CN107722401A - 一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆 - Google Patents
一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107722401A CN107722401A CN201711077707.2A CN201711077707A CN107722401A CN 107722401 A CN107722401 A CN 107722401A CN 201711077707 A CN201711077707 A CN 201711077707A CN 107722401 A CN107722401 A CN 107722401A
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- parts
- optical cable
- modified
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- against rodents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆，内护套的材料包括以下组分：丁晴橡胶60‑70份，环氧树脂50‑60份，改性氟化聚氨酯20‑30份，助剂5‑10份，抗氧剂2‑5份，纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂1‑2份，外护套的材料包括以下组分：交联聚乙烯50‑70份，乙丙橡胶10‑20份，玻璃纤维5‑15份，聚醚砜5‑10份，改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂15‑25份，抗氧剂2‑5份，抗紫外线剂2‑5份，助剂5‑10份。本发明采用内护套结构具有良好的防水和防潮防霉特性，增加光纤的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，具体涉及一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆。
背景技术
传统防鼠咬鸟啄的光缆设计分为两类：化学法和物理法。化学法一般是在外护套材料中添加采用辣味素等驱避剂，以此方法使鼠类和鸟类不喜欢破坏光缆的外护套，从而保护光缆免受破坏；或者是将外护套设计成鸟类不喜欢的颜色等，但这些方法效果有限，还容易对生产和使用环境造成污染，且随着时间推移辣味素味道会减弱甚至消失，警示颜色会老化褪色，使防护效果越来越差。物理方法一般是在外护套内增加金属保护层如圆钢丝螺旋铠装层或者不锈钢带铠装等，以保护光缆外护套足够坚硬，不易被破坏，这种方法是目前较为可靠的防啮咬方法，但是采用钢丝铠装层或者不锈钢带铠装等金属保护层不仅使光缆的弯曲性能变差，而且大大增加了光缆的重量和外径，还增加了光缆的生产、施工敷设和使用难度。
新型防鼠咬鸟啄光缆在缆芯外纵包铝塑复合带挡潮层和聚乙烯内护套+铠装纵包或绕包不锈钢金属网带和聚乙烯外护套，这样的光缆不仅具有很好的柔韧性和弯曲性等，而且光缆重量轻外径小，并可以有效的防止鼠类啮咬和鸟类叨啄。
因此，新型防鼠防鸟啄光缆在材料选择方面需要满足柔韧性和弯曲性的要求，并且，因为水和潮气的入侵会使光纤的传输衰减增加，使用寿命缩短，在光缆结构设计和材料选择时，需要对光缆结构进行设计，使光缆获得完好、可靠的挡潮保护。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆，本发明中的光缆采用不锈钢金属网，不但能够满足防鼠咬和鸟啄的作用，而且具有良好的柔韧性和弯曲性，并且采用内护套结构具有良好的防水和防潮防霉特性，增加光纤的使用寿命。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其包括缆芯，包覆在所述缆芯外周的双面涂塑铝带，包覆在所述双面涂塑铝带外周的内护套，包覆在所述内护套外部的不锈钢金属网，包覆在所述不锈钢金属网外周的外护套，按照重量份数计，所述内护套的材料包括以下组分：
所述外护套的材料包括以下组分：
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，所述改性氟化聚氨酯包括：亲水性聚醚多元醇、脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，所述改性氟化聚氨酯的制备方法包括：将亲水性聚醚多元醇与脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中一种成分混合，将所得混合液在氮气保护下放入反应釜内，在60～85℃下加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中的余下一种成分及溶剂，100～110℃下搅拌1～2小时，加入扩链剂、催化剂和经通氟超声波分散的纳米石墨烯的乙醇溶液，90～120℃下继续反应1小时，得到改性氟化聚氨酯。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，所述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂为纳米氧化锌-纳米二氧化钛。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，所述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂的制备方法包括：
将醋酸锌溶于无水乙醇中，搅拌均匀，制得混合溶液，对混合溶液蒸干，然后干燥，再200℃高温焙烧，制得纳米氧化锌粉体；将制得的纳米氧化锌粉体、无水乙醇和冰醋酸混合，继续加入钛酸丁酯进行水解，蒸干后进行干燥处理，制得纳米氧化锌与纳米二氧化钛的复合材料。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，按照重量份数计，所述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂包括以下组分：
改性纳米氢氧化铝50-70份、硼砂40-60份、改性纳米膨润土10-15份、硅烷偶联剂2-3份、水玻璃3-5份。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，进一步包括，所述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂的制备方法包括：
将氢氧化铝、去离子水和硅烷偶联剂溶液，搅拌制成含硅烷偶联剂的氢氧化铝浆液；
将氢氧化铝浆液在球磨机中研磨120分钟；
将研磨后的氢氧化铝浆液脱水干燥，得到平均粒径为10-50nm的改性氢氧化铝粉体；
将改性纳米氢氧化铝、硼砂、改性纳米膨润土、硅烷偶联剂和水玻璃加入到反应釜中，120-150℃加热1-1.5h，然后降温到60-80℃，搅拌混合，120-150℃加热1-2h，冷却即可。
本发明的技术效果：
1、本发明的电缆采用内、外护套结构，使该光缆不仅在敷设和使用时具有很好的抗拉、抗压、抗冲击等机械性能；而且在长期使用中可以防止鼠类啮咬、鸟类叨啄等破坏活动。
2、本发明的内护套材料中添加改性氟化聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂，使得内护套具有良好的防水、抗菌、防霉的性能，水和潮气的不会入侵，避免光纤的传输衰减，使用寿命延长，缆芯外纵包铝塑复合带挡潮层和内护套的设计，使光缆获得完好、可靠的挡潮保护。
3、本发明的外护套材料中添加了改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂、抗氧剂、防紫外剂等，使得外护套具有很好的阻燃性以及耐候性等，本发明的改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂改善了传统无卤阻燃剂与热塑性树脂的相容性很差，在树脂中不容易分散、即使分散、亲和力较差的缺陷。如果采用偶联剂的方法，把塑胶粉、氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝粉、偶联剂以及其它添加剂直接混合，但存在分散不易均匀、阻燃效率低、需要较高填充量等弊病，本发明的改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂分散均匀，阻燃效率较高。
4、本发明的材料应用在光缆中具有如下优点：不锈钢材质的金属网强度和硬度高耐腐蚀，其中的金属丝压制成扁平状，鼠咬或者鸟啄时，扁平的钢丝会像小刀一样伤害动物的牙齿或者嘴巴，以此达到防鼠咬鸟啄的目的；金属网带不仅轻薄而且相对柔软弯曲性好，纵包或者螺旋绕包在光缆内外护套之间，不会影响光缆的弯曲性能；金属网带表面不光滑，生产挤制外护套时熔融的护套材料会嵌入金属网空隙，可以使外护套更好的包覆，粘结更紧密，不会出现粘结不牢易、开裂等不良现象；内外护套间结构紧密，纵向不渗水(普通钢带铠装搭接处容易渗水；钢丝铠装缝隙大更无法控制渗水)；网状带具有弹性，可以抗冲击；网状材料比传统的钢带或者钢丝铠装更节省金属材料，节约资源；使产品外径更小，重量更轻施工运输更方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图
图中标号说明：
1-缆芯，2-双面涂塑铝带，3-内护套，4-不锈钢金属网，5-外护套。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示，本发明的防鼠防鸟啄光缆的一实施例，其包括缆芯1，包覆在所述缆芯1外周的双面涂塑铝带2，包覆在所述双面涂塑铝带2外周的内护套3，包覆在所述内护套3外部的不锈钢金属网4，包覆在所述不锈钢金属网4外周的外护套5。
电缆采用内、外护套结构，使该光缆不仅在敷设和使用时具有很好的抗拉、抗压、抗冲击等机械性能；而且在长期使用中可以防止鼠类啮咬、鸟类叨啄等破坏活动。
实施例1
实施例1中电缆内护套和外护套的材料配方如表1中所示。
表1实施例1中的内护套和外护套材料配方表
实施例2
实施例2中内护套和外护套材料的配方表如表2中所示。
表2实施例2中的内护套和外护套材料配方表
实施例3
实施例3中内护套和外护套材料的配方表如表3中所示。
表3实施例3中的内护套和外护套材料配方表
上述实施例1-3中，上述改性氟化聚氨酯包括：亲水性聚醚多元醇、脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇。
上述改性氟化聚氨酯的制备方法包括：将亲水性聚醚多元醇与脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中一种成分混合，将所得混合液在氮气保护下放入反应釜内，在60～85℃下加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中的余下一种成分及溶剂，100～110℃下搅拌1～2小时，加入扩链剂、催化剂和经通氟超声波分散的纳米石墨烯的乙醇溶液，90～120℃下继续反应1小时，得到改性氟化聚氨酯。
上述实施例1-3中，上述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂为纳米氧化锌-纳米二氧化钛。
上述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂的制备方法包括：将醋酸锌溶于无水乙醇中，搅拌均匀，制得混合溶液，对混合溶液蒸干，然后干燥，再200℃高温焙烧，制得纳米氧化锌粉体；将制得的纳米氧化锌粉体、无水乙醇和冰醋酸混合，继续加入钛酸丁酯进行水解，蒸干后进行干燥处理，制得纳米氧化锌与纳米二氧化钛的复合材料。
上述实施例1-3中，上述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂包括以下组分：
改性纳米氢氧化铝50-70份、硼砂40-60份、改性纳米膨润土10-15份、硅烷偶联剂2-3份、水玻璃3-5份。
上述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂的制备方法包括：
将氢氧化铝、去离子水和硅烷偶联剂溶液，搅拌制成含硅烷偶联剂的氢氧化铝浆液；
将氢氧化铝浆液在球磨机中研磨120分钟；
将研磨后的氢氧化铝浆液脱水干燥，得到平均粒径为10-50nm的改性氢氧化铝粉体；
将改性纳米氢氧化铝、硼砂、改性纳米膨润土、硅烷偶联剂和水玻璃加入到反应釜中，120-150℃加热1-1.5h，然后降温到60-80℃，搅拌混合，120-150℃加热1-2h，冷却即可。
对比例1
使用实施例2中的配方，对比例1中不同的是将改性氟化聚酰胺树脂替换为聚酰胺树脂，得到的内护套材料进行性能测试，对比例1中900h吸水率为0.022，而实施例2中900h吸水率为0，因此，实施例2中添加了改性氟化聚酰胺树脂邮箱的增强了内护套的防水防潮性能。
内护套材料中添加改性氟化聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂，使得内护套具有良好的防水、抗菌、防霉的性能，水和潮气的不会入侵，避免光纤的传输衰减，使用寿命延长，缆芯外纵包铝塑复合带挡潮层和内护套的设计，使光缆获得完好、可靠的挡潮保护。
对比例2
使用实施例2中配方，对比例2中不同的是将改性纳米氢氧化铝换成普通氢氧化铝，得到外护套的材料进行性能测试，在400℃高温下燃烧，对比例2中外护套的材料出现着火现象比实施例2中出现的早，说明实施例2中的阻燃性能较好。
实施例1-3外护套材料中添加了改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂、抗氧剂、防紫外剂等，使得外护套具有很好的阻燃性以及耐候性等，改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂改善了传统无卤阻燃剂与热塑性树脂的相容性很差，在树脂中不容易分散、即使分散、亲和力较差的缺陷。如果采用偶联剂的方法，把塑胶粉、氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝粉、偶联剂以及其它添加剂直接混合，但存在分散不易均匀、阻燃效率低、需要较高填充量等弊病，上述实施例中的改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂分散均匀，阻燃效率较高。
将实施例1-3中内护套和外护套材料应用在光缆中，不锈钢材质的金属网强度和硬度高耐腐蚀，其中的金属丝压制成扁平状，鼠咬或者鸟啄时，扁平的钢丝会像小刀一样伤害动物的牙齿或者嘴巴，以此达到防鼠咬鸟啄的目的；金属网带不仅轻薄而且相对柔软弯曲性好，纵包或者螺旋绕包在光缆内外护套之间，不会影响光缆的弯曲性能；金属网带表面不光滑，生产挤制外护套时熔融的护套材料会嵌入金属网空隙，可以使外护套更好的包覆，粘结更紧密，不会出现粘结不牢易、开裂等不良现象；内外护套间结构紧密，纵向不渗水(普通钢带铠装搭接处容易渗水；钢丝铠装缝隙大更无法控制渗水)；网状带具有弹性，可以抗冲击；网状材料比传统的钢带或者钢丝铠装更节省金属材料，节约资源；使产品外径更小，重量更轻施工运输更方便。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其包括缆芯，包覆在所述缆芯外周的双面涂塑铝带，包覆在所述双面涂塑铝带外周的内护套，包覆在所述内护套外部的不锈钢金属网，包覆在所述不锈钢金属网外周的外护套，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，所述内护套的材料包括以下组分：
所述外护套的材料包括以下组分：
2.如权利要求1所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，所述改性氟化聚氨酯包括：亲水性聚醚多元醇、脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，所述改性氟化聚氨酯的制备方法包括：将亲水性聚醚多元醇与脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中一种成分混合，将所得混合液在氮气保护下放入反应釜内，在60～85℃下加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯、含氟一元醇两种中的余下一种成分及溶剂，100～110℃下搅拌1～2小时，加入扩链剂、催化剂和经通氟超声波分散的纳米石墨烯的乙醇溶液，90～120℃下继续反应1小时，得到改性氟化聚氨酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，所述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂为纳米氧化锌-纳米二氧化钛。
5.如权利要求4所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，所述纳米二氧化钛基抗菌剂的制备方法包括：
将醋酸锌溶于无水乙醇中，搅拌均匀，制得混合溶液，对混合溶液蒸干，然后干燥，再200℃高温焙烧，制得纳米氧化锌粉体；将制得的纳米氧化锌粉体、无水乙醇和冰醋酸混合，继续加入钛酸丁酯进行水解，蒸干后进行干燥处理，制得纳米氧化锌与纳米二氧化钛的复合材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，所述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂包括以下组分：
改性纳米氢氧化铝50-70份、硼砂40-60份、改性纳米膨润土10-15份、硅烷偶联剂2-3份、水玻璃3-5份。
7.如权利要求6所述的防鼠防鸟啄光缆，其特征在于，所述改性纳米氢氧化铝复合阻燃剂的制备方法包括：
将氢氧化铝、去离子水和硅烷偶联剂溶液，搅拌制成含硅烷偶联剂的氢氧化铝浆液；
将氢氧化铝浆液在球磨机中研磨120分钟；
将研磨后的氢氧化铝浆液脱水干燥，得到平均粒径为10-50nm的改性氢氧化铝粉体；
将改性纳米氢氧化铝、硼砂、改性纳米膨润土、硅烷偶联剂和水玻璃加入到反应釜中，120-150℃加热1-1.5h，然后降温到60-80℃，搅拌混合，120-150℃加热1-2h，冷却即可。
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