CN111696714B - 一种带有保护管的电力电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带有保护管的电力电缆，它包括设有保护管的电缆体和弯折固定架；所述保护管由基层和表层组成，并依次设在电缆体橡胶层的外面；所述弯折固定架包括内架和外架；所述内架和外架上分别设有与电缆体外表相对应的半圆形凹槽，且内架和外架上的凹槽相对分布；所述外架呈弯折结构，在弯折处设有弧形部；所述内架呈弧形，与弧形部相对应。本发明结构合理，使用方便，保护管可以起到防啃咬、防水、耐腐蚀、以及增加结构强度的效果，通过弯折固定架对电缆体的任意位置进行弯折，便于铺设和安装，有效的解决了现有技术的电缆所存在的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电缆线路技术领域，具体涉及一种带有保护管的电力电缆。
背景技术
目前市场上的阻水通讯电缆，大多都是带有护套的多芯电缆，这些电缆在芯线成缆时加入阻水绳或阻水纱，然后再绕包一层阻水带，以达到阻水的目的。
公开号为203013323U的专利公开了一种加强型阻水电线电缆，包括有多根导体，多根导体外先分别采用阻水带搭盖绕包形成有阻水层，再分别经挤塑成型有交联聚乙烯绝缘层构成绝缘线芯，绝缘线芯相互绞合成束并于外侧挤塑成型有交联聚乙烯防水层，相邻的二根绝缘线芯之间的交联聚乙烯防水层内设有阻水绳，交联聚乙烯防水层外设有不锈钢无皱纹管、外护套层。本发明导体外绕包的阻水层达到纵向阻水的效果；缆芯挤塑成型于交联聚乙烯防水层中，其致密的分子结构也具有一定的阻水功能；护套为不锈钢无皱纹管和外高密度聚乙烯塑料复合阻水结构。
该专利具有较好的防水效果，但是目前电缆一般置于地下的电力管道中，同时面临着鼠类和虫类的啃咬及腐蚀，一旦表层收到破损，其防水防潮效果就会变差，慢慢导致内部潮湿腐蚀。电缆的外面涂抹防虫鼠的药物涂层随着时间会慢慢失效，效果也不理想。电缆的外面无论是采用金属结构还是聚乙烯材质等，都会增加电缆的强度，使其不易弯折，并且弯曲半径变大，而电缆的铺设中肯定存在线路的弯折，在弯折处有较高的弹性，受周围环境影响较大，尤其在设备接头处，较小空间内很难进行弯折，使用起来十分不方便。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的电缆存在防啃咬效果差和使用不方便的技术问题，提供一种带有保护管的电力电缆，以解决现有技术的不足。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种带有保护管的电力电缆，它包括设有保护管的电缆体和弯折固定架；所述保护管由基层和表层组成，并依次设在电缆体橡胶层的外面；所述弯折固定架包括内架和外架；所述内架和外架上分别设有与电缆体外表相对应的半圆形凹槽，且内架和外架上的凹槽相对分布；所述外架呈弯折结构，在弯折处设有弧形部；所述内架呈弧形，与弧形部相对应。
进一步的，所述电缆体内设有至少3根设有绝缘层的导体，绕电缆体的圆心螺旋缠绕分布；所述电缆体内还设有抗拉绳体和填充层；所述绝缘层、抗拉绳体和填充层的缝隙中设有胶体层；所述橡胶层的里面设有纺织带，纺织带将绝缘层、抗拉绳体、填充层和胶体层包裹。
进一步的，所述填充层采用碳酸钙粉。
进一步的，所述胶体层采用防水胶。
进一步的，所述外架呈90°、120°和150°弯折，弧形部的弯折半径为4-16倍的凹槽宽度；所述外架呈金属材质或设有加强筋的塑料材质；所述内架和外架的背面设有位置对应的固定孔，通过穿插扎带或绳索固定。
进一步的，所述保护管包括基层和表层，其特征在于，所述的基层为PVC层，表层为PVC基仿生物侵蚀层。
更进一步地，所述保护管的制备方法如下：将树脂毒素进行聚乙烯醇基材料包覆，形成树脂毒素为核、聚乙烯醇基材料为壳的结构，经KH792硅烷偶联剂表面接枝改性后，与PVC基料制备成母粒，然后进双层造管机进行造管，从而形成覆盖在基层表面的防生物侵蚀表层，制得保护管。
更进一步地，所述表层的制备方法如下：
1)将树脂毒素与聚乙烯醇以1:3-5加入到正己烷中，在搅拌的条件下均匀分散后，逐渐加入十八烷二酸，在40-80℃下反应1-5h，得核壳结构的聚乙烯醇基包覆的树脂毒素；
2)往上述核壳材料的反应溶液中加入KH790，KH790的加入量与核壳材料的比为20-30:1，反应温度为20-40℃，反应时间为30-60mi n；
3)将上述改性好的核壳材料与PVC基料以1-5:100混合造粒。
4)利用双层造管机进行造管，从而形成覆盖在基层表面的防生物侵蚀表层，制得保护管。
优选地，所述的生物是指鼠类或者蚁类。
更优选地，所述的生物是鼠类。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下显著优点：
本发明结构合理，使用方便，保护管可以起到防啃咬、防水、耐腐蚀以及增加结构强度的效果，通过弯折固定架对电缆体的任意位置进行弯折，便于铺设和安装，有效的解决了现有技术的电缆所存在的技术问题。
本发明保护管能够更加有效驱避生物，尤其是鼠类，现有技术的气味剂通常选用辣椒、樟脑、薄荷、风油精之类的，其虽然对驱避有一定作用，但是由于生物适应能力强，不能长时有效的实现驱避作用，本发明选用了树脂毒素，其驱避力更大；本发明人发现现有的化学类驱避剂的加入造成了对施工人员的刺激性，不利于施工，往往在驱避层外还要包覆额外的层，增加了制造困难和成本，本发明人还发现，至今并未有人使用树脂毒素作为驱避剂，其原因在于辣力过大，本申请创新的提出采用核壳结构包覆树脂毒素，一方面能够最大程度的利用树脂毒素的辣力，另一方面能够减免对施工操作人员的影响，实现了有效驱避生物和施工的协调。现有的以辣椒等气味剂为主的驱避类在直接添加时不能够有效的分散，即使是形成包覆层也不能提高多少分散性，本发明创新的提出了采用十八烷二酸改性的聚乙烯醇包覆工艺，利用长链的非极性能够与PVC材能够更好的相容，提高了分散性，实现了树脂毒素在整个防生物侵蚀层中均匀分布；同时为了进一步提高分散性，采用KH792硅烷偶联剂，利用其丰富的氨基，能够有效反应残余的羟基或羧基，提高与PVC基材的相容性，进一步提高分散性和结合力以及整体的机械物理性能。
本发明降低了生物驱避剂的使用量，进一步降低了对PVC管材物理机械性能的影响；同时本发明采用微胶囊与PVC基料进行造粒以形成表层，能够进一步增强与基层的结合力。
附图说明
图1是本发明电缆体剖面结构示意图；
图2是本发明弯折固定架结构示意图；
图3是本发明安装后剖面结构示意图。
图中1、电缆体 2、弯折固定架 3、表层 4、基层 5、橡胶层 6、纺织带 7、胶体层 8、绝缘层 9、导体 10、抗拉绳体 11、填充层 12、内架 13、外架 14、凹槽 15、固定孔 16、弧形部 17、间隙 18、扎带。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，在本发明的描述中，显然下文所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
根据图1-图3，一种带有保护管的电力电缆，它包括设有保护管的电缆体1和弯折固定架2；所述保护管由基层4和表层3组成，并依次设在电缆体橡胶层5的外面；所述弯折固定架包括内架12和外架13；所述内架和外架上分别设有与电缆体外表相对应的半圆形凹槽14，且内架和外架上的凹槽相对分布；所述外架呈弯折结构，在弯折处设有弧形部16；所述内架呈弧形，与弧形部相对应。
所述电缆体内设有至少3根设有绝缘层8的导体9，绕电缆体的圆心螺旋缠绕分布；所述电缆体内还设有抗拉绳体10和填充层11；所述绝缘层、抗拉绳体和填充层的缝隙中设有胶体层7；所述橡胶层的里面设有纺织带6，纺织带将绝缘层、抗拉绳体、填充层和胶体层包裹。
所述填充层11采用碳酸钙粉。
所述胶体层7采用防水胶。
所述外架13呈90°、120°和150°弯折，弧形部的弯折半径为4-16倍的凹槽宽度；所述外架呈金属材质或设有加强筋的塑料材质；所述内架和外架的背面设有位置对应的固定孔15，通过穿插扎带18或绳索固定。
实施例2
根据图3，所述内架12的凹槽14扣接在电缆体1的一侧，外架13的凹槽14扣接在电缆体1的另一侧，通过夹合设备将内架12和外架13向中间聚拢，至电缆体1的外表面与内架12和外架13的凹槽14完全贴合，将扎带18或绳索通过固定孔15穿插固定，电缆体1在所需位置弯折成所需角度，并且将弹力施加给弯折固定架，不会对周围环境和部件造成干扰。
内架12和外架13的凹槽14完全贴合后，内架12和外架13之间留有间隙17，这样可以与电缆体1更好的贴合和固定。
所述固定孔15在内架12和外架13上至少设有两组，从中间向两侧呈对称分布。
实施例3
所述导体选用优质无氧铜，表面加镀锡层，并经过退火工艺；在导体绞合后挤包一层绝缘材质，然后缠绕屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层采用铝箔屏蔽层或编织金属丝屏蔽层；所述屏蔽层的外面挤包绝缘层。
实施例4
本发明重点保护管材料进行优化和改进，具体地，采用如下工艺制备而得：
1)树脂毒素包覆：将树脂毒素与聚乙烯醇以一定比例加入到正己烷中，在搅拌的条件下均匀分散后，逐渐加入十八烷二酸，在一定温度下反应一段时间，得核壳结构的聚乙烯醇基包覆的树脂毒素；
2)聚乙烯醇基包覆树脂毒素核壳材料的表面改性：往上述核壳材料的反应溶液中加入一定量的KH790，在一定反应温度为下，反应一段时间为；
3)制备表层PVC母粒：将上述改性好的核壳材料与PVC基料以一定比例混合造粒，
4)利用双层造管机进行造管，形成基层为传统PVC材质层，外层为由PVC母粒形成的防生物侵蚀层，所述基层和表层的PVC基料为通用PVC基料，可以选择市售或任何现有技术文献的任何可工业化的PVC管材基料。
所述术语聚乙烯醇基材料实质就是以聚乙烯醇为基材与交联剂反应而得的包覆层，以区别于聚乙烯醇单独包覆。
对比实验：
气味剂选用通用辣椒素；硅烷偶联剂为KH550。
测试效果实验：
1、防鼠性测试：
将本发明的防护管材与对比实验的管材切段放置于鼠笼里，48h后观察表面状况。
2、拉伸强度测试采用通用管材拉伸强度测试。
具体详细实验参数如表1。
表1配方工艺表
根据实验发现，如通过试验例1-3、对比例1-4相可以明显的看出，相比于传统的添加辣椒素而不对辣椒素进行包覆的对比例4可以看出，本发明的方案能够获得更好的防鼠性，同笼放置的所实验的两根管道，经48h后，添加有辣椒素的对比例4出现了轻微的咬伤，而试验例1-3则基本无咬伤，可见在同笼放置的情况下，更易于侵蚀辣椒素而非树脂毒素管道；且未包覆的对比例4则在拉伸强度也远远不如包覆的试验例1-3。
进一步的，在包覆胶囊结构上的选择，可以看出对比例1-3虽然采用了包覆，其拉伸强度较未包覆的对比例4有提高，但是与本发明的试验例1-3相比后，由于包覆剂成分的选择不同，本发明采用十八烷二酸结构而非传统的戊二醛类交联剂，更能提高拉伸强度，这主要在于采用了羧基以及较为长链端，比戊二醛的醛剂更加容易交联，以及交联后碳链更长；同时从试验例1与试验例4看来，KH792硅烷偶联剂能够相较于一般硅烷偶联剂如KH550能够进一步提高结合力，其拉伸强度进一步提高，这可能源于KH792提供了更多的氨基反应基团。
显然，本发明还可以是直接采用上述管道作为保护管的电缆用外防护装置，更加显而易见的是，不仅仅可以作为保护管，其可以作为电缆的皮层直接形成保护作用，无需外加进一步的防护层。
本发明尽管详细叙述了两层结构，但是制造商完全可以根据克服需要而提供其他的层。但是至少出于防护生物以及节约成本，本发明所述的两层可以提供足够的防护。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种带有保护管的电力电缆，它包括设有保护管的电缆体和弯折固定架；其特征是，所述保护管由基层和表层组成，并依次设在电缆体橡胶层的外面；所述弯折固定架包括内架和外架；所述内架和外架上分别设有与电缆体外表相对应的半圆形凹槽，且内架和外架上的凹槽相对分布；所述外架呈弯折结构，在弯折处设有弧形部；所述内架呈弧形，与弧形部相对应；所述保护管包括基层和表层，所述的基层为PVC层，表层为PVC基防生物侵蚀层；所述保护管的制备方法如下：将树脂毒素进行聚乙烯醇基材料包覆，形成树脂毒素为核、聚乙烯醇基材料为壳的结构，经KH792硅烷偶联剂表面接枝改性后，与PVC基料制备成母粒，然后进双层造管机进行造管，从而形成覆盖在基层表面的PVC基防生物侵蚀层，制得保护管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种带有保护管的电力电缆，其特征是，所述电缆体内设有至少3根设有绝缘层的导体，绕电缆体的圆心螺旋缠绕分布；所述电缆体内还设有抗拉绳体和填充层；所述绝缘层、抗拉绳体和填充层的缝隙中设有胶体层；所述橡胶层的里面设有纺织带，纺织带将绝缘层、抗拉绳体、填充层和胶体层包裹。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种带有保护管的电力电缆，其特征是，所述填充层采用碳酸钙粉。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种带有保护管的电力电缆，其特征是，所述胶体层采用防水胶。
5.根据权利要求1-4任其一所述的一种带有保护管的电力电缆，其特征是，所述外架呈90°、120°或150°弯折，弧形部的弯折半径为4-16倍的凹槽宽度；所述外架采用金属材质或设有加强筋的塑料材质；所述内架和外架的背面设有位置对应的固定孔，通过穿插扎带或绳索固定。
6.根据权利要求1-4任其一所述的一种带有保护管的电力电缆，其特征是，所述保护管的制备方法如下：
1)将树脂毒素与聚乙烯醇以1:3-5加入到正己烷中，在搅拌的条件下均匀分散后，逐渐加入十八烷二酸，在40-80℃下反应1-5h，得核壳结构的聚乙烯醇基包覆的树脂毒素；
2)往上述核壳材料的反应溶液中加入KH792，KH792的加入量与核壳材料的比为20-30:1，反应温度为20-40℃，反应时间为30-60min；
3)将上述改性好的核壳材料与PVC基料以1-5:100混合造粒；
4)利用双层造管机进行造管，从而形成覆盖在基层表面的PVC基防生物侵蚀层，制得保护管。
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