CN107675561A - 一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107675561A
CN107675561A CN201710840927.XA CN201710840927A CN107675561A CN 107675561 A CN107675561 A CN 107675561A CN 201710840927 A CN201710840927 A CN 201710840927A CN 107675561 A CN107675561 A CN 107675561A
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李曜
雷艳萍
韦良斌
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Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute Of Industry
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法。本发明通过制备硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊,可实现在pH≥6.7时大量释放硫酸小诺霉素,然后将硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊和刚果红装载在多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔道中,最后将硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒、茶多酚均匀分布于细菌纤维素和海藻酸钠钠中制得凝胶液涂布于基层纸上得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。该方法制得的包装纸可实现对猪肉腐败变质的识别和指示,同时具有抗菌、抗氧化的作用,有效防止猪肉腐败变质,延长储藏时间,使猪肉在较长时间内仍保持原有的色泽和营养水平。

Description

一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品包装纸的制备方法技术领域,特别涉及一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法。
背景技术
我国猪肉的食用量远大于其它畜禽肉类,已成为全世界最大的猪肉生产与消费大国。猪肉内富含蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐、维生素等营养物质,纤维组织和结缔组织细嫩柔软。猪肉丰富的营养成分适宜微生物生长繁殖而易被污染,猪肉中的蛋白质、糖类及脂肪在酶和细菌等作用下被分解,产生氨及胺类等碱性含氮物质,具有挥发性和毒性,猪肉品质和色泽发生改变并伴有腥臭味、霉变味等异味。按新鲜度可以将猪肉分为新鲜肉、次鲜肉和变质肉。猪肉为新鲜肉时,肉色艳红、多汁且肌肉组织富有弹性,pH为5.8~6.2;猪肉为次鲜肉时,肉色泽暗淡、缺乏弹性、稍有酸味,pH为6.3~6.6;猪肉为变质肉时,颜色发绿、肌肉松弛、明显酸臭味,pH≥6.7。
在人们的日常生活中,对于猪肉的包装冷藏是必不可少的,但对于猪肉的腐败变质难以鉴别。食用者一般会在食用前通过闻气味或观察猪肉的颜色变化来判断猪肉是否变质,但人为主观因素较重,且不同的人对气味和颜色的敏感程度不一样,容易导致误食腐败变质的猪肉,导致身体不适,严重的甚至会中毒。目前还未出现较好的方法来方便食用者在日常生活中鉴别已腐败变质的猪肉。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术中的不足,提供一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,该方法制得的包装纸可实现对猪肉腐败变质的识别和指示,同时具有抗菌、抗氧化的作用,有效防止猪肉腐败变质,延长储藏时间,使猪肉在较长时间内仍保持原有的色泽和营养水平。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸小诺霉素、苯乙烯、十六烷、正辛烷、聚乙二醇、质量分数为15~20%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化20~30min,在冰浴中超声分散20~30min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至80~85℃,加入过硫酸钾反应2~3h,加入丙烯酸继续反应1~1.5h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;所述的硫酸小诺霉素、苯乙烯、十六烷、正辛烷、聚乙二醇、磷酸二氢钠缓冲液、过硫酸钾、丙烯酸的质量比为1:50~60:8~10:5~6:5~8:1000:5~6:0.8~1.0。该步骤制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊能够在PH≥6.7时大量释放硫酸小诺霉素,并可控制硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径在20~40nm的范围内。因硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊是装载在多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔道中,所以需要严格控制硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径,与多孔二氧化硅颗粒孔道的孔径相匹配,保证硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊在孔道中的装载量。
(2)将多孔二氧化硅颗粒和步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到质量分数为1.0~2.0%的刚果红溶液中,在40~50℃下搅拌6~12h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;所述的多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;所述的多孔二氧化硅颗粒、硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊、刚果红的质量比为10:10~20:0.5~1.0。该步骤使硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊和刚果红被吸附到多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔道中,并使其在多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔道中装载量达到最大,为硫酸小诺霉素与刚果红的反应提供场所,反应后仍留在孔道中,避免与所包装的猪肉直接接触。
(3)将细菌纤维素溶于异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A。细菌纤维素具有纳米级多孔结构,硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒可均匀分布在细菌纤维素中。
(4)将海藻酸钠和茶多酚加入蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B。
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的混合液B中,然后加入明胶,在60~70℃下搅拌0.5~1h,得到凝胶液。
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)中的细菌纤维素与硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒的质量比为5:1~2,异丙醇溶液的质量分数为60~80%,细菌纤维素溶液的质量分数为20~25%。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)制得的混合液B按重量份数计,由以下构成:海藻酸钠10~20份,茶多酚0.05~0.2份,蒸馏水40~50份。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中的明胶与步骤(4)中的海藻酸钠的质量比为1:5~20。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中的混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1。
优选的,所述步骤(6)中的涂布量为1~10g/m2
本发明制备的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的显色原理为:猪肉由新鲜肉变成变质肉时,PH由≤5.8变为≥6.7,此时PH变大。刚果红在PH≥5.0时为红色。包装纸的初始颜色显红色,当PH≥6.7时硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊大量释放出硫酸小诺霉素,硫酸小诺霉素与刚果红发生褪色反应,使包装纸的红色变浅,最后消失,此时提示食用者猪肉已严重腐败变质,不可食用,应将猪肉尽快清除丢弃。
本发明制备的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的抗菌原理为:包装纸可以缓慢释放出硫酸小诺霉素和茶多酚,硫酸小诺霉素对大肠杆菌、克雷白杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌等格兰阴性杆菌具有很强的杀菌作用;茶多酚具有很强的抗氧化作用,使猪肉在较长时间内仍保持原有的色泽和营养水平,能有效防止猪肉的腐败变质,并能消除异味。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明制得的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸可实现对猪肉腐败变质的识别和指示。
2.本发明制得的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸具有抗菌、抗氧化的作用,有效防止猪肉的腐败变质,延长保存时间,使猪肉在较长时间内仍保持原有的色泽和营养水平。
3.本发明将硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊和刚果红装载在多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔道中,为硫酸小诺霉素与刚果红的反应提供场所,且反应后仍留在孔道中,避免与所包装的猪肉直接接触而转移到猪肉中。
4.本发明采用具有纳米级多孔结构的细菌纤维素,使硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒可均匀分布在细菌纤维素中,从而保证硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒在包装纸中的均匀分布。
5.本发明的细菌纤维素与海藻酸钠可形成三维互穿网络结构,明胶形成的胶粒贯穿于细菌纤维素与海藻酸钠形成的三维网络结构中,同时海藻酸钠的-COO-与明胶的-NH3 +形成静电作用,可有效将硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒和茶多酚均匀包埋在三维网络结构中,同时对硫酸小诺霉素和茶多酚起到缓释的作用。
具体实施例
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)将1g硫酸小诺霉素、50g苯乙烯、8g十六烷、5g正辛烷、5g聚乙二醇、1000g,15wt%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化20min,在冰浴中超声分散20min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至80℃,加入5g过硫酸钾反应2h,加入0.8g丙烯酸继续反应1h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;
(2)将10g多孔二氧化硅颗粒和10g步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到50g,1.0wt%的刚果红溶液中,在40℃下搅拌6h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;选择多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;
(3)将50g细菌纤维素溶于200g,60wt%的异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入10g步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A;
(4)将10g海藻酸钠和0.05g茶多酚加入40mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的全部混合液B中,混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1,然后加入2g明胶,在60℃下搅拌0.5h,得到凝胶液;
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液按涂布量为1g/m2涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
实施例2
一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)将1g硫酸小诺霉素、58g苯乙烯、10g十六烷、6g正辛烷、8g聚乙二醇、1000g,16wt%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化25min,在冰浴中超声分散25min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至82℃,加入6g过硫酸钾反应2.5h,加入1.0g丙烯酸继续反应1.2h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;
(2)将10g多孔二氧化硅颗粒和15g步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到50g,2.0wt%的刚果红溶液中,在45℃下搅拌8h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;选择多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;
(3)将25g细菌纤维素溶于100g,60wt%的异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入10g步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A;
(4)将20g海藻酸钠和0.2g茶多酚加入50mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的全部混合液B中,混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1,然后加入1g明胶,在65℃下搅拌1h,得到凝胶液;
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液按涂布量为4g/m2涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
实施例3
一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)将2g硫酸小诺霉素、110g苯乙烯、18g十六烷、11g正辛烷、12g聚乙二醇、2000g,18wt%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化28min,在冰浴中超声分散28min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至84℃,加入11g过硫酸钾反应3h,加入1.8g丙烯酸继续反应1.5h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;
(2)将20g多孔二氧化硅颗粒和20g步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到100g,1.5wt%的刚果红溶液中,在50℃下搅拌10h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;选择多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;
(3)将100g细菌纤维素溶于300g,80wt%的异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入20g步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A;
(4)将20g海藻酸钠和0.1g茶多酚加入80mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的全部混合液B中,混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1,然后加入4g明胶,在68℃下搅拌0.8h,得到凝胶液;
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液按涂布量为6g/m2涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
实施例4
一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,所述制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)将2g硫酸小诺霉素、120g苯乙烯、19g十六烷、12g正辛烷、14g聚乙二醇、2000g,20wt%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化30min,在冰浴中超声分散30min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至85℃,加入12g过硫酸钾反应3h,加入1.9g丙烯酸继续反应1.5h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;
(2)将20g多孔二氧化硅颗粒和40g步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到100g,2.0wt%的刚果红溶液中,在50℃下搅拌12h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;选择多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;
(3)将50g细菌纤维素溶于200g,80wt%的异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入20g步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A;
(4)将40g海藻酸钠和0.4g茶多酚加入100mL蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的全部混合液B中,混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1,然后加入2g明胶,在70℃下搅拌1h,得到凝胶液;
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液按涂布量为10g/m2涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
实施例5
将实施例1~4制得的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸和基层纸(对照组)进行PH显色试验,结果如表1所示。
表1PH显色试验情况表
项目 PH≤5.8 PH=5.8~6.2 PH=6.3~6.6 PH≥6.7
实施例1 红色 红色 浅红色 红色消失
实施例2 红色 红色 浅红色 红色消失
实施例3 红色 红色 浅红色 红色消失
实施例4 红色 红色 浅红色 红色消失
对照组 白色 白色 白色 白色
由此可见,本发明制备的包装纸对猪肉的腐败变质可以起到识别和指示的作用。
实施例6
使用实施例1~4制得的显色抗菌猪肉包装纸和基层纸(对照组)将猪肉进行包装冷藏温下储藏,对其储藏效果进行比较观察,结果如表2和表3所示。
表2冷藏温下储藏15天后猪肉的细菌污染情况
表3冷藏温下储藏15天后猪肉的色泽和气味情况
由此可见,本发明制得的包装纸具有抗菌和抗氧化的作用,有效防止猪肉的腐败变质,延长保存期限,使猪肉在较长时间内仍保持原有的色泽和营养水平。

Claims (6)

1.一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸小诺霉素、苯乙烯、十六烷、正辛烷、聚乙二醇、质量分数为15~20%的磷酸二氢钠缓冲液混合,搅拌均匀,乳化20~30min,在冰浴中超声分散20~30min得到单体细乳化液,向单体细乳化液中通入N2,升温至80~85℃,加入过硫酸钾反应2~3h,加入丙烯酸继续反应1~1.5h,用饱和NaCl溶液进行破乳,然后离心,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊的粒径为20~40nm;所述的硫酸小诺霉素、苯乙烯、十六烷、正辛烷、聚乙二醇、磷酸二氢钠缓冲液、过硫酸钾、丙烯酸的质量比为1:50~60:8~10:5~6:5~8:1000:5~6:0.8~1.0;
(2)将多孔二氧化硅颗粒和步骤(1)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊加入到质量分数为1.0~2.0%的刚果红溶液中,在40~50℃下搅拌6~12h,清洗,烘干,得到硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒;所述的多孔二氧化硅颗粒的孔径为80~100nm;所述的多孔二氧化硅颗粒、硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊、刚果红的质量比为10:10~20:0.5~1.0;
(3)将细菌纤维素溶于异丙醇溶液中制得细菌纤维素溶液,然后加入步骤(2)制得的硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒,搅拌均匀,得到混合液A;
(4)将海藻酸钠和茶多酚加入蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
(5)将步骤(3)制得的混合液A加入到步骤(4)制得的混合液B中,然后加入明胶,在60~70℃下搅拌0.5~1h,得到凝胶液;
(6)将步骤(5)制得的凝胶液涂布于基层纸上,干燥后在基层纸上形成显色抗菌层,得到显色抗菌猪肉包装纸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的细菌纤维素与硫酸小诺霉素纳米微胶囊/刚果红/多孔二氧化硅颗粒的质量比为5:1~2,异丙醇溶液的质量分数为60~80%,细菌纤维素溶液的质量分数为20~25%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)制得的混合液B按重量份数计,由以下构成:海藻酸钠10~20份,茶多酚0.05~0.2份,蒸馏水40~50份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中的明胶与步骤(4)中的海藻酸钠的质量比为1:5~20。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步(5)中的混合液A与混合液B的体积比为2:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种显色抗菌猪肉包装纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中的涂布量为1~10g/m2
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