CN107540433A - A kind of preparation of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam and its supporting application process - Google Patents
A kind of preparation of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam and its supporting application process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107540433A CN107540433A CN201710991267.5A CN201710991267A CN107540433A CN 107540433 A CN107540433 A CN 107540433A CN 201710991267 A CN201710991267 A CN 201710991267A CN 107540433 A CN107540433 A CN 107540433A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to suitable for the set meal fertilizer formula in the Chinese yam time of infertility, preparation and its supporting application process, specifically according to the suitable soil texture and the characteristic of growing of Fertility Characteristics and Chinese yam for planting Chinese yam, it is determined that it is suitable for the fertilizer formula and preparation method of each growing stage of Chinese yam, and the retain water and nutrients property difference of combination differing texture soil and the operability of Chinese yam different bearing stage determine suitable application process.The meal fertilizer is divided into base manure (base fertilizer) and top dressing, and top dressing is divided into the top dressing two types suitable for getting rid of bar tiller phase and rhizome expanding stage again.The meal fertilizer scientific formulation, the application technique of supporting science again, can be on the premise of Chinese yam yield and quality be ensured, hence it is evident that reduces fertilizers input cost, increase economic efficiency and fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio, reduce the environmental risk that a large amount of unreasonable administrations of fertilizer are brought.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam and its supporting application process, specifically plants mountain according to suitable
The soil texture and Fertility Characteristics of medicine and the characteristic of growing of Chinese yam, it is determined that being suitable for the fertilizer of each growing stage of Chinese yam
Formula and amount of application, and combine different soils quality retain water and nutrients property difference and Chinese yam different bearing stage it is operable
Property determines suitable application process.
Background technology
Chinese yam has edible and medicinal function, especially with the tasty flavor quality of its remarkable medicinal health function and glutinous perfume
It is deep to be liked by common people.The history of existing more than the 3000 years artificial plantation Chinese yam in China.In recent years, with the adjustment of crop mix,
The increase of social consumption demand, and the driving of higher economic interests, people, which plant the enthusiasm of Chinese yam and input, increasingly to be increased,
Cultivated area and scope also expand rapidly.The production of Chinese yam has become the mainstay industry for driving local economic development.
Farmland fertilization is to ensure that the important step of Chinese yam yield and quality, higher economical sharp to obtain coveting high yield
Under the driving of benefit, the fertilising input more and more higher of peasant, excess and phenomenon of blindly applying fertilizer are universal and serious, and precipitation ratio
It is extremely uncoordinated, do not meet Chinese yam nutrient demand characteristic itself；It can not hold well fertilising opportunity simultaneously, it is fixed to be unable to reach
Amount, balance fertilizing.Finding shows that the input cost of fertilizer has reached 2.25 ten thousand yuan/hm in Chinese yam production2Left and right,
The 1/4-1/3 that Chinese yam production is always put into has been accounted for, has turned into the maximum means of production of input share.But the soil texture of suitable kind of Chinese yam
For sand loam or sand, on the poor soil of this retain water and nutrients power, excessive apply of fertilizer not only causes production cost
Increase, the decline of economic benefit, but also can cause the waste of fertilizer and the pollution of environment, particularly soil microenvironment
Destroying, typical performance getting fat in Chinese yam produces increases the problem of this does not increase production and become increasingly conspicuous, and it is shorter and shorter that Planting Years do in company, with
More and more in short supply as the soil that can fit kind of Chinese yam, the sustainable development of Chinese yam industry receives serious restriction.
Therefore, either from input cost is reduced, the angle of benefit is increased, or from the angle of environmental protection sustainable development
Degree, according to the characteristics of soil fertility of the suitable kind of Chinese yam, grow characteristic and the nutrient demand characteristic of Chinese yam, development is suitable for Chinese yam
The formula fertilizer of different bearing stage, and with the popularization and application of set meal fertilizer pattern progress science, the high-quality height for ensuring Chinese yam
Production and efficiently production are very necessary.And under the social overall background of " chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals zero growth rate ", Chinese yam set meal fertilizer and its section
Learn the development of formulation, specification and popularization for realization " soil is more healthy, agricultural product are safer, industry is sustainable " of fertilizer practice
Target also will be significant.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, develop has suitable for the special meal fertilizer in the Chinese yam time of infertility and its supporting application technique
Significance.Present invention aims at offer one kind to be suitable for the Chinese yam main producing region soil texture and Fertility Characteristics, and Chinese yam is not
With growing stage grow characteristic meal fertilizer and its supporting application technique.Product of the present invention includes base fertilizer and top dressing two is big
Class, medicine growthdevelopmental stage is divided into two kinds of the type of top dressing I and II type near the mountain again for top dressing, and the every kind of fertilizer being applicable each period specify that
Nutrient formula and content and its supporting application technique.It is formulated that set meal is fertile and the application technique of supporting science according to this, it is possible to protecting
While hindering Chinese yam yield and quality, the efficient of nutrients resource is realized, is alleviated because the excessive of fertilizer applies the soil brought life
The destruction of state environment, and the pollution of air and water body, increase economic efficiency, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese yam industry.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that：According to the characteristic of growing of Chinese yam different bearing stage
And the different fertilizer formulas and amount of application for determining to be suitable for different phase of demand characteristics to nutrient, specifically, including base manure
(base fertilizer) and the major class of top dressing two, top dressing are made up of the type of top dressing I and the type of top dressing II, are suitable for Chinese yam respectively and get rid of bar tiller phase and root again
Stem expanding stage.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, its base fertilizer are ternary compound fertilizer material of the low potassium type of low nitrogen high phosphorus containing humic acid, N, P2O5
And K2O content and proportioning is 8-12:20-25:8-12；Or with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium fertilizer application, potash fertilizer potassium sulfate or chlorine
Change potassium.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, its type of top dressing I are that Chinese yam gets rid of bar tiller phase dedicated fertilizer.Nutrient Characteristic is that high nitrogen is low
The low potassium type of phosphorus (sulfenyl or chloro), or based on nitrogen, and it is combined with the middle micro- without phosphorus potassium-free type of high nitrogen, N,
P2O5And K2O content and proportioning is 25-30:0-5:0-10, it is also possible to urea.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, its type of top dressing II are Chinese yam rhizome expanding stage dedicated fertilizer, and Nutrient Characteristic is nitrogen potassium
Binary compound fertilizer material or the low-phosphorous high potassium type ternary compound fertilizer material of high nitrogen, N, P2O5、K2O content and proportioning is 15-25:0-5:18-
25。
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, the binary in its base fertilizer or top dressing or the nitrogen raw material in ternary compound fertilizer material are selected from
Urea, sulphur ammonium or the combination with MAP.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, the binary in its base fertilizer or top dressing or the phosphorus element raw material choosing in ternary compound fertilizer material
From the combination of MAP or MAP and calcium superphosphate.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, its base fertilizer or the binary in top dressing I type fertilizer or the potassium in ternary compound fertilizer material
Raw material is selected from potassium chloride or potassium sulfate；Binary or ternary compound fertilizer material in top dressing II type fertilizer, its potassium raw material are selected from water-soluble
The good potassium sulfate of property.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, its base fertilizer amount of application and application process are：Ternary compound fertilizer material 40-50kg/ mus；
If with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium fertilizer application, total nutrient content is 57% or 64% Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30-35kg/ mus, K2O content is
50% or 52% potassium sulfate 8-10kg/ mus, or K2O content is 57% or 60% greening potassium 8-10kg/ mus.By Optimum
Fertilizer and organic fertilizer it is mixed be spread on earth's surface, rotary tillage soil 15cm or so, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, the amount of application and application process of its type fertilizer of top dressing I are：Sand loam high nitrogen type
Fertilizer 20-30kg/ mus, or urea 10-15kg/ mus, a deep 15cm left sides are being applied at potato seedling growth 5-8cm with Simple fertilizing equipment
In right soil, then water；Sand applies fertilizer 10-15 days interval time twice by the average application in two dressings of sand loam dosage.
The same sand loam of fertilizing method.
The special meal fertilizer of the Chinese yam, the amount of application and application process of its type fertilizer of top dressing II are：The whole rhizome of Chinese yam is swollen
During big, fertile 2-3 times, each amount of application 25-30kg/ mus of sand loam；A small amount of multiple principle is followed with fertilizer, with fertilizer sand
3-5 times, each dose 15-20kg/ mus.By broadcast application in Chinese yam in the ranks, watering；Or it is soluble in water, Sui Shuichong is applied.
The innovation of the present invention is mainly according to the characteristics of soil fertility and quality of suitable kind of Chinese yam, and Chinese yam growth hair
The demand characteristics to nutrient is educated, specify that the fertilizer variety for being suitable for Chinese yam different bearing stage, nutrient formula, suitable fertilizer
Amount of application and application process.
The invention has the advantages that：
1. the fertilizer that the fertilizer set meal is matched by several Different Nutrients for being suitable for Chinese yam different bearing stage forms, suitably
In the fertilizer nutrient proportioning and growth and development characteristicses of the dose according to Chinese yam different bearing stage and the need to nutrient in each stage
Characteristic is asked to formulate, fertilizer formula is with strong points.
2. dose is special to the demand of nutrient according to MAIN SOILS quality, fertilizer nutrient content and the Chinese yam of suitable kind of Chinese yam
Property determine, fertilizing method according to the operability of Chinese yam different bearing stage determine, the fertilising of the rational supporting science of dose
Method, the utilization ratio of fertilizer can be both greatly improved, mitigate environmental pollution, fertilizer waste can be reduced again, reduction is produced into
This, increases economic efficiency.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam, in terms of one ton, is counted in parts by weight, and its base fertilizer includes 10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element
(P2O5) 22 parts, potassium (K2O) 10 parts, total nutrient content 42%；Top dressing I types include 28 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 5 parts, potassium
(K2O) 7 parts, total nutrient content 40%；The type of top dressing II includes 20 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 0 part, potassium (K2O it is) 22 parts, total to support
Divide content 42%.
Nitrogen in the base fertilizer is provided by urea and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP and calcium superphosphate, potassium
Element is provided by potassium chloride.Each raw material weight used is as follows：132.2kg urea, 326.9kg MAPs, 312.5kg calcium superphosphate
(P2O5Content 16%), 166.7kg potassium chloride, 61.7kg attapulgites.Above-mentioned raw materials are broken rear fully mixed by institute's expense
It is even, then it is granulated, dried, being sieved, being cooled down, metering packing, is got product；Or with basically identical granular of granular size
Raw material, directly blending form.
The nitrogen of the top dressing I types is provided by urea, and phosphorus element is by calcium superphosphate (P2O5Content 16%) provide, potassium is by sulphur
Sour potassium provides.Each raw material weight used is as follows：475.0kg urea, 238.1kg ammonium sulfate, 96.2kg MAPs, 134.6kg
Potassium sulfate (K2O content 52%, good water solubility), 56.1kg attapulgites.Above-mentioned raw materials are broken rear fully mixed by institute's expense
It is even, then it is granulated, dried, being sieved, being cooled down, metering packing, is got product；Or with basically identical granular of granular size
Raw material, directly blending form.
The nitrogen of the type of top dressing II is provided by urea, and potassium is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is as follows：
315.2kg urea, 261.9kg ammonium sulfate, 423.1kg potassium sulfates (K2O content 52%, good water solubility).Raw material granular size
Basically identical granular feedstock, directly blending form.
Embodiment 2
A kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam, in terms of one ton, is counted in parts by weight, and its base fertilizer includes 9 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element
(P2O5) 25 parts, potassium (K2O) 8 parts, total nutrient content 42%；Top dressing I types include 30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 0 part, potassium
(K2O) 5 parts, total nutrient content 35%；The type of top dressing II includes 18 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 5 parts, potassium (K2O it is) 22 parts, total to support
Divide content 45%.
Nitrogen in the base fertilizer is provided by urea and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP and calcium superphosphate, potassium
Element is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is as follows：117.0kg urea, 384.6kg MAPs, 312.5kg calcium superphosphate
(P2O5Content 16%), 153.8kg potassium sulfates, 32.1kg bentonites.Fully mixed after above-mentioned raw materials are crushed by institute's expense,
Then it is granulated, dried, being sieved, being cooled down, metering packing, is got product；Or with the basically identical granular original of granular size
Material, directly blending form.
The nitrogen of the top dressing I types is provided by urea and ammonium sulfate, and potassium is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is such as
Under：430.9kg urea, 485.7kg ammonium sulfate, 83.3kg potassium sulfates (K2O content 52%, good water solubility).Raw material particle is big
Small basically identical granular feedstock, directly blending form.
The nitrogen of the type of top dressing II is provided by urea, ammonium sulfate and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP, potassium
There is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is as follows：301.1kg urea, 142.9kg ammonium sulfate, 96.2kg MAPs,
423.1kg potassium sulfate (K2O content 52%, good water solubility), 36.8kg attapulgites.After above-mentioned raw materials are crushed by institute's expense
Fully mix, be then granulated, dried, sieved, cooled down, metering packing, got product；It is or basically identical with granular size
Granular feedstock, directly blending form.
Embodiment 3
A kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam, in terms of one ton, is counted in parts by weight, and its base fertilizer includes 12 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element
(P2O5) 25 parts, potassium (K2O) 8 parts, total nutrient content 45%；Top dressing I types include 25 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 5 parts, potassium
(K2O) 10 parts, total nutrient content 40%；The type of top dressing II includes 16 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus element (P2O5) 5 parts, potassium (K2O it is) 24 parts, total to support
Divide content 45%.
Nitrogen in the base fertilizer is provided by urea and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP and calcium superphosphate, potassium
Element is provided by greening potassium.Each raw material weight used is as follows：170.4kg urea, 346.2kg MAPs, 437.5kg calcium superphosphate
(P2O5Content 16%), 133.3kg greening potassium, 45.9kg attapulgites.Fully mixed after raw material is crushed by institute's expense, so
After be granulated, dry, sieve, cooling down, metering packing, get product；Or with the basically identical granular feedstock of granular size,
Directly blending forms.
The nitrogen of the top dressing I types is provided by urea, ammonium sulfate and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP, potassium
There is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is as follows：431.5kg urea, 190.5kg ammonium sulfate, 96.2kg MAPs,
192.3kg potassium sulfate (K2O content 52%, good water solubility), 89.5kg attapulgites.Raw material is broken rear abundant by institute's expense
Mix, be then granulated, dried, sieved, cooled down, metering packing, got product；Or with the basically identical grain of granular size
Shape raw material, directly blending form.
The nitrogen of the type of top dressing II is provided by urea, ammonium sulfate and MAP, and phosphorus element is provided by MAP, potassium
There is provided by potassium sulfate.Each raw material weight used is as follows：279.3kg urea, 95.2kg ammonium sulfate, 96.2kg MAPs,
461.5kg potassium sulfate (K2O content 52%, good water solubility), 67.7kg bentonites.Filled after above-mentioned raw materials are crushed by institute's expense
Divide and mix, be then granulated, dried, sieved, cooled down, metering packing, got product；It is or basically identical with granular size
Granular feedstock, directly blending form.
Application examples 1
It is sand loam for examination soil using the method for field plot trial, is rod medicine for examination yam variety, sets as follows
Two processing, are repeated three times：(1) compare, produce field for peasant household, measures of fertilizer is carried out by its Routine Management experience；(2) Chinese yam set
Meal fertilizer processing.The fertilization mode of two processing and specific dose see the table below 1.
The peasant household's traditional fertilization of table 1 and set meal fertilizer applications
Result of the test is as shown in table 2, it can be seen that the administration of set meal fertilizer, decline 20.0% respectively in npk nutrient amount,
22.9% and 44.8%, in the case of throwing 165 yuan/mu of fertile cost decline, Chinese yam yield increases than the control field of peasant Routine Management
Production 7.0%, Grade A commodity rate improve 10.8%.
The peasant of table 2 compares field compared with the Chinese yam yield and commodity rate of set meal fertilizer model field
Application examples 2
It is sand for examination soil using the method for field plot trial, is purple medicine for examination yam variety, sets following two
Processing, is repeated three times：(1) compare, produce field for peasant household, measures of fertilizer is carried out by its Routine Management experience；(2) Chinese yam set meal fertilizer
Processing.The fertilization mode of two processing and specific dose see the table below 3.
The peasant household's traditional fertilization of table 3 and set meal fertilizer applications
Result of the test is as shown in table 4, it can be seen that the administration of set meal fertilizer, decline 7.4% respectively in npk nutrient amount,
47.5% and 58.9%, in the case of throwing 124 yuan/mu of fertile cost decline, Chinese yam yield compares Tian Ji with peasant's conventional fertilizer application
This is suitable, but the production efficiency (namely Chinese yam yield of per kilogram npk nutrient production) of npk nutrient is respectively increased
9.9%th, 93.3% and 147.2%.Fertilizer synergistic effect protrudes.
The peasant of table 4 compares field compared with the input, yield and nutrient production efficiency of set meal fertilizer model field
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that：According to Chinese yam different bearing stage grow characteristic and The different determinations of demand characteristics to nutrient are suitable for the fertilizer formula and amount of application of different phase, specifically, including base manure (bottom Fertilizer) and the major class of top dressing two, top dressing be made up of again the type fertilizer of top dressing I and the type fertilizer of top dressing II, be suitable for Chinese yam respectively and get rid of bar tiller Phase and rhizome expanding stage.
- A kind of 2. special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The base fertilizer is low nitrogen high phosphorus Low potassium type ternary compound fertilizer material, N, P2O5And K2O content and proportioning is 8-12:20-25:8-12；Or with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium Fertilizer, which is matched somebody with somebody, to be applied, potash fertilizer potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
- A kind of 3. special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The type of top dressing I is Chinese yam Get rid of bar tiller phase dedicated fertilizer.Nutrient Characteristic is the low-phosphorous low potassium type (sulfenyl or chloro) of high nitrogen, or based on nitrogen, and It is combined with the middle micro- without phosphorus potassium-free type of high nitrogen, N, P2O5And K2O content and proportioning is 25-30:0-5:0-10, also may be used Use urea.
- A kind of 4. special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The type of top dressing II is Chinese yam Rhizome expanding stage dedicated fertilizer, Nutrient Characteristic are nitrogen-potassium binary compound fertilizer material or the low-phosphorous high potassium type ternary compound fertilizer material of high nitrogen, N, P2O5、K2O content and proportioning is 15-25:0-5:18-25.
- 5. according to a kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the base fertilizer or top dressing Binary or ternary compound fertilizer material, its nitrogen raw material are selected from urea, sulphur ammonium or the combination with MAP.
- 6. according to a kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the base fertilizer or top dressing Binary or ternary compound fertilizer material, its phosphorus element raw material are selected from MAP, or the combination of MAP and calcium superphosphate.
- 7. according to a kind of special meal fertilizer of Chinese yam described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The base fertilizer or top dressing I types Binary or ternary compound fertilizer material in fertilizer, its potassium raw material are selected from potassium chloride or potassium sulfate；Binary in top dressing II type fertilizer Or ternary compound fertilizer material, its potassium raw material are selected from the potassium sulfate of good water solubility.
- 8. a kind of fertilizer for being exclusively used in Chinese yam base fertilizer according to claim 2, its amount of application and application process are：Ternary is answered Complex fertilizer material 40-50kg/ mus；If with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium fertilizer application, total nutrient content is 57% or 64% Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30- 35kg/ mus, K2O content is 50% or 52% potassium sulfate 8-10kg/ mus, or K2O content is 57% or 60% greening potassium 8- 10kg/ mus.The fertilizer of Optimum and organic fertilizer are mixed and are spread on earth's surface, rotary tillage soil 15cm or so, fertilizer is abundant with soil Mix.
- 9. a kind of special I type fertilizer that the bar tiller phase is got rid of as Chinese yam according to claim 3, its amount of application and fertilizing method For：Sand loam high nitrogen type fertilizer 20-30kg/ mus, or urea 10-15kg/ mus, with Simple fertilizing equipment apart from potato seedling growth In the soil that deep 15cm or so is applied at 5-8cm, then water；Sand presses the average application in two dressings of sand loam dosage, twice Apply fertilizer 10-15 days interval time.The same sand loam of fertilizing method.
- 10. a kind of II type fertilizer for being exclusively used in Chinese yam rhizome expanding stage according to claim 4, its dose and fertilising side Method is：During the whole rhizome of Chinese yam expands, fertile 2-3 times, each amount of application 25-30kg/ mus of sand loam；Abided by with fertilizer sand A small amount of multiple principle is followed, with fertile 3-5 times, each dose 15-20kg/ mus.By broadcast application in Chinese yam in the ranks, watering；Or Soluble in water, Sui Shuichong is applied.
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| CN108191497A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-22 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | A kind of Wen County area Chinese yam special fertilizer and fertilizing method |
| CN108353599A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-03 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | A kind of organic materials quantization fertilization recommendation method of prevention field of vegetables pollution of area source |
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Application publication date: 20180105 |
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