CN107670688A - 来自流体催化裂化单元的增加丙烯产率的新型催化剂 - Google Patents
来自流体催化裂化单元的增加丙烯产率的新型催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107670688A CN107670688A CN201710958422.3A CN201710958422A CN107670688A CN 107670688 A CN107670688 A CN 107670688A CN 201710958422 A CN201710958422 A CN 201710958422A CN 107670688 A CN107670688 A CN 107670688A
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- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
一种催化剂组合物包含(i)Y沸石、(ii)ZSM‑5沸石和(iii)β沸石,所述催化剂组合物导致丙烯产率在流体催化裂化过程期间增加。
Description
本申请是申请日为2012年9月13日、申请号为201280055630.8、国际申请号为PCT/US2012/055152的名称为“来自流体催化裂化单元的增加丙烯产率的新型催化剂”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明提供了在流体催化裂化期间增加丙烯产率的新型催化剂组合物。
发明背景
催化裂化,特别为流体催化裂化(FCC),常规地用于将重烃原料转化成轻质产物,诸如汽油和馏出物范围级分。然而,在来自催化裂化方法的产物构成中存在对提高轻烯烃(特别为丙烯)的产率的增加的需求。轻烯烃(C2-C4烯烃)为石油化工业重要的原料。例如,丙烯,每分子具有3个碳原子的轻烯烃,为用于制备其它有用材料(诸如聚丙烯)的重要的化学制品。聚丙烯为目前使用中发现的最常见塑料之一并且具有作为制造材料和作为包装材料的广泛用途。
为了制备轻烯烃,通常通过使含石脑油的进料与通常包含一种或多种结晶微孔分子筛的催化剂组合物接触进行重烃原料(诸如石脑油)的催化裂化以选择性地将进料转化成含烯烃的混合物。虽然过去已经提出了各种石脑油催化裂化方法,但是许多方法并未产生商业上重要的具有足够选择性或收率的轻烯烃,如丙烯。另外,裂化方法可产生不希望量的甲烷和芳烃作为不想要的副产物。相比之下,实际和经济的石脑油催化裂化方法应选择性地产生增加量的轻烯烃,如丙烯,同时产生最少量的甲烷和芳烃。
在FCC方法中,将烃原料注入FCC反应器的立管部分,其中在接触循环至催化剂再生器的提升管-反应器的热催化剂后,原料裂化成较轻、更有价值的产物。FCC催化剂的主要突破来自20世纪60年代早期,引入了分子筛或沸石。这些材料掺入至构成那时FCC催化剂的非结晶和/或无定形/高岭土材料的基质。这些含有呈二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、高岭土、粘土等的非晶态或无定形/高岭土基质的结晶铝硅酸盐沸石的新沸石催化剂的裂化烃活性比含有二氧化硅-氧化铝催化剂的早期非晶态或无定形/高岭土的裂化烃活性至少高1,000-10,000倍。沸石裂化催化剂的引入改革了流体催化裂化方法。开发新方法以处理这些高的活性,诸如提升管裂化、缩短接触时间、新再生过程、新的改进的沸石催化剂的形成等。
通常用于FCC的沸石为结晶硅铝酸盐,所述结晶硅铝酸盐具有均匀的晶体结构,特征在于大量的常规小腔由大量的更小的通道连接。已发现,凭借由互连的均匀大小的腔和通道的网络组成的这种结构,结晶沸石能够接受(吸收)具有低于某一确定值的尺寸的分子同时抑制较大尺寸的分子,因此它们已经被称为“分子筛”。该特征结构也赋予它们催化性能,特别是某些类型的烃转化。
在目前商业实践中,在全世界使用的大多数FCC裂化催化剂由催化活性组分大孔沸石组成。常规的大孔分子筛包括沸石X、REX、沸石Y、超稳Y(USY)、稀土交换的Y(REY)、稀土交换的USY(REUSY)、脱铝Y(DeAl Y)、超疏水性Y(UHPY)和/或脱铝富硅沸石,如LZ-210。也使用ZSM-20、沸石L和天然生成的沸石诸如八面沸石、丝光沸石等。
除了大孔沸石之外,沸石的ZSM家族为熟知的并且其制备和性能已经广泛描述在烃的催化裂化中。例如,沸石的ZSM家族的一种类型为被称为ZSM-5的类型。被称为ZSM-5的结晶硅铝酸盐沸石特别描述于美国专利第3,702,886号,其公开内容在此通过引入并入。ZSM-5结晶铝硅酸盐的特征在于二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比率大于5并且更精确地在无水状态下通式为[0.9.+-.0.2M.2/nO∶Al2O3:>5SiO2],其中M具有化合价,n选自碱金属阳离子和有机铵阳离子的混合物,特别为钠和四烷基铵阳离子的混合物,其中的烷基优选含有2至5个碳原子。在以上环境中使用的术语“无水的”意指分子水未包括在式中。通常,ZSM-5沸石的SiO2与Al2O3的摩尔比率可广泛地变化。例如,ZSM-5沸石可不含铝,其中该ZSM-5由仅含铝杂质的二氧化硅的碱金属混合物形成。然而,不管沸石的铝含量,特征为ZSM-5的所有沸石将具有示于美国专利第3,702,886号的特征性X射线衍射图样。
β沸石为可用于烃的催化裂化的另一种沸石。β沸石通常为具有三维孔结构的富硅大孔沸石,并且由于其结构的特殊性所以具有酸催化性能和结构选择性并且还具有非常高的热稳定性(晶格的破坏温度高于1200℃)、水热稳定性和耐磨性能。由于其独特的结构特征,沸石β在一系列催化反应中具有良好的热稳定性和水热稳定性、耐酸性、抗结焦性能和催化活性。因此近年来新催化方法迅速地发展。
已经调整在FCC方法中使用的催化剂以在特定的烃转化方法中使其性能最大化。例如,已经将在烃转化方法中使用的催化剂组合物制成多功能催化剂,如双功能催化剂或三官能催化剂。双功能催化剂包括两种单独的催化剂,如具有不同组合物或结构类型的沸石,所述沸石诱导单独的反应。反应产物可以为分开的或两种催化剂可一起使用使得一种催化剂的反应产物被运送并在第二催化剂的催化位点上反应。另外,因为使用沸石催化剂的其中一个益处为所述催化剂为形状选择性的并且在沸石表面上的非选择性反应通常为不理想的,在烃转化方法中使用的沸石催化剂能够防止或至少减少不需要的反应,该反应可以通过在原料流中基于它们的尺寸或形状选择性地筛选分子发生在沸石催化剂的表面。因此,防止在原料流中存在的不想要的分子进入催化剂的孔并且反应。此外,如果催化剂基于它们的尺寸或形状选择性地筛分所需分子,那么沸石催化剂的性能有时可最大化以便防止分子离开催化剂的孔。
使用含有两种不同沸石的催化剂组合物的烃转化已在过去得到使用。例如,为了增加汽油级分的辛烷数目,将加入至沸石Y裂化催化中的含有大孔分子筛,诸如沸石Y,作为主要裂化组分和中孔沸石(诸如ZSM-5)的催化剂组合物通常用于常规方法用于将重烃原料催化裂化为汽油和馏出物级分。美国专利第3,758,403号公开了使用ZSM-5沸石和大孔沸石诸如沸石Y(1:10至3:1的比率)作为活性组分的催化剂。除了增强汽油的辛烷数目,该催化剂混合物提供了较高产率的C3和C4烯烃。
如由美国专利第5,279,726号和EP 559,646还已知的是形成两种不同硅铝酸盐的复合物,Y沸石和沸石β,用于烃的裂化。在美国专利第5,279,726号中,公开了对汽油具有高活性和选择性的加氢裂化催化剂,其包括在包含沸石β和Y沸石的催化剂载体上的氢化组分。此外,美国专利第5,536,687号涉及使用含有由无定形粘合剂材料诸如氧化铝结合的沸石β和沸石Y的晶体的加氢裂化方法。
此外,CN 1103105A和EP-2-075-068A1描述了在烃的裂解中包含三种不同沸石的催化剂组合物的用途。CN 1103105A公开了能够得到比不含催化剂高收率的异丁烯和异戊烯的裂化催化剂并且可共生产高辛烷水平的汽油。在CN 1103105A中描述的催化剂的组分和含量如下:(1)硅:铝的比率为20-100的5-25重量的改性的HZSM-5;(2)硅:铝比率为250-450的1-5重量%的高硅HZSM;(3)5-20重量%的USY沸石;(4)1-5重量%的β沸石;(5)30-60重量%的天然粘土;和(6)15-30重量%的无机氧化物。EP-2-075-068A1描述了如下具有沸石混合物的催化剂组合物:(1)用磷和过渡金属改性的1-75重量%的沸石β;(2)具有MFI结构的25-99重量%的沸石,诸如ZSM-5;和(3)0-74重量%的大孔沸石,诸如Y沸石。
为了增加烃裂化方法期间轻烯烃的产率,已经使用了具有添加磷的沸石裂化催化剂。WO 98/41595公开了向常规的大孔分子筛的裂化催化剂中加入含磷、中孔沸石,诸如ZSM-5,增加了烃原料的催化裂化中C3至C5烯烃的产率而没有显著损失中孔添加剂的老化特性。因此,在催化裂化中C4和C5烯烃的产率可以通过将含磷中孔沸石,诸如ZSM-5加入至常规的沸石Y裂化催化剂中增强。
将磷掺入中孔沸石方便地通过描述于美国专利第4,356,338号、第5,110,776号和第5,231,064号的方法方便地实现。含磷化合物的处理可容易地通过使沸石单独或与具有合适的磷化合物的溶液的粘合剂或基质材料组合,然后干燥并煅烧以将磷转变成它的氧化物形式来实现。
尽管使用沸石Y、β沸石和ZSM-5的各种组合的目前的FCC方法为将重质原料转化成轻质产物的有效方法,但是该方法多次制备低于所需量的轻烯烃像丙烯。预期聚丙烯市场的生长驱动丙烯的需求以及需要经由对丙烯比现有技术催化剂组合物更具有选择性的FCC方法的生产丙烯的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的为研发与现有技术的石化FCC催化剂体系相比导致丙烯产率显著增加的石化流体催化裂化催化剂共混物。本发明补充有已知的Y沸石和ZSM-5(具有含有β沸石的另外的添加剂)的共混物。
发明详述
本发明的目的为研发与现有技术的石化FCC催化剂体系相比导致丙烯产率显著增加的石化FCC催化剂系统。目前的石化催化剂系统通常由大孔催化剂,诸如Y沸石基的FCC催化剂和添加剂沸石,诸如ZSM-5组成的混合物。本发明提出了用含有β沸石的另外的添加剂补充目前的催化剂共混物。
为了实现丙烯产率的所需增加,本发明提供了催化剂共混物,其包括,基于催化剂共混物的总重量,5-50重量%的沸石Y、5-40重量%的ZSM-5和35-70%的β催化剂。在另一实施方案中,催化剂组合物包含25-30重量%的沸石Y、15-20重量%的ZSM-5和50-60%β的催化剂。对于每个沸石的重量百分比,如上文和以下当即表示的,包括所附权利要求,涉及活性沸石组分和任何基质、粘合剂或添加剂组分。
FCC催化剂通常为催化活性的大孔沸石组分和含有其它沸石的添加剂的共混物。大孔裂化催化剂具有有效直径大于约7埃的孔径。常规的大孔分子筛包括沸石X(美国专利第2,882,442号);REX;沸石Y(美国专利第3,130,007号);超稳Y(USY)(美国专利第3,449,070号);稀土交换的Y(REY)(美国专利第4,415,438号);稀土交换的USY(REUSY);脱铝Y(DeAl Y)(美国专利第3,442,792号和第4,331,694号);超疏水性Y(UHPY)(美国专利第4,401,556号);和/或脱铝富硅沸石,如LZ-210(美国专利第4,678,765号)。通常优选较高二氧化硅形式的沸石Y。ZSM-20(美国专利第3,972,983号)和沸石L(美国专利第3,216,789号和第4,701,315号);以及也可以使用天然生成的沸石诸如八面沸石、丝光沸石等(以上括号中的所有专利通过引入并入)。可以对这些材料进行常规处理,诸如浸渍或用稀土进行离子交换以增加稳定性。在目前的商业实践中,大多数裂化催化剂含有这些大孔分子筛。
其它大孔结晶分子筛包括柱状硅酸盐和/或粘土;磷酸铝,如AlPO4-5、AlPO4-8、VPI-5;硅磷酸铝,如,SAPO-5、SAPO-37、SAPO-40、MCM-9和其它金属磷酸铝。用作分子筛的中孔晶体材料包括MCM-41。这些不同地描述于美国专利第4,310,440号、第4,440,871号、第4,554,143号、第4,567,029号、第4,666,875号、第4,742,033号、第4,880,611号、第4,859,314号、第4,791,083号、第5,102,643号和第5,098,684号,每个通过引用并入本文。
上面所列出的那些优选的分子筛为沸石Y,更优选为REY、USY或REUSY。通常,将沸石Y掺入如本领域熟知的无定形粘合剂。合适的粘合剂包括氧化硅、氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化铝、粘土或其它已知的无机粘合剂。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,可以通过描述于美国专利第4,493,902号的原位方法将沸石Y制成高沸石含量的微球,其教义通过交叉引用并入本文。该‘902专利公开了新型流体裂化催化剂,其包含抗磨损性、高沸石含量、含有大于约40%、优选50-70重量%的Y八面沸石的催化活性微球以及通过在多孔微球中结晶大于约40%的钠Y沸石制备此类催化剂的方法,所述多孔微球由偏高岭土(煅烧经历与脱羟基相关的强吸热反应的高岭土)和在比那些用于将高岭土转化成偏高岭土更严格的条件下煅烧的高岭土,即,煅烧经历特征性高岭土放热反应的高岭土,有时被称为尖晶石型煅烧高岭土,的混合物组成。也可以将含有两种形式的煅烧的高岭土的微球浸入碱性硅酸钠溶液,将该溶液加热,优选地直至可获得的最大量的Y八面沸石在微球中结晶。
在实施描述于’902专利的发明时,由煅烧经历放热反应的高岭土和偏高岭土组成的微球与碱性富集的硅酸钠溶液在存在结晶引发剂(种子)的情况下将在微球中的二氧化硅和氧化铝转化成合成的钠八面沸石(沸石Y)。将微球从硅酸钠母液中分离,与稀土、铵离子或两者进行离子交换以形成稀土或各种已知稳定形式的催化剂。’902专利的技术提供了用于实现与高活性、良好的选择性和热稳定性以及抗磨损性相关的高沸石含量所需的和独特的组合的方法。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,沸石Y可以产生为新型沸石微球,称为来自BASFCatalysts的催化剂,其公开于美国专利第6,656,347号。这些沸石微球为大孔的、具有足够水平的非常有效的沸石并且为独特形态以在短接触时间FCC方法下实现烃至具有改善的塔底油的裂化的汽油产物的有效转化。通过新型方法产生新型沸石微球,所述新型方法为在'902专利中描述的技术的改进。已发现,如果催化剂的非沸石、富氧化铝基质来源于具有使得90重量%的水合高岭土颗粒小于2微米的颗粒尺寸的超细的含水高岭土源,并且将其粉碎和通过放热煅烧,可产生大孔沸石微球。更一般地,可用于实现FCC催化剂大孔性的FCC催化剂基质来源于氧化铝源,诸如通过放热煅烧的高岭土,所述氧化铝源具有指定的水孔体积,这将区别于现有技术用于形成催化剂基质的煅烧的高岭土。水孔体积来源于初期浆料点(ISP)测试,其描述于专利中。
相对于先前形成的原位微球催化剂,微球催化剂的形态为独特的。使用粉碎的、通过放热煅烧的超细的含水高岭土获得具有大孔结构的原位沸石微球,其中所述结构的大孔基本上用沸石涂覆或做内衬随后结晶。如本文定义的大孔性意指催化剂的大孔体积在为至少0.07cc/gm汞压,优选地至少0.10cc/gm汞压的600-20,000埃的孔径范围内。新型催化剂对FCC方法为最佳的,包括短接触时间方法,其中烃进料与催化剂接触约3秒或更少的时段。
在最广泛的意义上,如描述于美国专利第6,656,347号的不限于具有仅来源于高岭土的非沸石基质的大孔催化剂。因此,可以使用在沸石合成期间具有孔隙率和反应性的适当的组合并且可产生所期望的催化剂的大孔性和形态的任何氧化铝源。所期望的形态包括很好地分散于整个催化剂的基质,并且基质的大孔壁排有沸石并且基本上不含粘合剂涂层。因此,不仅催化剂的大孔表面积大大改善于先前的催化剂而且活性基质分散于整个微球,沸石晶体容易取得烃原料。尽管不希望受任何操作理论的束缚,其中沸石通过物理混合和胶粘粘合剂掺入至基质的先前的催化剂似乎具有足够的大孔,但是粘合剂涂覆活性沸石催化剂从而阻断至其的可接近性。微球催化剂具有由于基质的大孔性和增强的分散而允许快速扩散至催化剂的形态并且因为沸石被自由地涂覆在所述孔的壁上还提供至沸石的最高的可进入性。术语“自由地”意指沸石相存在于基质的表面并且未受任何粘合剂相的阻碍。仅具有大孔性不能提供已经获得的结果,因为常规引入的催化剂具有类似的大孔性。因此,多孔性和沸石涂覆的大孔壁的组合产生令人惊奇的选择性结果。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,沸石Y为在多孔高岭土基质中原位结晶的稀土交换的Y沸石。在本发明的另一实施方案中,沸石Y含有高达12%的离子交换至Y沸石的稀土元素。
对于本发明,ZSM-5与Y沸石混合。基于ZSM-5的独特的孔结构,可以将该沸石以催化剂材料广泛应用于各种方法。沸石ZSM-5已经在包括芳族化合物,着重于具有单碳环的那些,的反应中示出为特别有用的催化剂。因此,ZSM-5在烯烃、环烷烃、醇、醚和烷烃转化为芳族化合物和在诸如异构化、烷基化、脱烷基化和芳族化合物烷基转移的反应中显示出独特的选择性。芳族转化反应的有利影响也见于ZSM-5的形式,其中另一金属在对铝的同构取代中出现,如美国专利第4,163,028号描述。ZSM-5也被广泛地用于在催化裂解和催化脱蜡。当将ZSM-5用于石油的催化裂化时,实现汽油辛烷的提高。因此,ZSM-5已被用作至其它裂化催化剂的添加剂,如沸石Y,以改善汽油辛烷和LPG收率。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,将ZSM-5沸石添加剂以单独的微球制备并含有磷稳定的ZSM-5沸石、氧化铝和与磷酸结合的高岭土。
可以使用含磷化合物修饰ZSM-5。可以使用具有能够与氢离子反应的共价或离子组分的任何含磷化合物,诸如,例如,磷酸、膦和亚磷酸酯。合适的含磷化合物包括由PX3、RPX2、R2PX、R3P、R3P=O、RPO2、RP(O)(OX)2、R2P(O)OX、RP(OX)2、ROP(OX)2和(RO)2POP(OR)2表示的基团的衍生物,其中R为烷基或苯基并且X为氢、R或卤化物。这些化合物包括伯,RPH2,仲,R2PH和叔,R3P,膦诸如丁基膦;叔膦氧化物,R3PO,诸如三丁基膦氧化物;伯RP(O)(OX)2和仲R2P(O)OX,膦酸诸如苯膦酸;膦酸的酯诸如膦酸二乙酯,(RO)2P(O)H,烷基膦酸二烷基酯,(RO)2P(O)R和膦酸二烷基烷基酯,(RO)P(O)R2;亚膦酸(phosphinous acids),R2POX,诸如二乙基亚磷酸,伯(RO)P(OX)2,仲,(RO)2POX和叔,(RO)3P,亚磷酸盐;及它们的酯诸如单丙酯、烷基二烷基亚膦酸酯(alkyldialkyl phosphinites),(RO)PR2和二烷基烷基亚膦酸酯(dialkyl alkyphosphinite),(RO)2PR酯。亚磷酸酯的实例包括亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三乙酯、亚磷酸二异丙酯、亚磷酸丁酯;和焦磷酸(pyrophospites)诸如焦磷酸四乙基酯(tetraethylpyrophosphite)。在提及化合物中的烷基含有1至4个碳原子。
其它合适的含磷化合物包括卤化磷诸如三氯化磷、溴化物和碘化物、二氯代磷酸烷基酯(alkyl phosphorodichloridites)、(RO)PCl2、氯代磷酸二烷基酯、(RO)2PX、氯代膦酸二烷基酯(dialkylphosphinochloroidites),R2PCl,烷基氯代膦酸烷基酯(alkylalkylphosphonochloridates),(RO)(R)P(O)Cl,二烷基膦基氯(dialkylphosphinochloridates),R2P(O)Cl。
优选的含磷化合物包括磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵或多磷酸铵、三甲基亚磷酸酯和三氯化磷。
据信能够与氢离子反应的含磷化合物的组分与初始沸石的氢反应。这将表明磷可以化学键合至沸石的晶体结构因为含磷沸石可在高温下使用更长的时段而不损失磷。此外,磷不可能以晶体框架组分存在,即,它未被取代为硅或铝原子,因为沸石的晶胞尺寸没有在掺入磷原子时改变。
将磷掺入沸石提供了具有作为催化剂的独特性能的组合物。沸石具有强酸性位点。在另一方面,含磷沸石不具有这些强酸性位点。含磷沸石具有比亲本沸石更多的酸位点但是这些位点似乎比亲本沸石中发现的那些具有更小的酸强度。据信用更多的相对弱酸位点明显替换强酸位点可能为含磷沸石的独特的催化性能的原因。
沸石与含磷化合物的反应通过接触而生效。如果含磷化合物为液体,那么所述化合物可在溶剂中的溶液与沸石接触时生效。可以使用对于含磷化合物和沸石为相对惰性的任何溶剂。合适的溶剂包括脂族、芳族或酒精液体。如果含磷化合物为亚磷酸三甲酯或液体三氯化磷,那么可以使用诸如正辛烷的烃类溶剂。所述含磷化合物可以在不含溶剂时使用,即可以用作纯液体。如果含磷化合物在气相中,诸如如果使用气态三氯化磷,那么含磷化合物可单独使用或与可用对含磷化合物和沸石相对惰性的气态稀释剂诸如空气或氮气混合使用。
优选地,在沸石与含磷化合物反应之前,沸石为干燥的。干燥可以在存在空气的情况下进行。可以使用升高的温度。然而,该温度不应使得,如下文描述,沸石的晶体结构被破坏。
也优选在制备之后且使用之前加热含磷催化剂。加热可在存在氧,例如空气的情况下进行。加热可在约150℃温度下进行。然而,优选高温,即高达约500℃。加热可进行1-24小时。已经发现加热增加了含磷沸石的催化效率可能是由于酸位点数目的增加而不是现有酸位点强度的增加。升高加热温度增加了催化效率。然而,尽管可使用高于约500℃的加热温度,但是它们不是必需的。在约1000℃的温度下,沸石的晶体结构被破坏。
掺入含磷沸石的晶体结构的磷的量应为至少0.1重量%。对于该磷的量,用增加弱酸位点的数目替换沸石的足够比例的强酸位点来进行的。为了达到这点,优选的是含磷沸石中磷的量为至少约0.5重量%。磷的量可高达10重量%,尽管在催化活性中可发生这些较高量的下降。
此外,对于一般归于至其的任何功能,以上描述的大孔分子筛催化剂组分也可以包括磷或磷化合物。
如以上所讨论,以汽油产率为代价,ZSM-5选择性地裂化汽油范围内的脂族分子以形成另外的轻质烯烃。然而使用含磷ZSM-5作为FCC添加剂可降低汽油产率损失并且仍然有效地提高轻质烯烃产率。当使用含磷ZSM-5作为添加剂时,由于其更温和的酸强度,所以2-甲基-丁烯和正丁烯的产率为增加。在另一方面,由于其高的酸强度,未处理的ZSM-5将进一步裂化这些C5和C4烯烃。因此,当将含磷ZSM-5沸石用作添加剂裂化催化剂时,2-甲基-丁烯、正丁烯和汽油的产率比使用相应的未处理的ZSM-5作为添加剂得到改善。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,ZSM-5沸石与Y沸石共混,其中根据美国专利第7,375,048号制备ZSM-5沸石添加剂。根据‘048专利,将高固体高岭土浆料与含有ZSM-5,高表面积氧化铝(拟薄水铝石型)和低表面积氧化铝或类似的高密度、非反应性的无机材料的浆料混合。将混合的浆料泵至邻近喷雾干燥器的雾化器的静态混合物中。然后将磷酸注入分散的高固体混合的高岭土浆料并且将注入的酸浆料在喷雾干燥器中雾化成液滴。该方法提供了具有良好的高岭土颗粒间粘合和优异的物理和化学性能的微球。此外,微球可含有至少30重量%的ZSM-5并且由于加入了惰性氧化铝或其它高密度、惰性无机材料,所述微球具有高耐磨性。
对于本发明,将β沸石加入至Y沸石和ZSM-5沸石的共混物。β沸石为晶体沸石,其组合物和X射线粉末衍射分析公开于美国专利再公告第28,341号,在此通过引用全文并入。该沸石为孔尺寸大于7.0埃并且约束指数低于2的大孔沸石。通常,将β沸石制备成二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比率(SiO2/Al2O3)至少为10的铝硅酸盐沸石。也可以制备成较高二氧化硅与氧化铝摩尔比率,如500:1或更高,尽管此类材料可能具有很少或无沸石性能,应理解在本发明中术语“β沸石”意在涵盖此类材料。
β沸石通常由含有模板剂的反应混合物合成。将模板剂用于合成β沸石的用途在本领域为公知的。例如,美国专利第3,308,069号和再公告第28,341号描述了使用四乙基氢氧化铵和美国专利第5,139,759号描述了使用衍生自相应的四乙基卤化铵的四乙基铵离子,其在此通过引用整体并入本文。制备β沸石的另一标准方法描述在标题为VerifiedSynthesis of Zeolitic Materials的书中,由H.Robson(编辑)和K.P.Lillerud(XRD谱图),第二修订版,ISBN 0-444-50703-5,Elsevier,2001.据信特定模板剂的选择对于本文公开的方法的成功与否不是至关重要的。在一个实施方案中,将β沸石在空气中于500-700℃的温度下煅烧足以从β沸石中除去模板剂的一段时间。除去模板剂的煅烧可在β沸石与载体和/或氢化组分组合之前或之后进行。虽然据信模板剂可在高于700℃的煅烧温度下除去。但是非常高的煅烧温度可显著降低β沸石的SF6吸附容量。因此据信当制备用于本文公开的方法的β沸石时,应避免煅烧温度高于用于除去模板剂的750℃。β沸石的SF6吸附容量至少为28重量%对本文公开的方法至关重要。
然而,β沸石的无模板合成已证明于美国公开申请第US2010/0322847号,BASF。在本发明的另一实施方案中,用于本发明的β沸石添加剂以类似于ZSM-5添加剂的方式并根据美国专利第7,375,048号制备。
在本发明的又另一实施方案中,所述β沸石的形式为二氧化硅/氧化铝比率大于10,进一步例如二氧化硅/氧化铝比率大于35的H-β。H-β沸石的二氧化硅/氧化铝比率也可大于100。
本发明中β沸石与磷的稳定化可以通过β沸石与磷酸的直接反应或在喷雾干燥方法期间经由直接注射将磷酸掺入至添加剂获得。也可使用按照早先针对ZSM-5添加剂描述的磷酸氢铵或多磷酸。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,β沸石的磷水平为1至7%的P2O5。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,β沸石的磷水平为3至5%的P2O5。在β添加剂的喷雾干燥期间经由直列喷射加入磷酸需要优选的总磷水平为10至15%的P2O5,更优选水平为12-13%的P2O5。
发明的另一实施方案中,Y沸石为(在多孔高岭土基质原位结晶的稀土交换的Y沸石)并且按以上描述与含有ZSM-5沸石的添加剂混合。将以上描述的含有β沸石的单独的催化剂颗粒添加剂加入至催化剂共混物中。
实施例1
在蒸汽失活(在1500°F和100%蒸汽下15-24小时)之后,在ACETM上使用由RelianceIndustries提供的链烷烃进料已经对具有低稀土交换的和ZSM-5添加剂的β添加剂的共混物进行评估。由于其低的固有氢化物转移能力,所以β沸石具有制备烯烃的高倾向性。这可在裂化反应中异丁烯至异丁烷的高水平中观察到。因此,最大的丙烯产率的混合比率基于比多的β添加剂和比ZSM-5添加剂多的此类制剂将为50-60%的β添加剂、25-30%1%和15-20%的ZSM-5添加剂。此类制剂获得比现有技术的Petrochemical FCC催化剂高1.5-2.5%的丙烯产率。
将单点催化剂/油裂化在八个共混物的ACE上进行:四个使用50%的β催化剂以及四个使用60%的β催化剂。然后改变ZSM-5和的量以制备共混物的平衡。表1给出了在C/O为10.26下的混合比率和转换率以及丙烯产率。
表1
从表1中可以看出共混物C、D和F具有最高的丙烯收率和可接受的活性。
实施例2
制备由60%的β添加剂、25%1%REO Naphthamax和15%的ZSM-5添加剂的共混物组成的催化剂组合物。将该催化剂组合物的丙烯产率与现有技术中含有23.5%的ZSM-5添加剂和76.5%1%REO Naphthamax的的Petrochemical FCC催化剂进行比较。使用Reliance进料的ACE测试得到丙烯产率增加超过2%。
Claims (20)
1.一种烃转化催化剂,其包含,基于所述催化剂的总重量,以下组分的共混物:
(a)5至50重量%的Y沸石;
(b)5至40重量%的ZSM-5沸石;和
(c)35至70重量%的β沸石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中所述Y沸石为包含在含多孔氧化铝的基质的表面上结晶成层的Y沸石的大孔的沸石,所述沸石层的基质排列成提供大孔的组态,其中在所述大孔的壁上提供所述沸石层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中所述Y沸石含有高达12%的离子交换至所述Y沸石上的稀土元素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中每个ZSM-5、所述β沸石和所述Y沸石为单独的微球。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中所述ZSM-5添加剂含有与含磷化合物结合在一起的磷稳定的ZSM-5沸石、氧化铝和高岭土。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中所述β沸石为二氧化硅/氧化铝比率大于10的H-β。
7.根据权利要求6所述的催化剂,其中所述β沸石的二氧化硅/氧化铝比率大于100。
8.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中将所述β沸石用含磷化合物改性。
9.根据权利要求8所述的催化剂,其中所述β沸石具有1-7%P2O5的磷水平。
10.根据权利要求9所述催化剂,其中所述磷水平为3-5%P2O5之间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中所述催化剂包含25-30重量%的沸石Y、15-20重量%的ZSM-5和50-60%的β沸石。
12.一种烃转化催化剂,其包括以下组分的共混物:
(a)Y沸石,其中所述Y沸石为包含在含多孔氧化铝的基质的所述表面上结晶成层的Y沸石的大孔的沸石,所述沸石层的基质排列成提供大孔的组态,其中在所述大孔的壁上提供所述沸石层;
(b)ZSM-5沸石;和
(c)β沸石。
13.根据权利要求12所述的催化剂,其中所述催化剂包含5-50重量%的Y沸石、5-40重量%的ZSM-5和35-70%的β沸石。
14.根据权利要求12所述的催化剂,其中所述催化剂包含25-30重量%的沸石Y、15-20重量%的ZSM-5和50-60%的β沸石。
15.根据权利要求12所述的催化剂,其中所述ZSM-5沸石为与含磷化合物结合在一起的磷稳定的ZSM-5沸石、氧化铝和高岭土。
16.根据权利要求15所述的催化剂,其中所述Y沸石含有1%或更少的离子交换至所述Y沸石上的稀土元素。
17.根据权利要求15所述的催化剂,其中所述β沸石为二氧化硅/氧化铝比率大于100的H-β。
18.根据权利要求15所述的催化剂,其中将所述β沸石用含磷化合物改性。
19.丙烯的改进生产方法,其中包括在流体催化裂化条件下使用权利要求1的催化剂裂化烃原料。
20.丙烯的改进生产方法,其中包括在流体催化裂化条件下使用权利要求15的催化剂裂化烃原料。
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- 2012-09-13 CN CN201710958422.3A patent/CN107670688A/zh active Pending
- 2012-09-13 MX MX2014002923A patent/MX342783B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-13 CA CA2845414A patent/CA2845414A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-13 EP EP12884592.2A patent/EP2755763A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-13 BR BR112014005898A patent/BR112014005898A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-09-13 JP JP2015531895A patent/JP6133989B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-13 KR KR1020147009378A patent/KR20140090597A/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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EP2755763A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2015533639A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
CA2845414A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
CN103945940A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
KR20140090597A (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
MX342783B (es) | 2016-10-12 |
JP6133989B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
MX2014002923A (es) | 2014-10-01 |
US9227181B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
EP2755763A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
BR112014005898A2 (pt) | 2017-04-04 |
US20130066131A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
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