CN107567898B - Cellulose-based mulching film and fermentation preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cellulose-based mulching film and fermentation preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107567898B CN107567898B CN201710966868.0A CN201710966868A CN107567898B CN 107567898 B CN107567898 B CN 107567898B CN 201710966868 A CN201710966868 A CN 201710966868A CN 107567898 B CN107567898 B CN 107567898B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention provides a fermentation preparation method of a cellulose-based mulching film and the cellulose mulching film prepared by the method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) pulverizing branch waste into 2-3cm long and 0.2-2cm surface area2The sheet I of (1); 2) adjusting the humidity of the nutrient soil to 50-60% and the pH value of 6-8, and then mixing the tablet I, the nutrient soil and the composite microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of the tablet I: nutrient soil: the composite microbial inoculum is 1000-one-. Further mixing kaolin with the mulching film I in a mass ratio of 1:1000 to obtain a mulching film II. The mulching film prepared by the method is used for covering the surface of fruit trees such as peach trees, apple trees and the like, bare soil of urban greenbelts and flower gardens and the surface of crops such as corns, sorghum and the like, and has the purposes of preventing grasses, preserving soil moisture, preventing dust, increasing fertility, resisting bacteria and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cellulose-based mulching film and a fermentation preparation method thereof. The mulching film can be used for planting fruit trees, crops and the like, and has a good application prospect.
Background
The weeds in the planting process of fruit trees and crops are difficult to overcome. There are two previous weeding and weed control methods. The first is spraying herbicide, such as glyphosate, paraquat and other pesticides. The drug has huge toxicity, causes huge pollution to agricultural products and underground water and is difficult to repair. The second is a mulching film, which is a ground covering film, is usually a transparent or black film, and also has green and silver films, and is used for ground covering to increase the soil temperature, keep the soil moisture, maintain the soil structure, prevent pests from attacking crops and diseases caused by certain microorganisms, and the like, and has the function of promoting the growth of plants.
The mulching film used in agriculture is usually prepared from chemical product polyethylene, but the mulching film prepared from the material pollutes the environment and is extremely difficult to degrade like a plastic bag. On the other hand, the mulching film has poor air permeability, so that soil microorganisms are greatly changed, and the problem is difficult to fundamentally solve.
During the growth process of plants, particularly fruit trees, branches are trimmed to a certain degree so as to achieve the optimal fruit bearing amount. The trimmed branches are an important source of agricultural waste cellulose. However, the handling of such cellulose is difficult. The prior treatment methods are combustion, landfill and mushroom planting, but the methods cause environmental pollution and have slow rotting speed, and the comprehensive reuse and large-scale treatment of the waste cellulose are difficult to realize. Therefore, the search for new environmentally friendly cellulose treatment is still the focus of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a cellulose-based mulching film by fermentation, which can reduce the use of chemical raw materials such as polyethylene and the like, reduce the pollution of chemical raw materials to a farmland, and find a new effective way for utilizing the waste plant fibers.
The invention also aims to provide the mulching film obtained by the method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fermentation preparation method of a cellulose-based mulching film, comprising the steps of:
1) pulverizing branch waste into 2-3cm long and 0.2-2cm surface area2The sheet I of (1);
2) adjusting the humidity of the nutrient soil to 50-60%, adjusting the pH of the nutrient soil to 6-8 by using 0.01M acetic acid or quicklime, and mixing the sheet I, the nutrient soil and the composite microbial inoculum according to the ratio of the sheet I: nutrient soil: the composite microbial inoculum is 1000-one-.
The mulching film I can be directly covered on bare soil of orchards or urban greenbelts and flower gardens of gardens with the covering thickness of 2.5-4 cm.
In the invention, the sheet I is plant branch waste, mainly provides cellulose, and is used for the basic structure of the mulching film. The composite microbial inoculum selects strains which can consume cellulose relatively quickly, and the nutrient soil has the function of providing an attachment site and energy required by initial growth for the composite microbial inoculum. Three different bacilli are selected in the composite microbial inoculum and can adapt to cellulose degradation of branches with different structures and different areas after being mixed. Although the Humicola ulmi Hull belongs to pathogenic bacteria, the Humicola ulmi Hull is found to have a strong cellulose consumption effect, can be used as a target for feeding the bacillus, is beneficial to the attachment of the three kinds of bacillus on ground soil, and cannot cause plant diseases under the combined action of the three kinds of bacillus and the bacillus.
Further, after the step 2), kaolin is further mixed with the mulching film I, and the mulching film II is obtained according to the mass ratio of 1: 1000.
When in use, the mulching film II can also directly cover the bare soil of orchards or urban greenbelts and garden gardens with the covering thickness of 2.5-4 cm. The mulching film II made of kaolin is not easy to float in rainy days due to the fact that the flaky cellulose is added, the mulching effect is better than that of the mulching film I, the mulching film is more suitable for areas or seasons with much rainwater, kaolin is not added to the mulching film I, and the cost is lower.
Preferably, the branch waste in the step 1) is fruit trees and plant branches for greening pruning.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from brown sugar, medicated leaven, berberine, plant straws or organic matters according to the weight ratio of brown sugar: medicated leaven: berberine: the plant straw or organic matter is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-5:1-5: 10000.
Wherein the organic matter is crushed plant straw.
Preferably, the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing freeze-dried powders of Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), apple putrescence (Valsa mali) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the freeze-dried powder of the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the apple putrefaction crustosporum and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the freeze-dried powder of the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the apple black-rot shell fungus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating the four bacteria into an LB culture medium according to the volume percentage of 1 percent, culturing for 24h at 37 ℃, shaking at 200rpm, then respectively centrifuging the four bacteria, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 10min, washing with sterile distilled water for 3 times, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 10min, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer to obtain the bacteria powder.
Wherein the LB culture medium is 1 percent of sodium chloride, 1 percent of peptone and 0.5 percent of yeast powder.
The invention also provides the cellulose mulching film prepared by the fermentation preparation method.
The cellulose mulching film provided by the invention belongs to a mixture of cellulose, strains and organic matters, can not float after kaolin is added, and has a main function similar to that of the traditional plastic mulching film, so that the cellulose mulching film is called as the cellulose mulching film. The cellulose mulching film not only has the advantages of the traditional mulching film, but also increases the ventilation effect, and the components in the cellulose mulching film can also play a role in increasing the fertilizer of farmlands.
The cellulose used in the cellulose mulching film is plant waste cellulose, such as crushed branches and straws. This type of cellulose is a large type of waste cellulose in nature, and conventional treatment methods include combustion, heat treatment, acid treatment, and the like. The above treatment methods all cause huge pollution to the environment. The harmless treatment and the repeated use of the cellulose are the problems which are not solved. The cellulose discarded by plants can also be fermented and composted, but the fermentation speed is slow, and the cellulose is not easily digested due to long degradation time. Aiming at the problems, proper strains are mixed and then surface-paved for fermentation, the cellulose is quickly digested by the fermentation, and the aim of treating a large amount of waste cellulose can be achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a fermentation preparation method of a cellulose-based mulching film and the cellulose-based mulching film. The mulching film can not float when meeting water, can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, and has the weeding rate of 87 percent and the soil moisture conservation rate higher than that of a control group by 42 percent.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the essence of the present invention, the technical contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), apple Humicola melanosporum (Valsa mali) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) used in the invention. The four kinds of bacteria are presented by professor of Tian Ping Fang of Life academy of university of Beijing chemical industry.
When in use, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, apple black rot shell bacteria and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are respectively inoculated into an LB culture medium according to the volume percentage of 1 percent, cultured for 24 hours at 37 ℃, shaken at 200rpm, then the four bacteria are respectively centrifuged at 12000rpm for 10min, washed for 3 times by sterile distilled water, centrifuged at 12000rpm for 10min, and freeze-dried into bacteria powder in a freeze dryer. And then mixing the freeze-dried powders of the four bacteria according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 to prepare the composite microbial inoculum.
Example 1
Pulverizing the crushed branches and straws in a pulverizer, measuring average length of waste cellulose, and respectively taking average length of 2-3cm and bottom area of 0.2-2cm2The middle stage cellulose. Taking 100L of crushed cellulose and 10L of nutrient soil, and adding 250g of freeze-dried powder of the screened bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, apple humicola and bacillus amyloliquefaciens respectively and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite microbial inoculum. The mixture was placed in a black enzyme bucket and fermented at 50 ℃ for 15 days until the cellulose became black in the bucket. When the mulching film is laid, the average laying thickness is 3 cm. After one month, sampling and observing, and determining the weed control rate, the moisture retention and the pest control rate. The measurement result shows that the length of the cellulose is 2-3cm, and the bottom area is 0.2-2cm2Within the range, all experimental groups reachThe good experimental effect is achieved.
Example 2
Pulverizing the crushed branches and straws in a pulverizer, measuring average length of the waste cellulose after pulverizing, and respectively taking average length of 3cm and bottom area of 2cm2The middle stage cellulose. And taking 100 plus 200L of crushed cellulose and 10L of nutrient soil, and adding 250g of freeze-dried powder of the screened bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, apple black rot shell bacteria and bacillus amyloliquefaciens respectively and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite microbial inoculum. The mixture was placed in a black enzyme bucket and fermented at 50 ℃ for 15 days until the cellulose became black in the bucket. When the mulching film is laid, the average laying thickness is 3 cm. After one month, sampling and observing, and determining the weed control rate, the moisture retention and the pest control rate. The measurement result shows that the length of the cellulose is 2-3cm, and the bottom area is 0.2-2cm2Within the range, each experimental group achieves good experimental effect.
Example 3
And optimizing the proportion of each component in the nutrient soil, and determining the effective function of the final mulching film. Experiments show that the brown sugar, the medicated leaven and the berberine are in the volume ratio of 1-5, and good experimental effects can be obtained after fermentation of 1000L organic matter, and the effects of weed control, moisture retention and disease and insect pest prevention are good.
Example 4
Properly adjusting the nutrient soil, adjusting the humidity to 50-60%, adjusting the pH value to about a neutral range, controlling the fermentation temperature to 25-50 ℃, carrying out different fermentation periods, paving the soil with the thickness of 3cm, and measuring various indexes of the mulching film prepared by the composite microbial inoculum after one month. Experimental results show that the fermentation humidity is controlled to be 50% -60%, the pH value is adjusted to be 6-8, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-50 ℃, the mulching film prepared from the mulching film nutrient soil achieves a good effect, and the effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is obvious.
Example 5
Mixing the sheet I, the nutrient soil and the compound microbial inoculum, wherein the ratio of the nutrient soil to the compound microbial inoculum is fixed to be 100:1, and the ratio of the sheet to the nutrient soil to the compound microbial inoculum is 2000-1000:100: 1. The humidity is 50%, and the covering thickness of bare soil covering orchards or urban greenbelts and flower gardens of courtyards is adjusted to be 3 cm. And measuring the pest and disease damage occurrence condition of the mulching film and the weed prevention rate of the mulching film after the mulching film is laid for one month. The experiment result shows that the content of the flaky objects in the range can obtain better effects of preventing grass and diseases and insect pests.
Example 6
Mixing the sheet I, the nutrient soil and the composite microbial inoculum to obtain a mulching film I, and mixing the mulching film I with kaolin according to a biological ratio of 1000:1 to obtain a mulching film II. The humidity range of the mulching film II is adjusted to be 40-50%, and the thickness of the mulching film II covering the bare soil of the orchard or the urban green land and the garden is adjusted to be 2.5-4 cm. And measuring the pest and disease damage occurrence condition of the mulching film and the weed prevention rate of the mulching film after the mulching film is laid for one month. The experiment result shows that the mulching film has better effects on pest control, weed inhibition and moisture retention when the humidity range is 40-50% and the paving thickness is 2.5-4 cm.
At present, no research reports exist that the plant waste cellulose and the biological microbial inoculum are combined and fermented to be prepared into the mulching film, and the effects of waste resource utilization, weed prevention, moisture preservation, weight gaining and pest control are achieved. The invention demonstrates that the environment-friendly mulching film is prepared by an efficient method and achieves multiple effects simultaneously through the above embodiments. The method is simple, convenient, low in cost, environment-friendly and safe. In recent years, chemical drugs and plastic mulching films cause great environmental pollution and resource waste, and influence on food safety. The invention plays a positive role in sustainable development of modern agriculture and social economy, agricultural ecological environment safety and agricultural product quality safety, and can be popularized and applied in a large area.
Claims (4)
1. A fermentation preparation method of a cellulose-based mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pulverizing branch waste into 2-3cm long and 0.2-2cm surface area2The sheet I of (1);
2) adjusting the humidity of the nutrient soil to 50-60%, adjusting the pH of the nutrient soil to 6-8 by using 0.01M acetic acid or quicklime, and mixing the sheet I, the nutrient soil and the composite microbial inoculum according to the ratio of the sheet I: nutrient soil: the composite microbial inoculum is 1000-2000-;
wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from brown sugar, medicated leaven, berberine, plant straws or organic matters according to the weight ratio of brown sugar: medicated leaven: berberine: the plant straw or organic matter is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-5:1-5: 10000;
the organic matter is crushed plant straw;
the composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing freeze-dried powder of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, apple black-rot shell bacteria and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1;
the preparation method of the freeze-dried powder of the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the apple black-rot shell fungus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating the four bacteria into an LB culture medium according to the volume percentage of 1 percent, culturing for 24h at 37 ℃, shaking at 200rpm, then respectively centrifuging the four bacteria, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 10min, washing with sterile distilled water for 3 times, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 10min, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer to obtain the bacteria powder.
2. The fermentation preparation method of the cellulose-based mulching film according to claim 1, wherein kaolin is further mixed with the mulching film I after the step 2), the mulching film II is obtained with a mass ratio of 1:1000, and the humidity of the mulching film II is adjusted to 40-50%.
3. The fermentation preparation method of a cellulose-based mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the branch waste of step 1) is a branch of a fruit tree or a green pruned plant.
4. A cellulose mulch film prepared using the fermentative preparation method of any one of claims 1-3.
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| JP2000342083A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Tomoe Engineering Co Ltd | Degradable mulching film and its production |
| JP2000354427A (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-12-26 | C I Kasei Co Ltd | Biodegradable agricultural film |
| JP2005002165A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2005-01-06 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Biodegradable resin composition, agricultural mulching film and method for inhibiting biodegradability |
| WO2007011119A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-25 | Elecsys Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable resin composition |
| EP2463328A2 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | Phyto World Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable polymer film with controlled degree of biodegradability comprising mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose polymer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104381062A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-04 | 烟台大学 | Agricultural biological mulch forming material and covering method and tool thereof |
| CN106034612B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-05-31 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of blueberry orchard intercrop method |
| CN107245003A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-13 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of method that utilization agricultural organic waste prepares organic cultivating soil |
| CN107148889A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-12 | 遵义师范学院 | Tea limb covering preventing and treating young tea plantations weeds and the method for organic tea garden soil of fostering and apply fertilizer |
| CN107164272A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-09-15 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of complex micro organism fungicide degraded for garden waste, preparation method and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000354427A (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-12-26 | C I Kasei Co Ltd | Biodegradable agricultural film |
| JP2000342083A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Tomoe Engineering Co Ltd | Degradable mulching film and its production |
| JP2005002165A (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2005-01-06 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Biodegradable resin composition, agricultural mulching film and method for inhibiting biodegradability |
| WO2007011119A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-25 | Elecsys Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable resin composition |
| EP2463328A2 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | Phyto World Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable polymer film with controlled degree of biodegradability comprising mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose polymer and preparation method thereof |
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