CN107685627A - 燃料贮存器 - Google Patents

燃料贮存器 Download PDF

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CN107685627A
CN107685627A CN201710661821.3A CN201710661821A CN107685627A CN 107685627 A CN107685627 A CN 107685627A CN 201710661821 A CN201710661821 A CN 201710661821A CN 107685627 A CN107685627 A CN 107685627A
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fuel reservoir
connection line
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product
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K.韦贝尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/073—Tank construction specially adapted to the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B60K2015/03144—Fluid connections between the tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
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    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
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    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在机动车中尤其用于处在压力下的气态的燃料的燃料贮存器（10；10a），其带有多个球形的单体积（15），这些单体积与连接线路（16、17、18、20；30）相互连接。

Description

燃料贮存器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在机动车中尤其用于处在压力下的气态的燃料的燃料贮存器。
背景技术
在机动车中储存气态的燃料时（此时燃料的压力典型地在200 bar和700 bar之间），一般使用由碳纤维增强的塑料制成的燃料贮存器。这种通常总是构造成圆柱形的燃料贮存器具有这样的优势，即，它们经受得起高压以及因此完成了出于安全原因要求的碰撞测试。此外，它们还具有较小的重量。这种由碳纤维增强的塑料制成的燃料贮存器的缺陷在于它的较高的制造价格，因为它的制造较为昂贵且一般无法自动化或仅一小部分可以自动化。
因此由DE 102 59 204 A1已知按照本发明所述的燃料贮存器，其具有球形的单体积，这些单体积借助连接线路相互连接。这种由金属制成的球形的单体积具有这样的优势，即，它们在较为有利的制造成本下具有所需的抗压强度以及通过根据安装情况的不同的直径能相对自由地与各安装地点相适应。为此在所述文本中建议，燃料贮存器例如由两个用于具有单体积的金属板的相应的冲压结构或凹部构成，它们相互连接或焊接。此外在单体积之间的中间区域中冲压或构造有形式为连接通道的连接线路。为了与各安装空间相适应，单体积要么具有不同的尺寸，和/或通过在单体积之间的连接区域的变形造成彼此间期望的相互的布置。在此缺陷在于，这种燃料贮存器的制造一方面需要较为昂贵的（深拉）工具，以及此外，由于围绕单体积和连接线路的金属板的材料（该材料不可供用于储存燃料），燃料贮存器具有较高的重量且存储体积还未得到优化。
发明内容
带有本发明的特征的燃料贮存器具有这样的优势，即，它具有特别小的重量以及可以特别简单地与不同的安装情况相适应。
为此本发明就其含义而言规定，燃料贮存器由若干单体积构成，单体积被构造成相应单独的构件。单体积又与同样构造成单独的构件的连接线路相互联接或彼此流体联通，连接线路在各个单体积的开口的区域内通过传力配合的或材料接合的连接部与所述单体积连接。因此燃料贮存器的这种按本发明的构造，无需使用较为昂贵的工具就能实现单体积和连接线路的任意的布置。例如可以以特别简单的方式和形式使具有不同体积或尺寸的单体积相互连接，其中，布置在单体积之间的连接线路同样可以例如具有不同的长度或直径或角度，以便能够实现燃料贮存器的分别根据应用情形加以优化的构造。此外，燃料贮存器的按本发明的构造，使各个单体积在各应用情形方面，例如考虑到尽可能高的强度或特定的材料，而能够构造成在制造技术上优化的形状，以及（经优化的）单体积又能与经优化的连接线路联接，经优化的连接线路由一种不同于单体积的材料制成。在此重要的仅在于，单体积可以通过传力配合的和/或材料接合的连接部抗压地与连接线路连接。
按本发明的燃料贮存器的有利的扩展设计在优选实施例和其它实施例中列举。
当连接线路横越单体积且在两个开口的区域中与单体积连接时，达到了在单体积和连接线路之间的经优化的连接，其中，连接线路在单体积内部具有用于燃料的输出口。这种实施形式尤其使得使用较长的、一体式的连接线路成为可能，这种连接线路以串珠绳的样式横越单个的单体积。
尤其为了构造材料接合的连接，但也为了在构造连接线路和单体积之间的传力配合的连接部时确保压力密封性，有利的是，单体积和连接线路由同类材料，尤其由钢制成或具有类似的热膨胀系数。
此外，为了在存在限定的安装空间时优化可能的存储体积，特别有利的是，单体积具有至少两个不同的直径。因此可以例如利用用于燃料贮存器的安装空间的那些具有较小高度的区域，办法是：在这些区域中使用有较小直径的单体积。
为了优化强度或者为了能够使在连接线路和单体积之间的两个连接部位彼此间隔尽可能大的间距布置，此外还规定，连接线路居于中心地横越单体积。
为了针对各安装空间优化或调整单个单体积的安装位置，可以规定，在单体积之间的连接线路至少部分构造成弯曲的。也可以备选或附加地规定，设多层单体积，它们为了减小燃料贮存器的结构高度而彼此错开布置。
为了能够尤其较为简单地处理由多个单体积构成的燃料贮存器，规定单体积以局部的方式优选通过粘接连接直接相互连接。这种粘接连接使得可以将燃料贮存器视作整体地较为简单地在单个的单体积没有相对彼此运动或移动的情况下安装到车辆中。此外在碰撞情况下实现了在单体积之间较为方便的分离以优化碰撞安全性。
用于优化燃料贮存器与各安装地点的匹配的另一种结构性的设计方案规定，连接线路从总线路出发，其中，连接线路分别配属于一部分单体积且与这部分单体积连接。这种构造尤其能够最小化连接线路的数量或长度以及因此也最小化它们的重量且能更为快速地装填或清空所述单体积。
从优选的实施例的下述的说明以及借助于附图可见本发明的其它的优点、特征和具体情况。
附图说明
其中：
图1在纵剖面中简化地示出了由带有相应多个单体积的三个层构成的燃料贮存器，其中，燃料贮存器的单个的层通过总线路相互连接；以及
图2立体地示出了燃料贮存器的由多个单体积构成的装置。
具体实施方式
在附图中用相同的附图标记设置相同的元件或者说具有相同功能的元件。
在图1中示出的燃料贮存器10用作用于在机动车中贮存气态的燃料，例如氢气的储箱。但本发明并不局限于将氢作为气态的燃料的应用以及并不局限于在机动车中的应用。
燃料贮存器10尤其构造用于，储存在200 bar和700 bar之间的压力下的气态的燃料。燃料贮存器10例如具有三个彼此平行布置的层11、12和13，其中，层11至13分别具有多个构造成空心球形的、用于储存气态的燃料的单体积15。两个外层11和13的单体积15例如具有直径d1，该直径略大于中间层12的单体积15的直径d2，其中，两个外层11和13的单体积15彼此对准地布置，而中间层12与单体积15则为了最小化燃料贮存器10的空间需求而分别在外层11、13的单体积15之间错开布置。层11至13的单体积15分别借助粘接连接部19相互连接。
单体积15优选由钢制成且通过由现有技术公知的制造方法构造，它们一方面实现了单体积15的较为经济的可制造性，以及另一方面确保了所需的抗压强度。
各层11至13的单体积15与各一条构造成管的连接线路16至18连接，尤其流体联通，连接线路又从总线路20出发或与这条总线路连接。总线路20的（内）直径可以例如大于连接线路16至18的（内）直径。在所示的实施例中，基于单个的层11至13的构造，连接线路16至18彼此平行地布置且分别构造成直线的。通过总线路20和连接线路16至18能将燃料装填到单体积15中或从单体积15取出。
连接线路16至18居中地或居于中心地横越配属于它们的单体积15，其中，它们在单体积15处的入口区域21的区域中进入以及在出口区域22的区域中从单体积15出来。为了在连接线路16至18和单体积15之间构造一种抗压的连接部，在连接线路16至18和单体积15之间的连接部，在分别构造成开口或圆形的孔的形状的各入口区域21或出口区域22的区域中，借助材料接合的连接（焊接）和/或借助例如形式为压配合的传力配合的连接形成。在材料接合的连接的情况下尤其规定，连接线路16至18由和单体积15同类的材料制成。
各连接线路16至18在每一个单体积15内部分别具有至少一个用于气态的燃料的出口25，其中，所述出口25例如布置在各单体积15的中心。
在图2中示出了这样的情形：其中燃料贮存器10a布置在立方形构造的安装空间100内。与燃料贮存器10类似的是，燃料贮存器10a也由多个单体积15构成，这些单体积可以具有不同的尺寸或体积，但或者至少部分具有同样的体积。单体积15借助唯一的连接线路30相互连接，该连接线路在安装空间100内部为了与单体积15连接而可以设计有弯曲、弯折或类似的几何形状的变形，以便把在安装空间100内部布置在最为不同的位置上的单体积15相互连接起来。此外也可以规定，在安装空间100内部从连接线路30对应于图1的燃料贮存器10又分支出单个的线路，这些线路与一部分单体积15联接或连接。
就此而言所说明的燃料贮存器10、10a可以以多种多样的方式和形式改变或修正，而不会偏离于发明思想。

Claims (10)

1.一种尤其用于在机动车中处在压力下的气态的燃料的燃料贮存器（10；10a），具有多个球形的单体积（15），这些单体积与连接线路（16、17、18、20；30）相互连接，其特征在于，所述单体积（15）和所述连接线路（16、17、18、20；30）构造成单独的构件，并且所述连接线路（16、17、18、20；30）与所述单体积（15）在所述单体积（15）的开口（21、22）的区域中通过传力配合的或材料接合的连接部相互连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述连接线路（16、17、18；30）横越所述单体积（15）且在两个开口（21、22）的区域中与相应的单体积（15）连接，以及所述连接线路（16、17、18；30）在所述单体积（15）内部具有出口（25）。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述单体积（15）和所述连接线路（16、17、18、20；30）由相同类型的材料，尤其由钢制成。
4.按照权利要求1至3任一项所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述单体积（15）具有至少两个不同的直径（d1、d2）。
5.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述连接线路（16、17、18；30）居中地横越所述单体积（15）。
6.按照权利要求1至5任一项所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，在所述连接线路（16、17、18；30）和所述单体积（15）之间的连接部被构造成焊接连接部或压紧连接部。
7.按照权利要求1至6任一项所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述连接线路（16、17、18；30）在所述单体积（15）之间构造成至少部分弯曲。
8.按照权利要求1至7任一项所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，设置多个层（11至13）的单体积（15），它们为了减小装置的结构高度而彼此错开布置。
9.按照权利要求8所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，所述单体积（15）优选通过粘接连接部（19）以局部的方式直接相互连接。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的燃料贮存器，其特征在于，设置构造成总线路的连接线路（20），多条连接线路（16、17、18）从该总线路出发，这些连接线路分别与所述单体积（15）中的一部分连接。
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