CN107698234A - 一种青釉钧瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种青釉钧瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001719 melilite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010803 wood ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 58
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous silicon salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000015 iron(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010494 opalescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012736 patent blue V Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/04—Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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Abstract
本发明提供一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土70‑80份、黑毛土4‑6份、焦宝石9‑15份、砂石6‑10份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石47‑53份、石英17‑23份、石灰石10‑16份、锑石1.5‑2.5份、铁矿石2‑4份、木灰8‑10份、滑石2‑4份。本发明与现有技术相比,坯料的配方中通过采用软性的黑毛土和白土使得坯体容易成型,再加入焦宝石、砂石增加坯体的白度、强度、硬度和亮度,使制成的坯体富有质感、不刺眼、有水色,并且成本低;釉料的配方中通过使用矿物质,未添加任何的化学物质,并且通过科学合理的原料配比及控制烧制工艺,能够降低烧成温度,并且不需要保温,即可制备出了发色自然、玉石质感和乳浊性强的青釉钧瓷,成品率高达98%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种釉料,具体涉及一种青釉钧瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
一般钧瓷是由坯体和釉体组成,坯体是指钧瓷生坯没有上釉前预烧的胎,它既可增强坯体机械强度,使其在搬运时不容易摔坏,又可在上釉时不会因浸湿坯体而导致龟裂,现在的坯体原料的主要成份是矿石,如长石和石英等,其硅含量过高使胚体在出窑冷却后极易开裂,而且这种原材料的胚体在选择原料时相对比较严格,原料要经过长期的、循环不断的风吹、日晒、雨淋、冷冻过程,处理方法复杂,而且其品质满足不了钧瓷的制造,这也是钧瓷成品率低下的一个重要的原因。
钧瓷以釉厚为本,其色或沉釉底、或悬釉中、或浮釉表,釉层乳光莹润,层次繁多透活欲滴,立体感极强。钧瓷以窑变为神,自然窑变是钧瓷艺术的精华所在,也是钧瓷赖以扬名四海,蜚声瓷林的珍奇之处。烧制中同施一种釉,一经烧成则呈五光十色即“入窑一色,出窑万彩”。千变万化的窑变效果,形成了色彩变幻无穷的神奇,红利透紫、紫中藏青、青中寓白、白中泛红,五彩渗化,相映生辉,且有“钧瓷无对,窑变无双”之称。
钧瓷的关键在于瓷釉,瓷釉在进行烧制后的窑变色彩决定了钧瓷的价值,白色的钧瓷有月白、鱼肚白、牙白、玉白等,蓝色的钧瓷有天蓝、湖蓝、粉蓝、宝石蓝、孔雀蓝。而河南禹州的钧窑为北方青瓷窑系,一般采用柴、煤、炭和天然气烧制,不同的烧制工艺产生的釉色变化也不同。而釉料的配方同样也是影响钧瓷成品外色的重要因素,同时也是造成钧瓷入窑一色,出窑万彩的关键因素。而青釉钧瓷由于独特的工艺配方和烧造技术,采用二次烧成,先素烧后烧成,烧成温度一般为1275-1300℃,并在此烧成温度上保温0.5-1h,这样烧成所使用的液化气燃料的成本较高,因此,急需通过改变釉料的配方达到改变烧成工艺,降低制造成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种发色自然、玉石质感和乳浊性强、成品率高的青釉钧瓷,且生产成本低。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土70-80份、黑毛土4-6份、焦宝石9-15份、砂石6-10份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石47-53份、石英17-23份、石灰石10-16份、锑石1.5-2.5份、铁矿石2-4份、木灰8-10份、滑石2-4份。
上述的青釉钧瓷,其中,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯浆和釉浆的制备;
(2)坯体成型、干燥、素烧;
(3)施釉;
(4)烧成,烧成温度1250-1270℃。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)中釉浆的质量浓度为51-52%。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)中坯浆的制备过程是:将上述坯料原料混合,球磨12-15h,陈腐36-48h,过筛,脱水,即得。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)中的素烧工艺为:素烧至920-980℃,自然冷却至室温出窑。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其中,步骤(4)中的烧成工艺具体包括如下步骤:①氧化焰阶段:施釉后的坯体放入窑炉中,在氧化气氛下烧制,使温度在4-5h均匀升至920-980℃;②强还原焰阶段:在强还原气氛下,使温度在6-8h均匀升至1120-1180℃;③弱还原焰阶段:在弱还原气氛下,使温度在4-5h均匀升至1250-1270℃;④冷却阶段:自然冷却至室温,制得。
上述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)中施釉的厚度为0.8-1.0mm。
本发明中的有益效果在于:
1、在本发明中,通过科学合理的调配黄长石、石英、石灰石、木灰的含量,进而来控制钾、钠、钙、硅的含量,制备出的釉面无裂片、吸烟、流釉等缺点。
2、本发明中的青釉钧瓷的烧制过程分为四个阶段:第一阶段采用氧化火焰将窑炉温度升至920-980℃,在此过程中,匣钵、坯体及窑内的水分以及釉内的有机物等排出,釉层开始熔化,釉表面呈未烧结的小颗粒状,釉中组分铁矿石所含的二价铁被氧化成三价铁;第二阶段采用强还原火焰将窑炉内温度由920-980℃升至1120-1180℃,在此过程中,釉中的原矿物逐渐分解并重新结晶,釉面由多孔开始逐渐闭合,形成凹凸不平的状态,当窑炉的温度达到1120-1180℃,釉料中三价铁开始被还原为二价铁成为亚铁硅盐,再结合锑石的呈色,釉开始呈现出各种不同程度的青色;第三阶段采用弱还原火焰将窑炉内温度由1120-1180℃升至1250-1270℃,在此过程中,随着温度升高,釉层熔化成粘稠液体并由上而下流动,釉层的熔融使釉面变平,釉层形成玻璃体状,并且能够使三价铁的还原反应进行彻底,保证了青色的稳定性;第四阶段为停烧降温阶段,采用自然降温方式降至室温,使釉有一个很好的析晶过程,保证了青色的稳定性。
3、本发明中使用的原料均为矿物质,未添加任何化学物质,使青色发色更自然。
4、坯料的配方中通过采用软性的黑毛土和白土使得坯体容易成型,并且不需要经过长期的、循环不断的风吹、日晒、雨淋、冰冻等这些步骤,处理简便,再加入焦宝石、砂石增加坯体的白度、强度、硬度和亮度,使制成的坯体富有质感、不刺眼、有水色,并且成本低。
5、骨灰和木灰的引入更是使制备出的釉玉石质感和乳浊性强,并且通过科学合理的原料配比及控制烧制工艺,能够降低烧成温度,并且不需要保温,即可制备出了发色自然、玉石质感和乳浊性强的青釉钧瓷,大大降低了成本,并且成品率高达95%以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土70-80份、黑毛土4-6份、焦宝石9-15份、砂石6-10份;
其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石47-53份、石英17-23份、石灰石10-16份、锑石1.5-2.5份、铁矿石2-4份、木灰8-10份、滑石2-4份。
上述青釉钧瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯浆和釉浆的制备;
①釉浆的制备:先对砂石、焦宝石进行高温煅烧,将煅烧后的砂石、焦宝石打碎后与白土、黑毛土混合,加入坯体原料总重量27-30%的水,球磨12-15h,陈腐36-48h,过150目筛,脱水,即得坯浆;
②釉浆的制备:将上述釉料配方中的各原料加入适量的水混合,球磨,得到质量浓度为51-52%的釉浆;
(2)坯体成型、干燥、素烧:将步骤(1)中制备出的坯浆注入模具内,坯体成型后取出,晾干,修整,用水擦坯后放入920-980℃的窑中烧制4-5h,停火冷却至室温,取出备用;
(3)施釉:将步骤(2)中制得的坯体浸入步骤(1)中制得的釉浆中片刻取出,再次浸入片刻,取出,利用坯体的吸水性,使釉浆均匀的附着于坯体表面,其中施釉的厚度为0.8-1.0mm;
(4)烧成,烧成温度1250-1270℃;
烧成工艺具体包括如下步骤:
①氧化焰阶段:施釉后的坯体装入匣钵后放入窑炉中,控制通气的烟囱匣板开放,窑顶天窗开放,使窑内处于氧化气氛下,并使窑内温度从室温在4-5h均匀升至920-980℃;
②强还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至920-980℃后,关闭天窗,烟道匣门关闭或者半开放,使窑内处于强还原气氛下,使温度在6-8h均匀升至1120-1180℃;
③弱还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至1120-1180℃后,在弱还原气氛下,使温度在4-5h均匀升至1250-1270℃;
④冷却阶段:当窑内温度升至1250-1270℃后,打开窑门,大量的氧气进入窑内,窑内呈氧化气氛,氧气对釉面氧化、冷却,釉色形成,制得。
本发明的坯料中包括土壤和矿石,土壤包括白土、黑毛土,矿石包括焦宝石和砂石,其中,白土是一种软性的块状物,色泽呈灰白色、黄白色和灰色,能够增加坯体白底和质感;黑毛土是一种内含有机物丰富的软性土,可塑性好,粘度大,色泽呈黑色,能够增加坯体的强度,焦宝石又称为碱石,色泽呈青灰色,块状,是一种低可塑性的硬质黏土,煅烧后的焦宝石主要矿物组成为莫来石和石英,能够增加坯体的强度和亮度;砂石增加坯体的白度,增强坯体的硬度。
本发明中釉料以黄长石、石英、石灰石为主要成分,其中,黄长石中含有钾、钠,具有溶剂的作用,能够缩短烧成时间,增加钧瓷的透光度,提高坯体与釉层之间的结合力;石英的主要含量为二氧化硅,能够提高釉的熔融温度与粘度,加大熔融温度范围,减少釉的流动性,减少釉的膨胀系数,提高釉的机械强度、硬度、耐磨性与耐化学腐蚀性,而且石英能够被较多的易熔物CaO、Na2O、K2O、MgO熔融生成透明状石英玻璃,使釉面光亮,提高钧瓷的光泽度;石灰石主要成分是CaCO3,是一种溶剂,能够降低釉料的熔融温度和高温粘度,促进坯釉中间层的生产,缓和坯釉间因膨胀系数差异引起的应力,增加釉的弹性、光泽度和透明度,防止釉面龟裂、秃釉、堆釉;锑石主要来源于黑石头,锑的化合物锑白是优良的白色颜料,可作为一种着色剂,而且在冷却的时候,锑离子与氧气接触后能够阻碍气泡的继续生产;铁矿石是含有铁单质或铁化合物能够经济利用的矿物集合体,凡是含有可经济利用的铁元素的矿石叫做铁矿石,铁矿石的种类很多,用于炼铁的主要有磁铁矿(Fe3O4)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)和菱铁矿(FeCO3)等,是本发明中主要的着色剂;木灰主要引入钙、磷、钾等元素,是良好的助溶剂,对釉浆有一定的悬浮性,可降低釉的熔融温度和釉的高温粘度,同时具有乳浊性和对钧釉分相的促进作用;滑石的化学式为3MgO·4SiO2·H2O,在高温下是一种活性剂,可提高釉面的硬度、耐磨度和乳浊性。本发明中使用的白土、黑毛土、焦宝石、砂石、黄长石、石英、石灰石、锑石、铁矿石、木灰、滑石均来自禹州本地。
实施例2
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;
其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。
上述青釉钧瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯浆和釉浆的制备;
①坯浆的制备:先对砂石、焦宝石进行高温煅烧,将煅烧后的砂石、焦宝石打碎后与白土、黑毛土混合,加入坯体原料总重量28%的水,球磨14h,陈腐40h,过150目筛,脱水,即得坯浆;
②釉浆的制备:将上述釉料配方中的各原料加入适量的水混合,球磨,得到质量浓度为51.5%的釉浆;
(2)坯体成型、干燥、素烧:将步骤(1)中制备出的坯浆注入模具内,坯体成型后取出,晾干,修整,用水擦坯后放入950℃的窑中烧制4.5h,停火冷却至室温,取出备用;
(3)施釉:将步骤(2)中制得的坯体浸入步骤(1)中制得的釉浆中片刻取出,再次浸入片刻,取出,利用坯体的吸水性,使釉浆均匀的附着于坯体表面,其中施釉的厚度为0.8-1.0mm;
(4)烧成,烧成温度1260℃;
烧成工艺具体包括如下步骤:
①氧化焰阶段:施釉后的坯体装入匣钵后放入窑炉中,控制通气的烟囱匣板开放,窑顶天窗开放,使窑内处于氧化气氛下,并使窑内温度从室温在4.5h均匀升至950℃;
②强还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至950℃后,关闭天窗,烟道匣门关闭或者半开放,使窑内处于强还原气氛下,使温度在7h均匀升至1150℃;
③弱还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至1150℃后,在弱还原气氛下,使温度在4.5h均匀升至1260℃;
④冷却阶段:当窑内温度升至1260℃后,打开窑门,大量的氧气进入窑内,窑内呈氧化气氛,氧气对釉面氧化、冷却,釉色形成,制得。
本发明与现有技术相比,坯料的配方中通过采用软性的黑毛土和白土使得坯体容易成型,并且不需要经过长期的、循环不断的风吹、日晒、雨淋、冰冻等这些步骤,处理简便,再加入焦宝石、砂石增加坯体的白度、强度、硬度和亮度,使制成的坯体富有质感、不刺眼、有水色,并且成本低。釉料的配方中通过使用矿物质,未添加任何的化学物质,并且通过科学合理的原料配比及控制烧制工艺,能够降低烧成温度,并且不需要保温,即可制备出了发色自然、玉石质感和乳浊性强的青釉钧瓷,大大降低了成本,并且成品率高达98%。
实施例3
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土80份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石9份、砂石10份;
其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石52份、石英18份、石灰石14份、锑石1.5份、铁矿石3.5份、木灰10份、滑石2.5份。
上述青釉钧瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯浆和釉浆的制备;
①坯浆的制备:先对砂石、焦宝石进行高温煅烧,将煅烧后的砂石、焦宝石打碎后与白土、黑毛土混合,加入坯体原料总重量30%的水,球磨12h,陈腐46h,过150目筛,脱水,即得坯浆;
②釉浆的制备:将上述釉料配方中的各原料加入适量的水混合,球磨,得到质量浓度为52%的釉浆;
(2)坯体成型、干燥、素烧:将步骤(1)中制备出的坯浆注入模具内,坯体成型后取出,晾干,修整,用水擦坯后放入980℃的窑中烧制4h,停火冷却至室温,取出备用;
(3)施釉:将步骤(2)中制得的坯体浸入步骤(1)中制得的釉浆中片刻取出,再次浸入片刻,取出,利用坯体的吸水性,使釉浆均匀的附着于坯体表面,其中施釉的厚度为0.8-1.0mm;
(4)烧成,烧成温度1250℃;
烧成工艺具体包括如下步骤:
①氧化焰阶段:施釉后的坯体装入匣钵后放入窑炉中,控制通气的烟囱匣板开放,窑顶天窗开放,使窑内处于氧化气氛下,并使窑内温度从室温在4h均匀升至970℃;
②强还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至970℃后,关闭天窗,烟道匣门关闭或者半开放,使窑内处于强还原气氛下,使温度在7.5h均匀升至1160℃;
③弱还原焰阶段:当窑内温度升至1160℃后,在弱还原气氛下,使温度在4h均匀升至1250℃;
④冷却阶段:当窑内温度升至1250℃后,打开窑门,大量的氧气进入窑内,窑内呈氧化气氛,氧气对釉面氧化、冷却,釉色形成,制得。
本发明与现有技术相比,坯料的配方中通过采用软性的黑毛土和白土使得坯体容易成型,并且不需要经过长期的、循环不断的风吹、日晒、雨淋、冰冻等这些步骤,处理简便,再加入焦宝石、砂石增加坯体的白度、强度、硬度和亮度,使制成的坯体富有质感、不刺眼、有水色,并且成本低。釉料的配方中通过使用矿物质,未添加任何的化学物质,并且通过科学合理的原料配比及控制烧制工艺,能够降低烧成温度,并且不需要保温,即可制备出了发色自然、玉石质感和乳浊性强的青釉钧瓷,大大降低了成本,并且成品率高达95%以上。
比较例1
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石40份、石英20份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。具体制备方法同实施例2。此例与实施例2相比,减少了黄长石的使用量,黄长石中主要含有钾钠,如果钾钠含量过高,会增大膨胀系数,烧制出的釉面容易流釉,成品率只有70%。
比较例2
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英30份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。具体制备方法同实施例2。此例与实施例2相比,增加了石英的用量,石英主要含有硅元素,如果硅元素含量过高,会使膨胀系数过大,硬度过大,烧制出的釉面易裂片,成品率只有65%。
比较例3
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石19份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。具体制备方法同实施例2。此例与实施例2相比,增加了石灰石的用量,石灰石中主要含有钙元素,如果钙含量过高,会导致釉面析晶失透,造成温度过窄,变化过少,烧制出的釉面易吸烟,成品率只有70%。
比较例4
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石13份、氧化锑2份、氧化铁3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。此例与实施例2相比,将铁矿石改为氧化铁,将锑石改为氧化锑,通过在配方里引入化学试剂作为着色剂,烧制出的青釉发色不自然,成品率可达70%。
比较例5
一种青釉钧瓷,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份。此例与实施例2相比,未添加滑石、木灰,烧制出的釉玉石质感和乳浊性差,成品率达40%。
本发明实施例4-25提供的青釉钧瓷的坯料配方见表1-3。
表1
表2
表3
本发明实施例4-25提供的青釉的釉料配方见表4-6。
表4
表5
表6
Claims (8)
1.一种青釉钧瓷,其特征在于,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土70-80份、黑毛土4-6份、焦宝石9-15份、砂石6-10份;
其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
黄长石47-53份、石英17-23份、石灰石10-16份、锑石1.5-2.5份、铁矿石2-4份、木灰8-10份、滑石2-4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的青釉钧瓷,其特征在于,其坯体是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白土75份、黑毛土5份、焦宝石12份、砂石8份;
其釉料是由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
黄长石50份、石英20份、石灰石13份、锑石2份、铁矿石3份、木灰9份、滑石3份。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯浆和釉浆的制备;
(2)坯体成型、干燥、素烧;
(3)施釉;
(4)烧成,烧成温度1250-1270℃。
4.如权利要求3所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中釉浆的质量浓度为51-52%。
5.如权利要求3所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中坯浆的制备过程是:将上述坯料原料混合,球磨12-15h,陈腐36-48h,过筛,脱水,即得。
6.如权利要求3所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中的素烧工艺为:素烧至920-980℃,自然冷却至室温出窑。
7.如权利要求3所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中的烧成工艺具体包括如下步骤:①氧化焰阶段:施釉后的坯体放入窑炉中,在氧化气氛下烧制,使温度在4-5h均匀升至920-980℃;②强还原焰阶段:在强还原气氛下,使温度在6-8h均匀升至1120-1180℃;③弱还原焰阶段:在弱还原气氛下,使温度在4-5h均匀升至1250-1270℃;④冷却阶段:自然冷却至室温,制得。
8.如权利要求3所述的青釉钧瓷的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中施釉的厚度为0.8-1.0mm。
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