CN107652670A - 一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107652670A CN107652670A CN201710787086.0A CN201710787086A CN107652670A CN 107652670 A CN107652670 A CN 107652670A CN 201710787086 A CN201710787086 A CN 201710787086A CN 107652670 A CN107652670 A CN 107652670A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide film
- toughening type
- top layer
- way stretching
- impact modifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/49—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using two or more extruders to feed one die or nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
- B29C55/16—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2451/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2451/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2477/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710787086.0A CN107652670B (zh) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | 一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710787086.0A CN107652670B (zh) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | 一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107652670A true CN107652670A (zh) | 2018-02-02 |
CN107652670B CN107652670B (zh) | 2020-11-27 |
Family
ID=61129100
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710787086.0A Active CN107652670B (zh) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | 一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107652670B (zh) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108467585A (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-31 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 氧化式生物降解双向拉伸生物基尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN109825076A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种低吸水率、高消光的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN110356021A (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-22 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种高强度双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及制备方法 |
CN110408198A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种高尺寸稳定性低透湿聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN110429210A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-08 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种锂电池软包装用的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备工艺 |
CN111284096A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-16 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种具有提高印刷复合效果的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN111590992A (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种耐高温易剥离双向拉伸尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN111892812A (zh) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-06 | 昆山运融新材料科技有限公司 | 一种长效稳定型超爽滑尼龙薄膜的制作方法 |
CN112143220A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-29 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种高爽滑聚酰胺母粒、聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN112226076A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-15 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种超高爽滑聚酰胺母粒、聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN112405935A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 锂离子电池用哑光黑色聚酰胺薄膜及其黑色母粒和制备方法 |
CN113103705A (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种低收缩率双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN114193887A (zh) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-03-18 | 宁波瑞成包装材料有限公司 | 一种防水耐热bopa薄膜的生产方法 |
CN114555362A (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2022-05-27 | 克里奥瓦克公司 | 含有多层膜的弹性体及制造方法 |
CN114773711A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 厦门金沐实业有限公司 | 一种抗穿刺pe薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN115093698A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种高透明抗粘连的双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010167652A (ja) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-08-05 | Kohjin Co Ltd | 水蒸気及びアルコール透過性に優れたポリアミド系積層フィルム |
CN102615905A (zh) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-08-01 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 双向拉伸纳米尼龙薄膜及其制作方法 |
CN105328959A (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-02-17 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种可低温热封尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN106313827A (zh) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏裕兴薄膜科技股份有限公司 | 抗冲击改性聚酯薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN106750347A (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-05-31 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | 一种尼龙增韧剂及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2017
- 2017-09-04 CN CN201710787086.0A patent/CN107652670B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010167652A (ja) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-08-05 | Kohjin Co Ltd | 水蒸気及びアルコール透過性に優れたポリアミド系積層フィルム |
CN102615905A (zh) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-08-01 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 双向拉伸纳米尼龙薄膜及其制作方法 |
CN106313827A (zh) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏裕兴薄膜科技股份有限公司 | 抗冲击改性聚酯薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN105328959A (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-02-17 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种可低温热封尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN106750347A (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-05-31 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | 一种尼龙增韧剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108467585A (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-31 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 氧化式生物降解双向拉伸生物基尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN109825076A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种低吸水率、高消光的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN110356021A (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-22 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种高强度双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及制备方法 |
CN110429210A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-08 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种锂电池软包装用的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备工艺 |
CN110408198B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-01-04 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种高尺寸稳定性低透湿聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN110408198A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种高尺寸稳定性低透湿聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN111284096A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-16 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种具有提高印刷复合效果的聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN114555362A (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2022-05-27 | 克里奥瓦克公司 | 含有多层膜的弹性体及制造方法 |
CN111590992A (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种耐高温易剥离双向拉伸尼龙薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN111892812A (zh) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-06 | 昆山运融新材料科技有限公司 | 一种长效稳定型超爽滑尼龙薄膜的制作方法 |
CN112143220A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-29 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种高爽滑聚酰胺母粒、聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN112226076A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-15 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 一种超高爽滑聚酰胺母粒、聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN112405935A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 厦门长塑实业有限公司 | 锂离子电池用哑光黑色聚酰胺薄膜及其黑色母粒和制备方法 |
CN113103705A (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种低收缩率双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN114193887A (zh) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-03-18 | 宁波瑞成包装材料有限公司 | 一种防水耐热bopa薄膜的生产方法 |
CN114773711A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 厦门金沐实业有限公司 | 一种抗穿刺pe薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN115093698A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 昆山运城塑业有限公司 | 一种高透明抗粘连的双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107652670B (zh) | 2020-11-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107652670A (zh) | 一种增韧型双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜及其制备方法 | |
EP2483350B1 (en) | Multi-layered article | |
Shields et al. | Oxygen permeability analysis of microfibril reinforced composites from PE/PET blends | |
EP3331950B1 (en) | Compatible heterogeneous polymer blends | |
CN103524878A (zh) | 一种改性聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途 | |
US9084444B2 (en) | Disposable gloves and glove material compositions | |
CN106566210A (zh) | 生物可降解气泡膜及其制备方法 | |
CN101397383A (zh) | 高阻透改性药用pvc硬片及其制备方法 | |
EP2331321B1 (en) | Polyolefin composition | |
CN106494046B (zh) | 一种可完全降解的生物基热收缩膜 | |
CN113286703A (zh) | 各向异性薄聚乙烯片材及其应用以及制造其的方法 | |
CN112608552A (zh) | 高光泽度、低温韧性好的聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 | |
US6649103B1 (en) | Process for making multiphase polymeric film having a lamellar structure with controlled permeability and/or controlled mechanical properties | |
AU4401393A (en) | Multilayer laminates from blow moldable thermoplastic polyamide and polyvinyl alcohol resins | |
US5700412A (en) | Process for making laminar articles | |
KR20090053585A (ko) | 차단성이 향상된 폴리올레핀/나일론계 블렌드 수지 조성물 | |
CN106751338A (zh) | 一种低收缩、高热稳定性抗冲聚苯乙烯材料及其制备方法 | |
TWI644941B (zh) | 含有低量聚醯胺66共聚單體之聚醯胺6樹脂 | |
KR20160098206A (ko) | 파이프 및 와이어 및 케이블 응용을 위한 흑색 화합물의 제조에서의 카본블랙의 직접적인 공급 / 압력관 응용을 위한 개선된 특성을 갖는 중합체 조성물 | |
CN1668688A (zh) | 收缩薄膜 | |
CN107383571A (zh) | 环保抗皱收缩包装膜 | |
CN102729463A (zh) | 一种高透明尼龙复合薄膜的制备方法 | |
BR112021007731A2 (pt) | artigo moldado por sopro, e, processo para preparar um artigo. | |
WO1995012631A1 (en) | Multicomponent pellets of barrier resin and compatibilizer for making laminar articles | |
CN109572118B (zh) | 一种超低厚度pe/pa复合薄膜及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Lin Xintu Inventor after: Jia Lu Inventor after: Li Zhijia Inventor after: Chen Xi Inventor after: Li Zhiyao Inventor after: Liu Yunjin Inventor before: Lin Xinshi Inventor before: Jia Lu Inventor before: Li Zhijia Inventor before: Chen Xi Inventor before: Li Zhiyao Inventor before: Liu Yunjin |
|
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Lin Xintu Inventor after: Liu Yuejun Inventor after: Jia Lu Inventor after: Li Zhijia Inventor after: Chen Xi Inventor after: Li Zhiyao Inventor after: Liu Yunjin Inventor before: Lin Xintu Inventor before: Jia Lu Inventor before: Li Zhijia Inventor before: Chen Xi Inventor before: Li Zhiyao Inventor before: Liu Yunjin |
|
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20200703 Address after: 412008 No. 88 West Taishan Road, Tianyuan District, Hunan, Zhuzhou Applicant after: HUNAN University OF TECHNOLOGY Applicant after: XIAMEN CHANGSU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. Address before: 361000 268 Weng Weng Road, Haicang District, Fujian, Xiamen Applicant before: XIAMEN CHANGSU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |
|
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |