CN107488039A - 一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法,属于无机非金属材料领域。硅基氮氧化物粉体制备方法包括下列步骤:a、根据硅基氮氧化物MxSiyNzO化学式,在二氧化硅溶胶中混入金属M的原料,使其均匀分散或溶解,获得前驱体溶胶;b、前驱体溶胶转变为凝胶,干燥、粉碎、过筛,获得前驱体凝胶M‑Si‑O粉体;c、前驱体凝胶粉体在含氮气氛下,加热分解,经还原氮化,获得硅基氮氧化物粉体。本发明工艺过程简单,成本低廉;氮由氨气提供,控制反应条件可调控硅基氮氧化物的氮氧比,获得所设计的成分,避免碳对作为荧光粉应用的不利影响。本方法制备的硅基氮氧化物粉体可作为纳米氮氧化物陶瓷的粉体原料或荧光粉使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法,属于无机非金属材料领域。本方法制备出的硅基氮氧化物粉体具有纯度高、无残碳、纳米粒径、团聚小、易分散的优点,可用作纳米氮氧化物陶瓷的粉体原料,也可以掺杂稀土获得特定发光性能的荧光粉。
背景技术
硅基氮氧化物(M-Si-N-O)指含有Si、N、O以及金属元素M的化合物及其相关固溶体的总称,其中M代表一种或多种金属元素。常见的硅基氮氧化物有M-α-SiAlON(M=Mg、Li、Y以及稀土),β-SiAlON,MSi2N2O2(M=Ca、Sr、Ba),Ba3Si6O9N4,Ba3Si6O12N2等,而金属离子被不同程度的取代所形成一系列固溶体也属于硅基氮氧化物,如(M)1-xSiyOzN2+4y-2z:xEu,其中M代表Ca、Sr、Ba中的一种或两种等。
硅基氮氧化物如塞隆(SiAlON)等可用作结构陶瓷,替代热压烧结Si3N4陶瓷作为高温结构部件使用。硅基氮氧化物也可作为荧光粉,通过掺杂不同的金属离子获得特殊的光学性能,应用于发光等领域。
现有的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,主要包括高温固相反应法、高温自蔓延法、碳热还原法等。高温固相法需要使用氮化物原料,如金属氮化物和Si3N4粉末等,以提供N 源和Si源或金属M源。金属氮化物不仅昂贵,而且非常容易水解,合成工艺复杂、困难。Si3N4共价键强、扩散系数低、反应活性差,需要较高的合成温度(1500-2000℃),所得产物会产生硬团聚,而且颗粒粗大。高温自蔓延法需要在较高的温度和压力下反应,由于温度高(可达2000℃),金属以及Si的挥发使得反应不均匀,产物纯度不高(孟录, 张海军, 钟香崇. 高温氮化反应合成Ca-α-SiAlON[J]. 耐火材料, 40[4]: 260-264 (2006))。碳热还原法反应过程复杂,通常需要加入过量的碳,产品中除目标产物外通常还有SiC或者残碳,而碳及SiC的存在会严重影响硅基氮氧化物粉体的发光性能以及外观(T. Suehiro, N. Hirosaki,R. J. Xie, M. Mitomo. Powder synthesis of Ca-α-SiAlON as a host material forphosphors [J]. Chem. Mater, 17: 308-314 (2005))。
现有的硅基氮氧化物粉体制备技术难以获得纯度高、团聚小、无残碳的超细粉体。为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法。本方法所述的硅基氮氧化物(M-Si-N-O),指含有Si、N、O以及金属元素M的化合物及其相关固溶体的总称,其中M代表一种或多种金属元素。
本发明所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体制备方法包括下列步骤:a、根据所设计的硅基氮氧化物MxSiyNzO化学式,按照比例在二氧化硅溶胶中混入金属M的原料,通过溶解、搅拌、超声、研磨、球磨等方式,使金属M原料均匀分散或溶解在二氧化硅溶胶中,获得前驱体溶胶;b、通过调节溶胶的pH值或者加热烘干等方式,将前驱体溶胶转变为凝胶,经干燥、粉碎、过筛,获得含有金属元素M和Si的前驱体凝胶M-Si-O粉体;c、前驱体凝胶粉体装入坩埚中,在含氮气氛下,加热分解,经还原氮化,获得硅基氮氧化物粉体。
a步骤中,二氧化硅溶胶可以通过水玻璃离子交换法、硅粉直接水解法以及有机硅酸酯经水解获得。
a步骤中,所述的有机硅酸酯包括但不限于硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯、硅酸丁酯等有机硅酸酯中的一种或几种。
a步骤中,所述的金属M可以是一种或多种主族金属元素、过渡金属元素以及稀土金属元素的组合。
a步骤中,所述的金属M的原料包括但不限于M的氧化物、氢氧化物、溶胶以及卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐等相应的无机盐原料。
c步骤中,所述的氮化气氛为纯氨气气氛,或氨气和氮气/氩气/氢气等不含氧和碳的气氛中的一种或几种混合气氛;氮化气氛中氨气的体积分数占混合气体体积分数的10%-100%,混合气体流量0.1L~10L/min,根据硅基氮氧化物MxSiyNzO化学式中的N/O比和加热条件调整。
c步骤中,所述的氮化温度为800~1600oC,升温速率1~10oC/min,保温1~5h;加热过程中前驱体M-Si-O粉体分解脱除水和相应气体,转变为高活性的氧化物,并与氨气反应,氮原子取代Si-O或M-O上的氧原子,得到硅基氮氧化物。
一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,采用上述方法制备得到,具有纯度高、无残碳、纳米粒径、团聚小、易分散的特点,可作为纳米氮氧化物陶瓷的粉体原料。
一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,采用上述方法制备得到,在合成过程掺杂激活离子元素包括但不限于稀土元素镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥,过渡金属元素钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、铌、钼、锝、钌、铑、钯、银、镉、铪、钽、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金、汞等可获得具有发光性能的荧光粉。
本发明所涉及硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法,相比现有技术具有如下有益效果:
(1)硅基氮氧化物中的氮由氨气提供,控制反应条件可调控硅基氮氧化物的氮氧比,获得所设计的成分;
(2)用凝胶法制备先驱体原料,提高了原料中各成分的混合均匀度,显著降低氮化反应的温度和时间,可获得团聚程度低的纳米粒径粉体;
(3)成本低廉,工艺过程简单,不使用含碳的原料,彻底避免碳对硅基氮氧化物粉体作为荧光粉应用的不利影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明所涉及的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备流程示意图;
图2 是实施例1中所得硅基氮氧化物粉体AlSi5N7O的X射线衍射图;
图3 是实施例1中所得硅基氮氧化物粉体AlSi5N7O的电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
本发明硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a、根据所设计的硅基氮氧化物MxSiyNzO化学式,按照比例在二氧化硅溶胶中混入金属M的原料,通过溶解、搅拌、超声、研磨、球磨等方式,使金属M原料均匀分散或溶解在二氧化硅溶胶中,获得前驱体溶胶;b、通过调节溶胶的pH值或者加热烘干等方式,将前驱体溶胶转变为凝胶,经干燥、粉碎、过筛,获得含有金属元素M和Si的前驱体凝胶M-Si-O粉体;c、前驱体凝胶粉体装入坩埚中,在含氮气氛下,加热分解,经还原氮化,获得硅基氮氧化物粉体。
a步骤中,二氧化硅溶胶可以通过水玻璃离子交换法、硅粉直接水解法以及有机硅酸酯经水解获得。
a步骤中,所述的有机硅酸酯包括但不限于硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯、硅酸丁酯等有机硅酸酯中的一种或几种。
a步骤中,所述的金属M可以是一种或多种主族金属元素、过渡金属元素以及稀土金属元素的组合。
a步骤中,所述的金属M的原料包括但不限于M的氧化物、氢氧化物、溶胶以及卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐等相应的无机盐原料。
c步骤中,所述的氮化气氛为纯氨气气氛,或氨气和氮气/氩气/氢气等不含氧和碳的气氛中的一种或几种混合气氛;氮化气氛中氨气的体积分数占混合气体体积分数的10%-100%,混合气体流量0.1L~10L/min,根据硅基氮氧化物MxSiyNzO化学式中的N/O比和加热条件调整。
c步骤中,所述的氮化温度为800~1600oC,升温速率1~10oC/min,保温1~5h;加热过程中前驱体M-Si-O粉体分解脱除水和相应气体,转变为高活性的氧化物,并与氨气反应,氮原子取代Si-O或M-O上的氧原子,得到硅基氮氧化物。
一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,采用上述方法制备得到,具有纯度高、无残碳、纳米粒径、团聚小、易分散的特点,可作为纳米氮氧化物陶瓷的粉体原料。
一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,采用上述方法制备得到,在合成过程掺杂激活离子元素包括但不限于稀土元素镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥,过渡金属元素钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、铌、钼、锝、钌、铑、钯、银、镉、铪、钽、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金、汞等可获得具有发光性能的荧光粉。
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
结晶氯化铝(AlCl3.6H2O)2.41g溶解于10ml去离子水中,然后加入40ml乙醇和10.4g正硅酸乙酯,在60oC水浴水解12h得到Al-Si-O凝胶。经80oC烘箱干燥24h,干磨2h,经325目过筛,送入管式气氛炉。抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气和氮气混合气氛(NH3:N2=80:20)1.5L/min,以3oC/min速率升温至1400oC,保温3h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物AlSi5N7O粉体。所得产物的XRD分析见附图2,所有的衍射峰都归属于β-AlSi5N7O,证明是纯度很高的目标产物AlSi5N7O。产物的扫描电子显微镜照片见附图3,为近球形纳米粉体。
实施例2
新鲜氧化钙0.56g分散到20ml去离子水中形成淤浆,然后和用水玻璃离子交换法所得到的二氧化硅溶胶(二氧化硅固含量20wt%)6g搅拌混合后,60oC烘箱干燥12h,得到Ca-Si-O凝胶。凝胶干磨2h,经325目过筛,送入管式气氛炉。抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气1L/min,以5oC/min速率升温至1300oC,保温3h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物CaSi2N2O粉体。
实施例3
将实施例2中的氧化钙用碳酸钡(BaCO3)1.97g代替,其余制备过程同实施例2,得到硅基氮氧化物BaSi2N2O粉体。
实施例4
结晶硝酸锶(Sr(NO3)2.4H2O)2.836g溶解到20ml去离子水中,其余制备过程同实施例2,得到硅基氮氧化物SrSi2N2O粉体。
实施例5
碳酸钙(CaCO3)2g,碳酸钡(BaCO3)55.258g与用硅粉直接水解法所得到的二氧化硅溶胶(二氧化硅固含量25wt%)144g球磨2h混合后,100oC烘箱干燥12h,得到Ca-Ba-Si-O凝胶。凝胶干磨12h,经325目过筛,取其中2g送入管式气氛炉。抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气和氢气混合气氛(NH3:H2=50:50)10L/min,以3oC/min速率升温至1350oC,保温2h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物Ba2.8Ca0.2Si6N2O12粉体。
实施例6
结晶硝酸锶(Sr(NO3)2.4H2O)2.836g,结晶硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3.18H2O)3.33g溶解于20g去离子水中,加入硅酸甲酯3.04g和乙醇40ml,25oC水解反应2h后再加入氨水调节pH至5-7,继续反应10h得到果冻状凝胶。经100oC烘箱干燥12h,干磨2h, 325目过筛得到Sr-Al-Si-O干凝胶粉末。送入管式气氛炉,抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气和氢气混合气氛(NH3:Ar=90:10)1L/min,以3oC/min速率升温至1350oC,保温2h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物SrAlSi2N2O3粉体。
实施例7
结晶硝酸钇(Y(NO3)3.6H2O)3.83g,结晶硝酸镁(Mg(NO3)2.6H2O)2.56g溶解于20g去离子水中,加入硅酸乙酯4.16g和乙醇50ml,25oC水解反应2h后再加入氨水调节pH至5-7,继续反应10h得到果冻状凝胶。经100oC烘箱干燥12h,干磨2h, 325目过筛得到Y-Mg-Si-O干凝胶粉末。送入管式气氛炉,抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气和氢气混合气氛(NH3:Ar=90:10)1.2L/min,以3oC/min速率升温至1300oC,保温2h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物YMgSi2NO5粉体。
实施例8
结晶硝酸钇(Y(NO3)3.6H2O)15.32g溶解于50g去离子水中,勃姆石溶胶4g(含氧化铝0.51g)用稀硝酸胶溶分散后与硝酸钇溶液混合,加入硅酸乙酯2.08g和乙醇60ml,25oC水解反应2h后再加入氨水调节pH至5-7,继续反应10h得到果冻状凝胶。经100oC烘箱干燥12h,干磨2h, 325目过筛得到Y-Al-Si-O干凝胶粉末。送入管式气氛炉,抽真空通氮气排除空气3次后,通入氨气和氢气混合气氛(NH3:Ar=90:10)0.5L/min,以3oC/min速率升温至1350oC,保温4h,随炉降温,得到硅基氮氧化物Y4AlSiNO8粉体。
实施例9
将实施例5中的碳酸钡减少为49.7322g,同时加入结晶硝酸铽(Tb(NO3)3.6H2O)1.2684g,其余制备过程同实施例5,得到硅基氮氧化物Ba2.8Ca0.2Si6N2O12:Tb2+荧光粉体。
实施例10
在实施例8中的原料中加入0.0089g结晶硝酸铕,其余制备过程同实施例8,得到硅基氮氧化物Y4AlSiNO8:Eu2+荧光粉体。
以上列举的仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的若干个具体实施例说明,并非用来限制本发明的保护范围。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例。本领域的相关技术人员,通过对本发明的技术方法进行修改或者等同替代,而不脱离本发明技术方案的原理、形状、构造、特征、精神等变化与修饰,均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之中。
Claims (11)
1.一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述的硅基氮氧化物(M-Si-N-O),指含有Si、N、O以及金属元素M的化合物及其相关固溶体的总称,其中M代表一种或多种金属元素。
2.一种硅基氮氧化物粉体及其制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:a、根据所设计的硅基氮氧化物粉体MxSiyNzO化学式,按照比例在二氧化硅溶胶中混入金属M的原料,通过溶解、搅拌、超声、研磨、球磨等方式,使金属M原料均匀分散或溶解在二氧化硅溶胶中,获得前驱体溶胶;b、通过调节溶胶的pH值或者加热烘干等方式,将前驱体溶胶转变为凝胶,经干燥、粉碎、过筛,获得含有金属元素M和Si的前驱体凝胶M-Si-O粉体;c、前驱体凝胶粉体装入坩埚中,在含氮气氛下,加热分解,经还原氮化,获得硅基氮氧化物粉体粉体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:a步骤中,二氧化硅溶胶可以通过水玻璃离子交换法、硅粉直接水解法以及有机硅酸酯经水解获得。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:a步骤中,所述的有机硅酸酯包括但不限于硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯、硅酸丁酯等有机硅酸酯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:a步骤中,所述的金属M可以是一种或多种主族金属元素、过渡金属元素以及稀土金属元素的组合。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:a步骤中,所述的金属M的原料包括但不限于M的氧化物、氢氧化物、溶胶以及卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐等相应的无机盐原料。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:c步骤中,所述的氮化气氛为纯氨气气氛,或氨气和氮气/氩气/氢气等不含氧和碳的气氛中的一种或几种混合气氛;氮化气氛中氨气的体积分数占混合气体体积分数的10%-100%,混合气体流量0.1L~10L/min,根据硅基氮氧化物粉体MxSiyNzO化学式中的N/O比和加热条件调整。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅基氮氧化物粉体的制备方法,其特征在于:c步骤中,所述的氮化温度为800~1600oC,升温速率1~10oC/min,保温1~5h;加热过程中前驱体M-Si-O粉体分解脱除水和相应气体,转变为高活性的氧化物,并与氨气反应,氮原子取代Si-O或M-O上的氧原子,得到硅基氮氧化物粉体。
9.一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,其特征在于:所述硅基氮氧化物粉体采用权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制备得到。
10.一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,其特征在于:具有纯度高、无残碳、纳米粒径、团聚小、易分散的特点,可作为纳米氮氧化物陶瓷的粉体原料。
11.一种硅基氮氧化物粉体,其特征在于:采用上述方法制备得到,在合成过程掺杂激活离子元素包括但不限于稀土元素镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥,过渡金属元素钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钇、锆、铌、钼、锝、钌、铑、钯、银、镉、铪、钽、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金、汞等,可获得具有发光性能的荧光粉。
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CN108640092A (zh) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-10-12 | 南京大学 | 一种含氧化合物辅助一步氮化法制备金属氮化物薄膜的方法 |
CN109928763A (zh) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-06-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 一种钽基氧氮化物纳米粉及其制备方法 |
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