CN107701642B - 一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件 - Google Patents

一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件 Download PDF

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CN107701642B
CN107701642B CN201711027104.1A CN201711027104A CN107701642B CN 107701642 B CN107701642 B CN 107701642B CN 201711027104 A CN201711027104 A CN 201711027104A CN 107701642 B CN107701642 B CN 107701642B
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CN107701642A (zh
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农多敏
叶特
陈灿辉
程海涛
周军
陈强
段国奇
陈清化
龙垚坤
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to RU2019105260A priority patent/RU2745226C1/ru
Priority to ES18870146T priority patent/ES2904351T3/es
Priority to US16/648,237 priority patent/US11287007B2/en
Priority to EP18870146.0A priority patent/EP3530977B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/098206 priority patent/WO2019080576A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/3732—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having an annular or the like shape, e.g. grommet-type resilient mountings
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/002—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
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    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
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    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/0232—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring
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    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/046—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means using combinations of springs of different kinds
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F16F15/085—Use of both rubber and metal springs
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0454—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement, e.g. mounting of the membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • B60G2204/4502—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42—Springs
    • B60G2206/424—Plunger or top retainer construction for bellows or rolling lobe type air springs
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
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    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，上端板的外周通过气囊与下端板的外周连接，上盖板和上端板之间压设有钢簧，上盖板和上端板之间沿钢簧周向方向设有多个沙漏弹性体。该空气弹簧组件具有结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度低、垂向变形大、舒适性和稳定性高、能降低蠕变、可实现软止档的优点。

Description

一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件
技术领域
本发明主要涉及缓冲减震技术，尤其涉及一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件。
背景技术
空气弹簧组件应用广泛，如铁路车厢、重载车辆以及其它缓冲或减震较为重要的应用场合。通常，这种弹簧组件包括位于一对刚性端板之间的弹性体。弹性体由橡胶制成，并被作用于弹簧组件的载荷压缩。现有技术中，橡胶应急簧因为橡胶的特性在使用寿命期间会发生蠕变，同时由于橡胶的非线性在载荷增大时垂向刚度会增大。在某些高速列车的项目上，要求应急簧具有垂向刚度变化小，动态位移大，寿命期间不允许加垫的要求。因此现有的橡胶应急簧无法满足此种要求。
空气弹簧在泄气时，一般在垂向会发生硬止档，同时在盖板和磨耗板之间出现横向滑动摩擦，无法满足一些高速车项目在泄气状态下横向方向的刚度要求和软止档要求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度低、垂向变形大、舒适性和稳定性高、能降低蠕变、可实现软止档的预压式应急空气弹簧组件。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，所述上端板的外周通过所述气囊与下端板的外周连接，所述上盖板和上端板之间压设有钢簧，上盖板和上端板之间沿钢簧周向方向设有多个沙漏弹性体。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
所述沙漏弹性体包括低位部、高位部和隔板，所述隔板固装在低位部和高位部之间，所述高位部的顶部与上盖板密封连接，所述低位部的底部与上端板密封连接。
所述上盖板底部设有限位套，所述上端板顶部设有限位柱，所述限位柱与限位套相互套接，所述钢簧套于限位套和限位柱外围。
所述限位柱顶部设有用于防止限位套脱出的防脱台，所述防脱台通过螺栓与限位柱紧固连接。
所述上端板顶部于钢簧外周设有限位台。
所述上端板底部设有橡胶弹性体，所述下端板顶部设有在泄气状态时和上端板底部橡胶弹性体接触的磨耗板。
橡胶弹性体上硫化有在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用的横向止挡弹性体。
所述下端板顶部于磨耗板两侧设有横向止挡台，所述橡胶弹性体两侧设有与横向止挡台配合的横向止挡槽。
所述上端板的外周面底部设有扣环，所述气囊一端与扣环扣接，另一端与下端板自密封连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，上端板的外周通过气囊与下端板的外周连接，上盖板和上端板之间压设有钢簧，上盖板和上端板之间沿钢簧设有多个沙漏弹性体。该结构中，通过在钢簧外侧周向方向设置多个沙漏弹性体形成并联结构，其结构简单，安装方便，而且，钢簧和沙漏弹性体初始即形成预压力，通过这种带预压力的并联结构能降低沙漏弹性体的蠕变，减少非线性、提高了动态位移能力；并且大大降低了辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了车辆的在重载下的舒适性；可为系统提供泄气状态下的横向刚度要求，起到横向软止档的作用，同时实现垂向刚性接触，起到垂向硬止档的作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中各标号表示：
1、上盖板；11、限位套；2、气囊；3、上端板；31、限位柱；311、防脱台；32、限位台；33、橡胶弹性体；331、横向止挡弹性体；332、横向止挡槽；34、扣环；4、下端板；41、磨耗板；42、横向止挡台；5、沙漏弹性体；51、低位部；52、高位部；53、隔板；6、钢簧。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明预压式应急空气弹簧组件的一种实施例，包括上盖板1、气囊2、上端板3和下端板4，上端板3的外周通过气囊2与下端板4的外周连接，上盖板1和上端板3之间压设有钢簧6，上盖板1和上端板3之间沿钢簧6周向方向设有多个沙漏弹性体5。该结构中，通过在钢簧6外侧周向方向设置多个沙漏弹性体5形成并联结构，其结构简单，安装方便，而且，钢簧6初始即形成预压力，通过这种带预压力的并联结构能降低沙漏弹性体5的蠕变，减少非线性、提高了动态位移能力；并且大大降低了辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了车辆的在重载下的舒适性；可为系统提供泄气状态下的横向刚度要求，起到横向软止档的作用。
本实施例中，沙漏弹性体5包括低位部51、高位部52和隔板53，隔板53固装在低位部51和高位部52之间，高位部52的顶部与上盖板1密封连接，低位部51的底部与上端板3密封连接。该结构中，低位部51和高位部52的设置使得沙漏弹性体5的整体高程能够增加，即大大降低了辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了辅助弹簧的在重载下的舒适性；另外，而低位部51和高位部52通过隔板53分离，在高程增加的同时，也增加了横向稳定性；并且，高位部52的顶部与上盖板1密封连接，低位部51的底部与上端板3密封连接能防止漏气，使得沙漏弹性体5可为系统提供阻尼，以有效衰减系统的振动。
本实施例中，上盖板1底部设有限位套11，上端板3顶部设有限位柱31，限位柱31与限位套11相互套接，钢簧6套于限位套11和限位柱31外围。该限位套11和限位柱31的配合使用，一方面能保证上盖板1的上下位移，另一方面能对横向位移进行约束限位，防止横向失稳。
本实施例中，限位柱31顶部设有用于防止限位套11脱出的防脱台311，防脱台311通过螺栓与限位柱31紧固连接。该防脱台311用于防止限位套11上升时从限位柱31顶部脱出，提高了整体结构的可靠性。
本实施例中，上端板3顶部于钢簧6外周设有限位台32。该限位台32在钢簧6外周对其进行横向约束限位，防止横向失稳。
本实施例中，上端板3底部设有橡胶弹性体33，下端板4顶部设有在泄气状态时和橡胶弹性体33接触的磨耗板41。泄气状态时，橡胶弹性体33和磨耗板41硬接触，限制上端板3和下端板4的垂向位移。横向止挡弹性体331在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用。
本实施例中，下端板4顶部于磨耗板41两侧设有横向止挡台42，橡胶弹性体33两侧设有与横向止挡台42配合的横向止挡槽332。泄气状态下，列车滑动位移一段距离后，下端板4的横向止挡台42与橡胶弹性体33的横向止挡槽332接触，此时橡胶弹性体33为系统提供横向刚度和软止档，可以将列车在过小曲线时拉回，保证了列车泄气状态下的安全性。
本实施例中，上端板3的外周面底部设有扣环34，气囊2一端与扣环34扣接，另一端与下端板4自密封连接。该结构中，气囊2小子口与下端板4采用自密封连接，防止漏气。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种预压式应急空气弹簧组件，包括上盖板(1)、气囊(2)、上端板(3)和下端板(4)，其特征在于：所述上端板(3)的外周通过所述气囊(2)与下端板(4)的外周连接，所述上盖板(1)和上端板(3)之间压设有钢簧(6)，上盖板(1)和上端板(3)之间沿钢簧(6)周向方向设有多个沙漏弹性体(5)；所述沙漏弹性体(5)包括低位部(51)、高位部(52)和隔板(53)，所述隔板(53)固装在低位部(51)和高位部(52)之间，所述高位部(52)的顶部与上盖板(1)密封连接，所述低位部(51)的底部与上端板(3)密封连接；所述上端板(3)底部设有橡胶弹性体(33)，所述下端板(4)顶部设有在泄气状态时和橡胶弹性体(33)接触的磨耗板(41)；橡胶弹性体(33)硫化有在泄气状态时起横向软止挡作用的横向止挡弹性体(331)；所述下端板(4)顶部于磨耗板(41)两侧设有横向止挡台(42)，所述橡胶弹性体(33)两侧设有与横向止挡台(42)配合的横向止挡槽(332)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上盖板(1)底部设有限位套(11)，所述上端板(3)顶部设有限位柱(31)，所述限位柱(31)与限位套(11)相互套接，套接方式采用间隙配合，或采用摩擦套联接方式以减少滑动摩擦力，所述钢簧(6)套于限位套(11)和限位柱(31)外围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述限位柱(31)顶部设有用于防止限位套(11)脱出的防脱台(311)，所述防脱台(311)通过螺栓与限位柱(31)紧固连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板(3)顶部于钢簧(6)外周设有限位台(32)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的预压式应急空气弹簧组件，其特征在于：所述上端板(3)的外周面底部设有扣环(34)，所述气囊(2)一端与扣环(34)扣接，另一端与下端板(4)自密封连接。
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