CN107581109A - A kind of land envelope type cherry salmon artificial fecundation method - Google Patents

A kind of land envelope type cherry salmon artificial fecundation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107581109A
CN107581109A CN201711045097.8A CN201711045097A CN107581109A CN 107581109 A CN107581109 A CN 107581109A CN 201711045097 A CN201711045097 A CN 201711045097A CN 107581109 A CN107581109 A CN 107581109A
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ovum
water
water temperature
parent
male
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陈春山
郑伟
魏凯
时晓
张保莉
常宝全
胡庆杰
申慧卿
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Beijing Aquatic Wild Animal And Plant Ambulance Center
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Beijing Aquatic Wild Animal And Plant Ambulance Center
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of land envelope type cherry salmon whole artificial propagation method.Using the inventive method, by parent fish rearing and a Wintering Period, 2+The milter of age 100%, 90% raun sexual gland can reach maturity；Ovum water temperature stability is adopted below 12 DEG C, is stimulated by current, artificial hormone is not required to and hastens parturition, parent population can reach ovulation row's essence；Male and female proportioning is 5:3, milter can multiple semen collection.Prefecundation filters out ovary liquid, and rate of fertilization is up to more than 90%；Large-scale production is hatched using hatching barrel, and 5L buckets can fill 50,000, ovum；50mg/L formaldehyde stream treatment is used weekly 1 hour, incubation rate is up to 80%；Postlarva carries out opening domestication with import salmon trout feed, and survival rate is up to 90%.

Description

A kind of land envelope type cherry salmon artificial fecundation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of land envelope type cherry salmon artificial propagation side Method.
Background technology
Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), category salmonidae (Salmonidas), Oncorhynchus, are only to divide Cloth is distributed in the big of TUMENJIANG RIVER, the Suifenhe and Taiwan in China in the anadromous migration fish in North Pacific Asia side waters In first small stream.Juvenile fish is divided into two ecological colonies of drop sea and land envelope type during fresh water is lived.2 years property of Lu Feng types colony into It is ripe, autumn breeding, general individual 100-200g, live in throughout one's life in freshet, do not seek catadromous migration, but participate in migration colony Breeding, cherry salmon population colonization is played an important role.Due to land envelope type cherry salmon wild stocks Body is small, therefore is not taken seriously.There is data to show (Dong Chongzhi etc., Fisheries Science magazine, l997,10 (1)：38-42；Zhang Yuling, Aquatic science, l988,7 (4)：1-5), female is irreproducible in wild population.Individual is female generally more than 500g after artificial farming Male gland is reached maturity, and reproductive capacity significantly improves (Chen Chunshan etc., Fisheries Science magazine, 2016,29 (5):17-21), show The advantages that speed of growth soon, is easily tamed, premunition is strong, there is cultivation future very much.Have not yet to see the report about whole artificial propagation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of land envelope type cherry salmon whole artificial propagation method, comprise the following steps：
1) reserve parent fish is survived the winter：Select physical strong 1+Age fish is put into wintering pond and passes through a winter；
2) parent fish rearing：Control highest water temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L；Antenatal 1 month control water Temperature is gradually decrease to 12 DEG C；It can be cultivated with artifical compound feed；
3) parent population selects：Mating period selects satisfactory male and female parent population；
4) artificial insemination：Ovum artificial collection, essence is squeezed, dry method fertilization, obtain embryonated egg；Wherein ovum artificial collection when control water temperature stability Below 12 DEG C；
5) hatch：Embryonated egg is put into incubator and hatched；Control hatching water temperature stability is at 6-8 DEG C, dissolved oxygen ＞ 5mg/ L；Whole incubation period accumulated temperature needs 350-390 to subsist；
6) postlarva is tamed：Tame artitificial food of ingesting.
Specifically, step 1) reserve parent fish survive the winter including：Winter 1+Age fish survives the winter in outdoor wintering pond, feeds weekly 1 time Bait, feeding rate 0.5%, according to growing state, as specification is small, fresh and alive fish can be fed on a small quantity.
Usually, step 1) is carried out in northern area (such as Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region, the Northeast etc.).
Step 2) parent fish rearing includes：Outdoor sink (cement pit) running water technology, fishpond specification can be 800 × 300cm, water Deep 80cm, water source are mountain area river+underground water, and highest water temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L.Feed can be Domestic salmon trout special feed (crude protein content >=50%), feeds 2 times, feeding rate 2-3% general days.Utilize Various Seasonal river Water is different with underground water temperature, adjusts the ratio of river and underground water, control water temperature change, is gradually decrease to less than 12 DEG C.Production Preceding 1 month appropriate enlargement discharge, adopts ovum the last week and stops eating, and checks maturity, divides pond according to gonad development degree.
The selection of step 3) parent population includes：Breeding period judges maturity according to parent population outward appearance.Sexal maturity milter rhynchodaenm becomes hawk Mouth shape, for upper lower jaw into pincer, there is dark red color spot in side, and later stage belly blacks, and color is increasingly heavier, and belly is narrow, after extruding Belly can flow out milky seminal fluid.Raun rhynchodaenm is straight not into pincer, and belly is white and mellow and full, the also blackening but male of later stage side Property color is shallow, gonopore redness evagination.Select the obvious male and female parent population of secondary sex character, male more than parent population specification 250g, female parent population specification More than 400g.
Step 4) artificial insemination includes：Water temperature stability starts to adopt ovum below 12 DEG C, avoids direct sunlight.Raun is using crowded Ovum or the method for cutting open the belly take ovum, and milter uses the multiple semen collection of extrusion.Dry method is fertilized, and male and female proportioning is 5:3, once adopt 5 per basin The ovum of raun, the seminal fluid of 3 milters is squeezed into, be well mixed smart ovum with feather stirring 15-20s, add a small amount of clear water and slowly stir 1min is mixed, then is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, excessive seminal fluid is washed away, adds clear water, place 30-40min, after ovum water swelling, choose Go out white ovum, wash away ovum skin, clot, be put into incubator.
Step 5) hatching includes：Groove hatching can be placed side by side using indoor hatching barrel+fiberglass, using temperature adjustment pond by water temperature stability At 6-8 DEG C.It is not principle by ovum impulsion under the conditions of water-carrying capacity is to ensure dissolved oxygen ＞ 5mg/L in incubation period.Embryonated egg is sent out at the moment Forbid all inspection operations, avoid shaking, after eyespot clearly afterwards choose dead ovum.Weekly with 50mg/L concentration formaldehyde flowing water Reason 1 hour, control mould of harnessing the river.Hair is hatched with bucket at the moment, is poured into embryonated egg after hair eye and is placed side by side in groove, chooses dead ovum.Entirely incubate Change phase accumulated temperature needs 350-390 to subsist.
The domestication of step 6) postlarva includes：After prelarva more than 2/3 floats, with import salmon trout Microparticle diet, (crude protein contains Amount >=60%) feed 2 weeks, domestic salmon trout feed (crude protein content >=50%) is changed to later.
Each raw material of the present invention, feed is commercially available buys.Such as domestic salmon trout feed is purchased from Beijing Han Ye sections The rainbow trout special feed of skill Co., Ltd, import salmon trout Microparticle diet (are liked purchased from the Denmark Aller of the trans-oceanic company in Qingdao It is happy) salmon trout feed.The bucket of hatching is exactly common non-toxic plastic bucket.
Technique effect：
1) Wintering Period and parent fish rearing are passed through, 2+The milter of age 100%, 90% raun sexual gland can reach maturity. Reproductive capacity is proportionate with individual specification, strengthens parent fish rearing, and the big fish of selection individual can obtain more ovum.
2) water temperature need to be stablized below 12 DEG C when adopting ovum, be stimulated by current, be not required to artificial hormone and hasten parturition, and parent population can reach To ovulation.
3) male and female proportioning is 5:3, milter can multiple semen collection.Prefecundation filters out ovary liquid, and rate of fertilization is up to more than 90%.
4) large-scale production is hatched using hatching barrel, and 5L buckets can fill 50,000, ovum.
5) hatching water temperature stability is adjusted to 6-8 DEG C with cistern.Air pump oxygenation is set in cistern.
6) 50mg/L formaldehyde stream treatment is used weekly 1 hour, incubation rate is up to 80%.
7) dead ovum is rejected after sending out eye.
8) postlarva carries out opening domestication with import salmon trout feed, and survival rate is up to 90%.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment Technology or condition person, carried out according to the technology or condition described by document in the art, or according to product description.It is used Reagent or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is the conventional products that can be commercially available by regular distributor.
Embodiment 1
A kind of land envelope type cherry salmon whole artificial propagation method, comprises the following steps：
1st, reserve parent fish is survived the winter：Winter selection is physical strong, and the 1 of neat specification+Age fish survives the winter in outdoor wintering pond, weekly 1 bait, feeding rate 0.5% are fed, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/l.
2nd, parent fish rearing：Outdoor tank-culture running water technology, highest water temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L. Feed is domestic salmon trout special feed, crude protein content >=50%, is fed day 2 times, feeding rate 2-3%.
3rd, parent population selects：By a Wintering Period and parent fish rearing, 2+The milter of age 100%, 90% raun sexual gland can be with Reach maturity.Reproductive capacity is proportionate with individual specification, and specification is bigger, and reproductive capacity is higher, strengthens parent fish rearing, selects individual big Parent population can improve reproductive capacity.
The obvious male and female parent population of secondary sex character is selected, gonad development is good.Male more than parent population specification 250g, female parent population specification 400g More than.Sexal maturity milter rhynchodaenm becomes olecranon shape, and for upper lower jaw into pincer, dark red color spot occurs in side, and later stage belly blacks, color Increasingly heavier, belly is narrow, and extruding postabdomen can flow out milky seminal fluid.Raun rhynchodaenm is straight not into pincer, belly white and It is mellow and full, the also blackening but more male color is shallow, gonopore redness evagination of later stage side.
4th, ovum fertilization is adopted：Water temperature stability starts to adopt ovum below 12 DEG C, avoids direct sunlight.Stimulated, be not required to by current Artificial hormone is hastened parturition, and parent population can reach ovulation row's essence.
Raun takes ovum using crowded ovum or the method for cutting open the belly, and milter uses the multiple semen collection of extrusion.Prefecundation filters out ovary liquid.Adopt It is fertilized with dry method, male and female proportioning is 5:3, milter can multiple semen collection, the ovum of 5 rauns is once adopted per basin, squeezes into 3 milters Seminal fluid, smart ovum is well mixed with feather stirring 15-20s, adds a small amount of clear water and be slowly stirred 1min, then 2-3 is rinsed with clear water Time, excessive seminal fluid is washed away, adds clear water, 30-40min is placed, after ovum water swelling 2h, chooses white ovum, wash away ovum skin, blood Block, it is put into incubator.Rate of fertilization >=90%.
5th, hatching management：Lotic hatching, hair are hatched with hatching barrel at the moment, are put into place side by side in groove after hair eye and are hatched.Utilize tune Wen Chi is by water temperature stability at 6-8 DEG C.Ovum impulsion is not principle to ensure dissolved oxygen >=5mg/L by water-carrying capacity in incubation period.Fertilization Ovum hair forbids all inspection operations at the moment, avoid shaking, after eyespot clearly afterwards choose dead ovum.50mg/L concentration first is used weekly Aldehyde stream treatment 1 hour, control mould of harnessing the river.Hair is hatched with bucket at the moment, is poured into embryonated egg after hair eye and is placed side by side in groove, is chosen dead Ovum.Whole incubation period accumulated temperature needs 350-390 to subsist.Incubation rate >=80%.
6th, fry opening is tamed：After prelarva more than 2/3 floats, postlarva is raised with the import salmon trout of crude protein content >=60% Material carries out opening domestication.Survival rate >=90%.
Experimental example 1
Related experiment result is reported as follows：
1)1+Age juvenile fish is subjected to surviving the winter for winter, and sexual gland can just reach maturity, for constant temperature at all seasons The fish of waters cultivation, sexual gland can not develop maturation, it is impossible to be used as parent population.The pool cultivated horse Soviet Union hemp of circulating filtration breathes out indoors Fish, grown under the conditions of thermophilic, body weight has reached 500-1000g, and to mating period, body colour is found still without change, dissection Sexual gland is not reached maturity still in II-III phase.
2) parent fish rearing water temperature must be controlled below 20 DEG C, and its metabolism and gonad development can be just normally carried out.Reach During to 23 DEG C, there are malaise symptoms, some beginnings are dead.The pool cultivated cherry salmon of circulating filtration indoors, goes out suddenly Now assemble in the corner of pond, magnify mouth breathing, most body rollovers, individual other death.Do not find to appoint by water quality and disease detection What is abnormal.Temperature controlling instruments is checked, is that thermostat breaks down, water temperature reaches 23.5 DEG C.
3) parent population of gonadal maturation under the conditions of propagating artificially, raun can reach ovulation into degree, still can not voluntarily complete The behavior of spawning, it is necessary to adopt ovum by artificial means, squeeze ovum or cut open the belly and take ovum.Coelomic fluid has certain influence on rate of fertilization, fertilization Before filter out coelomic fluid and can improve rate of fertilization.
4) milter gonad development will use as early as possible after raun, full maturity, otherwise can cause parent population is dead to waste. Although milter gonad development is good, seminal fluid is abundant, and a basin ovum can not use the seminal fluid of a tail milter.According to the absolute bosom of raun Ovum amount calculates, and the ovum of 5 rauns is proper with the seminal fluid of 3 milters.
5) water temperature height is hatched, the incubation period is short, can obtain fry as early as possible, but incubation rate is low, and abnormal rate is high.Hatch water temperature too Low, the incubation period is grown, and the probability for growing water mo(u)ld is big.Incubation period water temperature will be made every effort to steady with not higher than 10 DEG C, being preferred not less than 6 DEG C It is fixed, avoid fluctuated.
6) embryonated egg, which is given a shock or stirred before the eye phase is sent out in hatching, can cause a large amount of embryonic deathes, therefore can not choose ovum. It is appropriate to hatch water-carrying capacity, flow velocity is uniform, it is impossible to produces bubble, it is impossible to have dead angle.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. land envelope type cherry salmon whole artificial propagation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) reserve parent fish is survived the winter：Select physical strong 1+Age fish is put into wintering pond and passes through a winter；
    2) parent fish rearing：Control highest water temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L；
    Control water temperature is gradually decrease to 12 DEG C within antenatal 1 month；
    Stop eating adopting ovum the last week, start to check, divide pond according to gonad development degree；
    3) parent population selects：Mating period selects satisfactory male and female parent population；
    4) artificial insemination：Ovum artificial collection, essence is squeezed, dry method fertilization, obtain embryonated egg；Wherein ovum artificial collection when control water temperature stability 12 Below DEG C；
    5) hatch：Embryonated egg is put into incubator and hatched；Control hatching water temperature stability is at 6-8 DEG C, dissolved oxygen ＞ 5mg/L；It is whole Individual incubation period accumulated temperature needs 350-390 to subsist；
    6) postlarva is tamed：Tame artitificial food of ingesting.
  2. 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) reserve parent fish survive the winter including：Winter 1+Age, fish was in room Outer wintering pond is survived the winter, and feeds 1 bait, feeding rate 0.5% weekly；Specification it is small can feed fresh and alive fish on a small quantity.
  3. 3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step 2) parent fish rearing feed is that domestic salmon trout is special With feed, crude protein content >=50%；Day feeds 2 times, feeding rate 2-3%；And/or fishpond used in step 2) parent fish rearing is advised 800 × 300cm of lattice, depth of water 80cm.
  4. 4. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that step 2) parent fish rearing includes：Using outdoor Pond running water technology, water source are mountain area river+underground water, and highest water temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L；Production Preceding 1 month appropriate enlargement discharge, the ratio of river and underground water is adjusted, control water temperature change, is gradually decrease to 12 DEG C；Before adopting ovum Stop eating within one week, check maturity, divide pond according to gonad development degree.
  5. 5. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that the selection of step 3) parent population includes：Breeding period root Judge maturity according to parent population outward appearance, select the obvious male and female parent population of secondary sex character, male more than parent population specification 250g, female parent population specification More than 400g.
  6. 6. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that step 4) artificial insemination includes：Using dry method Fertilization, male and female proportioning are 5:3.
  7. 7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that step 4) artificial insemination includes：Water temperature stability 12 DEG C with Under start to adopt ovum, avoid direct sunlight；Raun takes ovum using crowded ovum or the method for cutting open the belly, and milter uses the multiple semen collection of extrusion；It is dry Method is fertilized, and male and female proportioning is 5:3, the ovum of 5 rauns is once adopted per basin, squeezes into the seminal fluid of 3 milters, 15-20s is stirred with feather Smart ovum is well mixed, a small amount of clear water is added and is slowly stirred 1min, then is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, excessive seminal fluid is washed away, adds clear Water, 30-40min is placed, after ovum water swelling, chooses white ovum, washes away ovum skin, clot, be put into incubator.
  8. 8. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-7, it is characterised in that use 50mg/L weekly in step 5) hatching process Concentration formaldehyde stream treatment 1 hour.
  9. 9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that step 5) hatching includes：Using indoor hatching barrel+fiberglass Groove hatching is placed side by side, using temperature adjustment pond by water temperature stability at 6-8 DEG C；Water-carrying capacity is to ensure dissolved oxygen ＞ 5mg/L conditions in incubation period Under, it is not principle by ovum impulsion；Embryonated egg hair avoid shaking at the moment, after eyespot clearly afterwards choose dead ovum；50mg/ is used weekly L concentration formaldehyde stream treatment 1 hour；Hair is hatched with bucket at the moment, is poured into embryonated egg after hair eye and is placed side by side in groove, chooses dead ovum；It is whole Individual incubation period accumulated temperature needs 350-390 to subsist.
  10. 10. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-9, it is characterised in that the domestication of step 6) postlarva includes：Prelarva 2/3 After floating above, fed 2 weeks with import salmon trout Microparticle diet (crude protein content >=60%), be changed to domestic salmon trout later Feed (crude protein content >=50%).
CN201711045097.8A 2017-10-31 2017-10-31 A kind of land envelope type cherry salmon artificial fecundation method Pending CN107581109A (en)

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CN109548715A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-04-02 中国海洋大学 A kind of northern area flower perch whole artificial propagation technology
CN110226535A (en) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-13 积石山县万溪源渔业有限公司 The artificial breeding technology of fine-scaled graphite

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109548715A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-04-02 中国海洋大学 A kind of northern area flower perch whole artificial propagation technology
CN110226535A (en) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-13 积石山县万溪源渔业有限公司 The artificial breeding technology of fine-scaled graphite

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Application publication date: 20180116