机的车辆。

Claims (2)

1.一种车辆，其特征在于，具备：
马达，其从逆变器被供给电力；
变速机，其使所述马达的转速变速而传送至驱动轮；以及
调制部，其控制所述逆变器中的脉冲宽度调制处理，并且在通过所述变速机进行阶段性的变速时，以使伴随该变速而在所述马达或该逆变器中产生的载波音的边带分量频率的变化抵消的方式，使该脉冲宽度调制处理的载波频率变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述调制部对所述载波频率进行平滑化处理。
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