CN107509998A - 一种山药罐头及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种山药罐头的制作方法,包括以下步骤:将山药清洗净削皮,然后切成山药片或山药丁或山药条中的一种备用;将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100~120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10~30s;取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为‑60~‑45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为‑10℃以下保存即可。本方法采用加压蒸汽进行杀菌,可以在杀菌的同时保持其色香味以及外部形状,充入氮气来隔绝空气可以有效的抑制细菌的生长繁殖,延缓罐内食品本身细胞的代谢速度,延长保质期,且不需要在添加防腐剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种山药罐头及其制作方法。
背景技术
山药是一种常见的食品,属于多年生草本植物,具有健脾、补肺、固肾、益精的功效,可以增强免疫功能及降低血糖等。山药的预处理过程繁琐,而且很容易氧化变黑,影响观感,如果使用山药罐头,虽然可以避免山药氧化变黑,但是罐头的制作过程中会加入防腐剂,防腐剂对人的健康会产生不利的影响,若不添加防腐剂,现有的罐头的保鲜时间就会受到影响。所以现在人们急需一种不添加防腐剂且保鲜时间较长的山药罐头。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种山药罐头,该山药罐头不添加任何防腐剂且保存时间较长。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种山药罐头的制作方法,该方法步骤简单,加工方便,原料易得。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成山药片或山药丁或山药条中的一种,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100~120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10~30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60~-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
本发明还提供了一种山药罐头的制作方法,它包括以下步骤:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成山药片或山药丁或山药条中的一种,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100~120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10~30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60~-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
本发明的优点:本发明所提供的一种山药罐头,其加工过程采用加压蒸汽进行杀菌,加压蒸汽杀菌属于高温短时的杀菌方式,对于食品来说更容易保持其色香味以及外部形状,蒸汽温度比沸水温度高,而且渗透能力较强可以有效杀死细菌芽孢,破坏病毒核酸结构,有着很强的杀菌消毒的效果。氮气属于惰性气体,向其中充入惰性气体来隔绝空气可以有效的抑制细菌的生长繁殖,延缓罐内食品本身细胞的代谢速度,从而延长保鲜时间至18个月,氮气加入后不需要在添加防腐剂而且无酸化、无温变、无射线辐照,安全环保。
该山药罐头的制作方法步骤简单,加工方便,原料易得成本低,适合在行业内推广使用。
对本发明所述的一种山药罐头的制作方法,其优选方案如下:
作为优选的,所述的步骤(1)中山药片为直径3~4cm、厚度为3~4mm的圆片状,山药丁为边长为1~2cm的立方体状,山药条为长5~6cm,宽、高均为1~2cm的长方体状。
作为优选的,所述的步骤(2)中蒸汽温度为110℃,杀菌时间为20s,所述的步骤(4)中氮气温度为-52.5℃。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成直径3~4cm、厚度为3~4mm的圆片状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例二:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成直径3~4cm、厚度为3~4mm的圆片状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为110℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为20s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-52.5℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例三:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成直径3~4cm、厚度为3~4mm的圆片状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例四:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成边长为1~2cm的立方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例五:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成边长为1~2cm的立方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为110℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为20s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-52.5℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例六:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成边长为1~2cm的立方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例七:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成长5~6cm,宽、高均为1~2cm的长方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例八:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成长5~6cm,宽、高均为1~2cm的长方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为110℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为20s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-52.5℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
实施例九:
一种山药罐头,由以下方法制得:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成长5~6cm,宽、高均为1~2cm的长方体状,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
为证明本发明的实际效果,现做出以下评价试验进行表征:
实验准备:
取按照实施例二、实施例五和实施例八所述方法制作的三种山药罐头各200罐,每种山药罐头分为一组,分别为实验组一、实验组二和实验组三,取一种现有的在售的山药罐头200罐设为对照组。
实验过程:
将实验组和对照组在相同环境下保存,环境温度为-10℃,湿度为30%RH,每个月按照GB/T 4789.26-2003标准对其进行商业无菌检测,每次检测取样10罐,剩余样品继续按照相同环境保存。
每次检测实验后记录符合商业无菌条件的样品数,结果见表一。
表一:
由于从第十二月开始对照组的实验结果均不符合商业无菌的条件,所以从第十五月开始就停止对对照组商业无菌的检测。
由上表数据可以看出,本发明所提供的一种山药罐头的制作方法制作的山药罐头,其保质期较现有的山药罐头有明显的加长,实验组的山药罐头保质期可以达到18个月左右,而对照组的现有山药罐头保质期仅为6个月左右。
Claims (4)
1.一种山药罐头的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将山药清洗干净并削皮,然后将去皮后的山药切成山药片或山药丁或山药条中的一种,备用;
(2)将切好的山药放入蒸汽杀菌锅中进行杀菌处理,蒸汽杀菌锅的蒸汽温度为100~120℃,蒸汽压力为1.4atm,杀菌时间为10~30s;
(3)取300g杀菌后的山药、150g蒸馏水装入一个容积为500ml的无菌玻璃罐中;
(4)向玻璃罐中充入10ml氮气,氮气温度为-60~-45℃,然后将其密封并且在环境温度为-10℃以下保存即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种山药罐头的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(1)中山药片为直径3~4cm、厚度为3~4mm的圆片状,山药丁为边长为1~2cm的立方体状,山药条为长5~6cm,宽、高均为1~2cm的长方体状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种山药罐头的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(2)中蒸汽温度为110℃,杀菌时间为20s,所述的步骤(4)中氮气温度为-52.5℃。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种山药罐头的制作方法制作的一种山药罐头。
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