CN107624558A - A kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107624558A CN107624558A CN201710846466.7A CN201710846466A CN107624558A CN 107624558 A CN107624558 A CN 107624558A CN 201710846466 A CN201710846466 A CN 201710846466A CN 107624558 A CN107624558 A CN 107624558A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation, it is characterised in that including following aspect：（1）Seed treatment, bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed into preservation with Plant Powder, then bitter chrysanthemum seed is immersed in nutrient solution and carries out temperature swing storage；（2）Nurse young plants in hothouses, carragheen is added into nutrient solution, taken out after processing seed is immersed into 2 3min, sow to greenhouse seedbed and carry out nursery culture；（3）Planted area is set, and thermal insulation layer is set to greenhouse planted area, every 1 time/2h divulges information to internal layer, and is provided with illumination and temperature monitoring system；（4）Transplanting plantation, bitter chrysanthemum seedling is planted to chamber planting area, and adjust temperature, intensity of illumination and oxygen concentration；（5）Daily management, often sprayed 1 time using nutrient solution, and adjust day and night temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bitter chrysanthemum technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation.
Background technology
Bitter chrysanthemum, is a kind of composite family for being distributed in southern Europe and Nanjing of China 1 year or herbaceos perennial, and property happiness cools gas
Wait, tender leaf is edible, is eaten available for cold and dressed with sauce or cooking, has the effect of heat-clearing and fire-reducing with bitterness in sweet sweet tea during it is edible；
Bitter chrysanthemum belongs to sun plant, easily survives in the areas such as height above sea level 170-3200m hillside, rural area, has to soil such as sandy, clays
Stronger adaptability.Containing nutritional ingredients such as abundant trace element, vitamin, choline, tartaric acid in bitter chrysanthemum, and it contains
Some amino acid classes are complete, and long-term use of bitter chrysanthemum has the function that to strengthen immunity of organisms and cerebral function, and with rush
Enter to grow and the effect of heat-clearing and fire-reducing.Bitter chrysanthemum seed need to deposit 1-3 and could sow, and bud ratio and yield otherwise occurs
Low phenomenon, but seeds time length, seed easily goes mouldy and damaged by worms, and adds storage cost, can not meet
Planting requirement；Although bitter chrysanthemum is with stronger tolerance to cold, temperature can stop growing when being less than 5 DEG C, so in the cold winter
Ji Buneng carries out nature plantation, and uses chamber planting method, and its heating energy consumption is big, and planting cost is high, makes planting household be difficult to hold
By.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of existing：Bitter chrysanthemum seed need to deposit 1-3 and could sow, and bud ratio and production otherwise occurs
Low phenomenon is measured, but the seeds time is grown, seed easily goes mouldy and damaged by worms, and adds storage cost, Wu Faman
Sufficient planting requirement；Although bitter chrysanthemum is with stronger tolerance to cold, temperature can stop growing when being less than 5 DEG C, so in cold
Winter can not carry out nature plantation, and use chamber planting method, and its heating energy consumption is big, and planting cost is high, is difficult to planting household
Bear.To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation, including following aspect：
（1）Seed treatment：Bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed with Plant Powder and preserved 7-8 days at a temperature of being placed in 8-12 DEG C, is contained in Plant Powder
Ethene composition can promote seed afterripening, improve percentage of seedgermination, then bitter chrysanthemum seed immersed alternating temperature storage is carried out in nutrient solution
Hide, containing compositions such as abundant amino acid, vitamin and phytoestrogens in nutrient solution, seed nutritional can be improved and absorbed and degeneration-resistant
Sexuality, 5-6h is first preserved at a temperature of 1-3 DEG C, then 5-6h is preserved at a temperature of 14-16 DEG C, alternately and repeatedly carried out 4-5 times, become
Temperature processing can strengthen adaptability of the seed to low temperature, improve seed resistance ability, and processing seed is made；
（2）Nurse young plants in hothouses：Carragheen is added into nutrient solution, is taken out after processing seed is immersed into 2-3min, can be in the surface of the seed
Protection film layer is formed, improves after planting seed protective capacities and nutrient absorption, sows to greenhouse seedbed and carries out nursery culture, temperature
For 12-16 DEG C, intensity of illumination 710-740lux, 1 DEG C/4 days to 8-10 DEG C of cooling rate after budding, gradually cooling can promote seedling
To the adaptability of low temperature, bitter chrysanthemum seedling is obtained；
（3）Planted area is set：Thermal insulation layer is set to greenhouse planted area, bitter chrysanthemum is accomplished to be incubated, reduces non-used Space power sources damage
Consumption, inner layer heat-insulation film upper level is 0.7-1.0m, and surrounding thermal isolation film is consistent with planted area scope, and outer layer is at interval of 0.2-0.4m
One layer of thermal isolation film is set, and 3 layers altogether, every 1 time/2h divulges information to internal layer, and is provided with illumination and temperature monitoring system；
（4）Transplanting plantation：Bitter chrysanthemum seedling is planted to chamber planting area, and is colonized using nutrient solution, temperature is 12-16 DEG C, day
Light lamp intensity of illumination is 840-870lux, and oxygen volumetric concentration is 22%-24%, improves bitter chrysanthemum plant cell activity and metabolism
Effect, promotes it to low temperature environment adaptability；
（5）Daily management：Sprayed 1 time using nutrient solution per 4-5 days, after preceding 15 days diurnal temperatures are 3-5 DEG C, 15 days after transplanting
5-7 DEG C of day and night temperature, reduce energy resource consumption and planting cost.
Step（1）Described Plant Powder, wherein banana skin powder：Apple powder：Mango powder quality proportioning is 3-4:1-2:1.
Step（1）Described nutrient solution, its compound method are：
Gumbo leaf 15-18 parts, maize peel 11-14 parts, Fresh Cucumber Juice 9-12 parts, pimiento 6-9 parts, granulated sugar are weighed according to quality meter part
Orange juice 4-6 parts, moyashi 5-7 parts, spinach 3-6 parts, mulberries 2-5 parts, preparation raw material is pulverized and mixed and adds its gross mass 8-10
Water again, water quality 2%-3% mix bacterium agent is added after first milling repeatedly 2 times, ferment 20-24h at a temperature of 25-28 DEG C, mistake
The 1/6 of original volume is concentrated into after filter, nutrient solution is made；Described mix bacterium agent, wherein saccharomycete：Lactic acid bacteria：Hay bacillus matter
Amount proportioning is 2-3:1:1-2.
Step（2）Described carragheen, its addition are the 3%-4% of nutrient solution quality.
Step（3）Described thermal insulation layer, its material are Double-layered transparent thermal isolation film, and intermediate layer is hollow, and filled with nitrogen.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：Method for treating seeds, first bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed with Plant Powder,
Wherein containing abundant ethene is contained in the compositions such as banana skin, apple powder, bitter chrysanthemum seed afterripening can be promoted, and absorb Plant Powder
Middle vegetable acid and vitamins and other nutritious components；Seed is immersed in nutrient solution and carries out cooling processing, fermented processing nutrient solution
In containing compositions such as abundant amino acid, vitamin, phytoestrogens and alkaloids, the nutrient absorption of bitter chrysanthemum seed and anti-can be improved
Inverse sexuality, yield and the speed of growth are improved, and use intermittent warming method, adaptability of the seed to low temperature can be strengthened, carried
High seed resistance ability.Nurse young plants in hothouses, carragheen is added into nutrient solution and then is soaked seed, can be formed and protected in the surface of the seed
Film, after planting seed protective capacities and nutrient absorption are improved, the injury of pathogenic bacteria and low temperature to seed can be reduced, improved seed and go out
Bud rate, and by gradually reducing nursery temperature, seedling is adapted to relative low temperature environment, environment temperature in bitter chrysanthemum chamber planting can be reduced
Degree, reduce planting cost.Growing area is set, and is used three layers of thermal isolation film to growing area, bitter chrysanthemum is accomplished to be incubated, and reduce non-used
Space power sources are lost, and can effectively reduce winter bitter chrysanthemum planting cost, thermal isolation film has preferable translucency using transparent material, right
External environmental light shines into row and effectively utilized, and inert nitrogen is filled among thermal isolation film, can reduce heat transfer and play insulation
Effect, bitter chrysanthemum growth and cost can be promoted to reduce.Method for planting is transplanted, to using low temperature oxygen environment to train after bitter chrysanthemum seedling replanting
Support, planting cost can be reduced using low temperature in the case of bitter chrysanthemum normal growth is ensured, and elevated oxygen level can improve plant cell work
Property and metabolism, promote bitter chrysanthemum seedling preferably adapt to low temperature environment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation, including following aspect：
（1）Seed treatment：Bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed with Plant Powder and preserved 7 days at a temperature of being placed in 9 DEG C, the ethene contained in Plant Powder
Composition can promote seed afterripening, improve percentage of seedgermination, then immerse in nutrient solution bitter chrysanthemum seed and carry out temperature swing storage, nutrition
Containing compositions such as abundant amino acid, vitamin and phytoestrogens in liquid, seed nutritional absorption and resistance ability can be improved,
5.5h is first preserved at a temperature of 1.5 DEG C, then 5.5h is preserved at a temperature of 15 DEG C, alternately and repeatedly carries out 4 times, seed can be strengthened to low
The adaptability of temperature, seed resistance ability is improved, processing seed is made；
（2）Nurse young plants in hothouses：Carragheen is added into nutrient solution, is taken out after processing seed is immersed into 2min, can be in the surface of the seed shape
Into protection film layer, after planting seed protective capacities and nutrient absorption are improved, sows to greenhouse seedbed and carries out nursery culture, temperature is
13 DEG C, intensity of illumination 720lux, cooling rate 1 DEG C/4 days to 8.5 DEG C after budding, gradually cooling can promote seedling to fit low temperature
Should be able to power, obtain bitter chrysanthemum seedling；
（3）Planted area is set：Thermal insulation layer is set to greenhouse planted area, bitter chrysanthemum is accomplished to be incubated, reduces non-used Space power sources damage
Consumption, inner layer heat-insulation film upper level is 0.8m, and surrounding thermal isolation film is consistent with planted area scope, and outer layer sets one at interval of 0.25m
Layer thermal isolation film, 3 layers altogether, every 1 time/2h divulges information to internal layer, and is provided with illumination and temperature monitoring system；
（4）Transplanting plantation：Bitter chrysanthemum seedling is planted to chamber planting area, and is colonized using nutrient solution, temperature is 13 DEG C, fluorescent lamp
Intensity of illumination is 850lux, and oxygen volumetric concentration is 22.3%, improves bitter chrysanthemum plant cell activity and metabolism, promotes
It is to low temperature environment adaptability；
（5）Daily management：Sprayed 1 time using nutrient solution within every 4 days, preceding 15 days diurnal temperatures are daytime after 3.5 DEG C, 15 days after transplanting
5.5 DEG C of the night temperature difference, reduce energy resource consumption and planting cost.
Step（1）Described Plant Powder, wherein banana skin powder：Apple powder：Mango powder quality proportioning is 3:1:1.
Step（1）Described nutrient solution, its compound method are：
According to quality meter part weigh 16 parts of gumbo leaf, 12 parts of maize peel, 10 parts of Fresh Cucumber Juice, 7 parts of pimiento, 4.5 parts of granulated sugar orange juice,
5.5 parts of moyashi, 4 parts of spinach, 3 parts of mulberries, preparation raw material is pulverized and mixed to the water for adding 8.5 times of its gross mass, first ground repeatedly
The mix bacterium agent of water quality 2.3% is added after grinding 2 times, fermented 21h at a temperature of 26 DEG C, and the 1/6 of original volume is concentrated into after filtering,
Nutrient solution is made；Described mix bacterium agent, wherein saccharomycete：Lactic acid bacteria：Hay bacillus quality proportioning is 2:1:1.
Step（2）Described carragheen, its addition are the 3.2% of nutrient solution quality.
Step（3）Described thermal insulation layer, its material are Double-layered transparent thermal isolation film, and intermediate layer is hollow, and filled with nitrogen.
Embodiment 2：
（1）Seed treatment：Bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed with Plant Powder and preserved 8 days at a temperature of being placed in 11 DEG C, the second contained in Plant Powder
Alkene composition can promote seed afterripening, improve percentage of seedgermination, then immerse in nutrient solution bitter chrysanthemum seed and carry out temperature swing storage, seek
Containing compositions such as abundant amino acid, vitamin and phytoestrogens in nutrient solution, seed nutritional absorption and anti-adversity can be improved
Power, 6h is first preserved at a temperature of 2.5 DEG C, then 6h is preserved at a temperature of 15 DEG C, alternately and repeatedly carried out 5 times, seed can be strengthened to low
The adaptability of temperature, seed resistance ability is improved, processing seed is made；
（2）Nurse young plants in hothouses：Carragheen is added into nutrient solution, is taken out after processing seed is immersed into 3min, can be in the surface of the seed shape
Into protection film layer, after planting seed protective capacities and nutrient absorption are improved, sows to greenhouse seedbed and carries out nursery culture, temperature is
15 DEG C, intensity of illumination 730lux, cooling rate 1 DEG C/4 days to 9.5 DEG C after budding, gradually cooling can promote seedling to fit low temperature
Should be able to power, obtain bitter chrysanthemum seedling；
（3）Planted area is set：Thermal insulation layer is set to greenhouse planted area, bitter chrysanthemum is accomplished to be incubated, reduces non-used Space power sources damage
Consumption, inner layer heat-insulation film upper level is 0.9m, and surrounding thermal isolation film is consistent with planted area scope, and outer layer sets one at interval of 0.35m
Layer thermal isolation film, 3 layers altogether, every 1 time/2h divulges information to internal layer, and is provided with illumination and temperature monitoring system；
（4）Transplanting plantation：Bitter chrysanthemum seedling is planted to chamber planting area, and is colonized using nutrient solution, temperature is 15 DEG C, fluorescent lamp
Intensity of illumination is 860lux, and oxygen volumetric concentration is 23.5%, improves bitter chrysanthemum plant cell activity and metabolism, promotes
It is to low temperature environment adaptability；
（5）Daily management：Sprayed 1 time using nutrient solution per 4-5 days, after preceding 15 days diurnal temperatures are 4.5 DEG C, 15 days after transplanting
6.5 DEG C of day and night temperature, reduce energy resource consumption and planting cost.
Step（1）Described Plant Powder, wherein banana skin powder：Apple powder：Mango powder quality proportioning is 4:2:1.
Step（1）Described nutrient solution, its compound method are：
According to quality meter part weigh 17 parts of gumbo leaf, 13 parts of maize peel, 11 parts of Fresh Cucumber Juice, 8 parts of pimiento, 5.4 parts of granulated sugar orange juice,
6.5 parts of moyashi, 5 parts of spinach, 4 parts of mulberries, preparation raw material is pulverized and mixed to the water for adding 9.5 times of its gross mass, first ground repeatedly
The mix bacterium agent of water quality 2.8% is added after grinding 2 times, fermented 23h at a temperature of 27 DEG C, and the 1/6 of original volume is concentrated into after filtering,
Nutrient solution is made；Described mix bacterium agent, wherein saccharomycete：Lactic acid bacteria：Hay bacillus quality proportioning is 3:1:2.
Step（2）Described carragheen, its addition are the 3.7% of nutrient solution quality.
Step（3）Described thermal insulation layer, its material are Double-layered transparent thermal isolation film, and intermediate layer is hollow, and filled with nitrogen.
Contrast 1：
This contrast 1 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（1）Middle Plant Powder uses, and other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 2：
This contrast 2 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（1）Middle temperature swing storage, other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 3：
This contrast 3 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（2）Medium temperature chamber's nursery, other steps are same as Example 2.
Contrast 4：
This contrast 4 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（3）Middle thermal isolation film uses, and other steps are same as Example 2.
Contrast 5：
This contrast 5 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（4）Middle oxygen concentration, other steps are same as Example 2.
Control group：
Control group is 15-20 DEG C using greenhouse plantation bitter chrysanthemum, temperature, and Plant Powder, temperature swing storage is not used, nurses young plants in hothouses, is heat-insulated
Film and oxygen concentration.
It is used to embodiment 1, embodiment 2, contrast 1, contrast 2, contrast 3, contrast 4, contrast 5 and control group experimental program
Seed is new bitter chrysanthemum seed then, counts germination percentage, the speed of growth of bitter chrysanthemum（1 month）, cost reduce ratio（Relative comparison
Group）It is compared.
Experimental data：
| Project | Germination percentage % | Speed of growth cm | Cost reduces ratio % |
| Embodiment 1 | 92.56 | 6.7 | 37.4 |
| Embodiment 2 | 92.17 | 6.5 | 37.1 |
| Contrast 1 | 87.76 | 6.3 | 31.9 |
| Contrast 2 | 86.60 | 6.0 | 26.8 |
| Contrast 3 | 88.71 | 5.9 | 36.8 |
| Contrast 4 | 92.24 | 6.3 | 22.8 |
| Contrast 5 | 92.45 | 5.7 | 30.2 |
| Control group | 78.34 | 4.1 | 0 |
Synthesis result：The inventive method winter plants bitter chrysanthemum, and relative to control group, bitter chrysanthemum germination percentage improves 14.22%, growth speed
Degree improves 2.6cm, and it is 37.4% that cost, which reduces ratio,.Using Plant Powder and temperature swing storage method, bud ratio improves 4.8%,
5.96%, the speed of growth improves 0.4cm, 0.7cm, and it is 5.5%, 10.6% that cost, which reduces ratio,；And thermal isolation film is used, cost reduces
Ratio is 14.3%, is planted using oxygen concentration method, and the speed of growth improves 0.8cm.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. method of bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation, it is characterised in that including following aspect：（1）Seed treatment：Bitter chrysanthemum seed is mixed with Plant Powder and preserved 7-8 days at a temperature of being placed in 8-12 DEG C, then by bitter chrysanthemum kind Son, which is immersed in nutrient solution, carries out temperature swing storage, and 5-6h is first preserved at a temperature of 1-3 DEG C, then 5-6h is preserved at a temperature of 14-16 DEG C, Alternately and repeatedly carry out 4-5 times, processing seed is made；（2）Nurse young plants in hothouses：Carragheen is added into nutrient solution, takes out, is sowed to greenhouse seedling after processing seed is immersed into 2-3min Bed carries out nursery culture, and temperature is 12-16 DEG C, intensity of illumination 710-740lux, cooling rate 1 DEG C/4 days to 8-10 after budding DEG C, obtain bitter chrysanthemum seedling；（3）Planted area is set：Thermal insulation layer is set to greenhouse planted area, inner layer heat-insulation film upper level is 0.7-1.0m, surrounding every Hotting mask is consistent with planted area scope, and outer layer sets one layer of thermal isolation film at interval of 0.2-0.4m, and 3 layers altogether, every 1 time/2h is to internal layer Ventilation, and it is provided with illumination and temperature monitoring system；（4）Transplanting plantation：Bitter chrysanthemum seedling is planted to chamber planting area, and is colonized using nutrient solution, temperature is 12-16 DEG C, day Light lamp intensity of illumination is 840-870lux, and oxygen volumetric concentration is 22%-24%；（5）Daily management：Sprayed 1 time using nutrient solution per 4-5 days, after preceding 15 days day and night temperatures are 3-5 DEG C, 15 days after transplanting 5-7 DEG C of day and night temperature.
- 2. the method for bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described Plant Powder, wherein Banana skin powder：Apple powder：Mango powder quality proportioning is 3-4:1-2:1.
- 3. the method for bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described nutrient solution, it is matched somebody with somebody Method processed is：Gumbo leaf 15-18 parts, maize peel 11-14 parts, Fresh Cucumber Juice 9-12 parts, pimiento 6-9 parts, granulated sugar are weighed according to quality meter part Orange juice 4-6 parts, moyashi 5-7 parts, spinach 3-6 parts, mulberries 2-5 parts, preparation raw material is pulverized and mixed and adds its gross mass 8-10 Water again, water quality 2%-3% mix bacterium agent is added after first milling repeatedly 2 times, ferment 20-24h at a temperature of 25-28 DEG C, mistake The 1/6 of original volume is concentrated into after filter, nutrient solution is made；Described mix bacterium agent, wherein saccharomycete：Lactic acid bacteria：Hay bacillus matter Amount proportioning is 2-3:1:1-2.
- 4. the method for bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Described carragheen, it adds Enter the 3%-4% that amount is nutrient solution quality.
- 5. the method for bitter chrysanthemum Winter Cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）Described thermal insulation layer, its material Matter is Double-layered transparent thermal isolation film, and intermediate layer is hollow, and filled with nitrogen.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108464234A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-31 | 佛山市三水区嘉信农业技术研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of bitter chrysanthemum implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN108967024A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-11 | 柳杨丽 | A kind of preparation method for the nutritional agents for promoting muscat grape to expand |
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| CN103672717A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-26 | 大连智讯科技有限公司 | LED system for improving photosynthesis of bitter chrysanthemums based on solar energy |
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| CN108967024A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-11 | 柳杨丽 | A kind of preparation method for the nutritional agents for promoting muscat grape to expand |
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