CN107522466A - 一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方 - Google Patents

一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方 Download PDF

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CN107522466A
CN107522466A CN201710928634.7A CN201710928634A CN107522466A CN 107522466 A CN107522466 A CN 107522466A CN 201710928634 A CN201710928634 A CN 201710928634A CN 107522466 A CN107522466 A CN 107522466A
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陆小荣
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Wuxi Institute of Arts and Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,具有以下配方(组分及其重量百分比%):粘土10%‑20%,石英15%‑23%,长石5%‑8%,高龄土13%‑16%,绢云母5%‑6%,滑石6%‑7%,石灰13%‑15%,MgO1%‑1.5%,ZnO1%‑1.5%,BaO1.5%‑1.2%,Cr2O31%‑1.2%,SiC1%‑1.2%,Si3N40.8%‑1.2%,ZrO21.1%‑1.3%,β‑BN0.9%‑1.2%。通过设置0.8%‑1.2%的Si3N4,也就是0.8%‑1.2%的氮化硅,由于氮化硅物理性质好,使陶瓷具有很高的硬度,而且摩擦系数小,耐磨性好,抗热振性大大高于不含氮化硅的陶瓷,并且氮化硅具有优良的化学稳定性,能耐除氢氟酸、氢氧化钠外的其他酸和碱性溶液的腐蚀,以及抗熔融金属的侵蚀,其还具有优良的绝缘性能。

Description

一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料技术领域,具体为一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方。
背景技术
陶瓷材料是指用天然或合成化合物经过成形和高温烧结制成的一类无机 非金属材料,采用天然原料如长石、粘土和石英等烧结而成,是典型的硅酸 盐材料,主要组成元素是硅、铝、氧,这三种元素占地壳元素总量的90%, 普通陶瓷来源丰富、成本低、工艺成熟。这类陶瓷按性能特征和用途又可分 为日用陶瓷、建筑陶瓷、电绝缘陶瓷、化工陶瓷等。
为了使陶瓷既可以耐高温又不容易破碎,人们在制作陶瓷的粘土里加了 些金属粉,因此制成了金属陶瓷。金属基金属陶瓷是在金属基体中加入氧化 物细粉制得,又称弥散增强材料。主要有烧结铝(铝-氧化铝)、烧结铍(铍-氧化 铍)、TD镍(镍-氧化钍)等由一种或几种陶瓷相与金属相或合金所组成的复合 材料。广义的金属陶瓷还包括难熔化合物合金、硬质合金、金属粘结的金刚 石工具材料。金属陶瓷中的陶瓷相是具有高熔点、高硬度的氧化物或难熔化 合物,金属相主要是过渡元素(铁、钴、镍、铬、钨、钼等)及其合金。金属陶瓷材料的耐热特性,决定了金属陶瓷材料在一些情况下的特定用途。现有的 陶瓷的耐热能力虽然比较先进,但是有些特定的情况还需要耐热耐压的陶瓷 这种更加先进的材料,现有的技术很难姐姐以上问题。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,解 决了上述提到的现有的陶瓷的耐热能力虽然比较先进,但是有些特定的情况 还需要耐热耐压的陶瓷这种更加先进的材料的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:一种耐热耐压的 陶瓷材料配方,具有以下配方(组分及其重量百分比%):粘土10%-20%,石 英15%-23%,长石5%-8%,高龄土13%-16%,绢云母5%-6%,滑石6%-7%,石灰 13%-15%,MgO 1%-1.5%,ZnO 1%-1.5%,BaO 1.5%-1.2%,Cr2O3 1%-1.2%, SiC 1%-1.2%,Si3N4 0.8%-1.2%,ZrO2 1.1%-1.3%,β-BN 0.9%-1.2%。
优选的,所述高龄土的化学方程式为46.54%的SiO2,39.5%的Al2O3, 13.96%的H2O,所述高龄土来自于湖南省衡阳县界牌镇。
优选的,所述粘土是颗粒非常小的(<2μm)可塑的硅铝酸盐,除了铝外, 黏土还包含少量镁、铁、钠、钾和钙。
优选的,所述长石为KAlSiO、NaAlSiO和CaAlSiO,所述长石富含钾或钠 的一种或多种。
优选的,所述ZrO2呈弱碱性或者惰性,所述ZrO2为白色无臭无味晶体。
优选的,所述β-BN为高压型立方结构。
优选的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1、将粘土,石英,长石,高龄土,绢云母,滑石,石灰,MgO,ZnO, BaO,Cr2O3,SiC,Si3N4,ZrO2,β-BN按照预定的比例在转速为310r/min 的高速混合机的内部进行快速混合,直至混合均匀;
步骤2、将混合均与的物料在球磨机、V形混料机、锥形混料机、酒桶式 混料机、螺旋混料机任意一个机器内以水为介质进行3-5h湿磨后烘干,烘干 温度为100℃左右最佳;
步骤3、在物料中加速聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、甘油丙酮其中的一种或多种 塑化剂使塑料具有可塑性;
步骤4、粉末过细时,流动性差,装模容积大,不易压制和充模,需制粒, 可采用普通制粒、压块制粒或者喷雾制粒法其中的任意一种;
步骤5、将步骤4内部的物料进行1535℃高温烧结3.5h,之后进行冷 却,制备得到成品。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供了一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方。具备以下有益效果:
1、该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置1%-1.2%的SiC,也就是1%-1.2% 的碳化硅,碳化硅具有很高的高温强度,弯曲强度200-250MN/m2,抗压强度 1000-1500MN/m2,硬度高,抗磨,熔点高2450℃,在一定程度上增加了陶瓷 材料的耐热效果。
2、该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置0.8%-1.2%的Si3N4,也就是 0.8%-1.2%的氮化硅,由于氮化硅物理性质好,使陶瓷具有很高的硬度,而且 摩擦系数小,耐磨性好,抗热振性大大高于不含氮化硅的陶瓷,并且氮化硅 具有优良的化学稳定性,能耐除氢氟酸、氢氧化钠外的其他酸和碱性溶液的 腐蚀,以及抗熔融金属的侵蚀,其还具有优良的绝缘性能。
3、该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置1.1%-1.3%的ZrO2,也就是 1.1%-1.3%的氧化锆,氧化锆呈弱酸性或惰性,导热系数小 1.5-1.7kcal/m·h·℃,使用温度2000-2200℃,抗压强度2060MN/m2,化 学稳定性好、耐腐蚀性高,不仅增加了陶瓷的耐热能力,而且增加了其耐压 能力,增加了陶瓷的应用范围。
4、该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置0.9%-1.2%的β-BN,也就是 0.9%-1.2%立方结构的β-BN,立方结构的β-BN具有极高的硬度,抗加热温度 为2000℃,在一定程度上可以与金刚石互相替代,大大增加了陶瓷的耐压能 力。
5、该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置通过球磨、高温制得的陶瓷材 料,不仅便于各种材料均与的混合在一起,保证了陶瓷的成功率,而且使陶 瓷具备了非常良好的耐高温强度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员 在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发 明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,具有以下配方(组分 及其重量百分比%):粘土10%-20%,石英15%-23%,长石5%-8%,高龄土 13%-16%,绢云母5%-6%,滑石6%-7%,石灰13%-15%,MgO 1%-1.5%,ZnO 1%-1.5%, BaO 1.5%-1.2%,Cr2O3 1%-1.2%,SiC 1%-1.2%,Si3N4 0.8%-1.2%,ZrO2 1.1%-1.3%, β-BN 0.9%-1.2%。
综上所述,该耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,通过设置1%-1.2%的SiC,也就 是1%-1.2%的碳化硅,碳化硅具有很高的高温强度,弯曲强度200-250MN/m2, 抗压强度1000-1500MN/m2,硬度高,抗磨,熔点高2450℃,在一定程度上 增加了陶瓷材料的耐热效果。
其次,通过设置0.8%-1.2%的Si3N4,也就是0.8%-1.2%的氮化硅,由于 氮化硅物理性质好,使陶瓷具有很高的硬度,而且摩擦系数小,耐磨性好, 抗热振性大大高于不含氮化硅的陶瓷,并且氮化硅具有优良的化学稳定性, 能耐除氢氟酸、氢氧化钠外的其他酸和碱性溶液的腐蚀,以及抗熔融金属的 侵蚀,其还具有优良的绝缘性能。
并且,通过设置1.1%-1.3%的ZrO2,也就是1.1%-1.3%的氧化锆,氧化锆 呈弱酸性或惰性,导热系数小1.5-1.7kcal/m·h·℃,使用温度2000-2200℃ ,抗压强度2060MN/m2,化学稳定性好、耐腐蚀性高,不仅增加了陶瓷的耐 热能力,而且增加了其耐压能力,增加了陶瓷的应用范围。
并且,通过设置0.9%-1.2%的β-BN,也就是0.9%-1.2%立方结构的β-BN, 立方结构的β-BN具有极高的硬度,抗加热温度为2000℃,在一定程度上可 以与金刚石互相替代,大大增加了陶瓷的耐压能力。
并且,通过设置通过球磨、高温制得的陶瓷材料,不仅便于各种材料均 与的混合在一起,保证了陶瓷的成功率,而且使陶瓷具备了非常良好的耐高 温强度。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来 将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示 这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、 “包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系 列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明 确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有 的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而 言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行 多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限 定。

Claims (7)

1.一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:具有以下配方(组分及其重量百分比%):粘土10%-20%,石英15%-23%,长石5%-8%,高龄土13%-16%,绢云母5%-6%,滑石6%-7%,石灰13%-15%,MgO1%-1.5%,ZnO1%-1.5%,BaO1.5%-1.2%,Cr2O3 1%-1.2%,SiC1%-1.2%,Si3N4 0.8%-1.2%,ZrO2 1.1%-1.3%,β-BN0.9%-1.2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:所述高龄土的化学方程式为46.54%的SiO2,39.5%的Al2O3,13.96%的H2O,所述高龄土来自于湖南省衡阳县界牌镇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:所述粘土是颗粒非常小的(<2μm)可塑的硅铝酸盐,除了铝外,黏土还包含少量镁、铁、钠、钾和钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:所述长石为KAlSiO、NaAlSiO和CaAlSiO,所述长石富含钾或钠的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:所述ZrO2呈弱碱性或者惰性,所述ZrO2为白色无臭无味晶体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方,其特征在于:所述β-BN为高压型立方结构。
7.一种耐热耐压的陶瓷材料配方的制备方法,其特征在于:制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1、将粘土,石英,长石,高龄土,绢云母,滑石,石灰,MgO,ZnO,BaO,Cr2O3,SiC,Si3N4,ZrO2,β-BN按照预定的比例在转速为310r/min的高速混合机的内部进行快速混合,直至混合均匀;
步骤2、将混合均与的物料在球磨机、V形混料机、锥形混料机、酒桶式混料机、螺旋混料机任意一个机器内以水为介质进行3-5h湿磨后烘干,烘干温度为100℃左右最佳;
步骤3、在物料中加速聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、甘油丙酮其中的一种或多种塑化剂使塑料具有可塑性;
步骤4、粉末过细时,流动性差,装模容积大,不易压制和充模,需制粒,可采用普通制粒、压块制粒或者喷雾制粒法其中的任意一种;
步骤5、将步骤4内部的物料进行1535℃高温烧结3.5h,之后进行冷却,制备得到成品。
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