CN107466624A

CN107466624A - A kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon

Info

Publication number: CN107466624A
Application number: CN201710599536.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐榜结
Original assignee: Guiping City Meng Wei Zhen Fire Breeding Cooperatives
Current assignee: Guiping City Meng Wei Zhen Fire Breeding Cooperatives
Priority date: 2017-07-21
Filing date: 2017-07-21
Publication date: 2017-12-15

Abstract

The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, specially a kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon, including following 7 steps：Seeding and seedling raising, field planting, rich water quality management, built and whole climing, artificial supplementary pollination, select and remain young melon, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Technical scheme design science is reasonable, and method is easy and effective, can significantly improve Winter melon yield per unit area, and the Winter melon quality cultivated is excellent, and pest and disease damage is few, reaches the purpose of high-quality Winter melon high-yield culturing, obtains significant economic benefit.

Description

A kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, specially a kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon.

Background technology

Wax gourd, Curcurbitaceae Benincasa is annual to overgrow or the raw herbaceous plant of frame, and stem has rib ditch by yellowish-brown bristle and long pubescence, Petiole is sturdy, and by thick and stiff hair and long pubescence, monoecism, flower Dan Sheng, the oval column of fruit or near spherical is large-scale, have bristle and Bloom, seed is avette, and its is nutritious, the nutrient such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium rich in multivitamin and needed by human body, wax gourd Young melon and ripe melon all edibles, wax gourd nature and flavor are sweet cool, have the effect of heat-clearing, eliminating the phlegm, removing toxic substances, detumescence, diuresis.Ripe wax gourd Juice has treatment epileptics, urinary system infection contamination and bile disease and other effects, and has antiulcer activity, also has to heart patient certain Therapeutic action, it is a kind of good Dietotherapy health vegetables.

It is increasing to the demand of healthy food such as Winter melon now with the improvement of people's living standards, simultaneously Quality also requires more and more higher, but due to the extensive transfer of Rural Areas at Present labour, the labour needed for agricultural production is obvious Deficiency, therefore there is an urgent need to a kind of high-quality, high yield Winter melon cultural method, to improve plantation efficiency, planting cost is reduced, Alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand of in the market Winter melon.

The content of the invention

For above-mentioned problem, a kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon of the present invention, by selecting suitable broadcast In kind period, to the Cultivation of Winter melon nursery, rationally controlled applying fertilizer and rich water quality management, effectively preventing and treating is blue or green The pest and disease damage of skin wax gourd, hence in so that Winter melon yield is high, quality is excellent, in good taste, meet need of the people to Winter melon Ask, effectively alleviate imbalance between supply and demand.

In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：

A kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon, it is characterised in that：By seeding and seedling raising, field planting, rich water quality management, built with it is whole Climing, artificial supplementary pollination, select and remain young melon, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally seven step compositions.

The Winter melon for planting out according to above-mentioned steps, individual big fruit, profile just, it is in good taste, easily storage and transport, no It is perishable.

Further, the seeding and seedling raising comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Seed treatment：Presoaking and germinating and sterilization must be carried out before the sowing of Winter melon seed, with 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid Seed 15 minutes is soaked, the seed after sterilization soaks 4-6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water, picks up vernalization, and germination temperature is 28 DEG C- 32℃；

Step（2）Nursery：After planting covered, transplanted when seedling grows a leaf wholeheartedly in nutrient bag, nutrient bag rule with film shed Lattice are 16 × 20cm, and Nutrition Soil is mixed by garden mould, decomposed animal dung slag, rice husk ash, and proportions 5: 2: 1, another to add 0.2%-0.4% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need to be attenuated and be mixed, and the garden mould need to sieve through roasting shine.

Further, the field planting comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Selection of land：Choosing never planted melon crop newly or carried out rice field-upland field rotation 3-6 field plantation；

Step（2）Play railway carriage or compartment site preparation：110cm-120cm, furrow width 50cm are made in railway carriage or compartment face, field surrounding has circular groove, and ditch ditch communicates, together When by planting site rise furrow plough deeply, the high 30cm of furrow, the wide 280-300cm of furrow face；

Step（3）Rational close planting：When temperature it is stable more than 15 DEG C when select fine day to be transplanted, nutrient bag need to be removed during field planting Go, a line, spacing in the rows 50-70cm are planted per railway carriage or compartment, mu plants 400-500 strains, drenches root water after plant.

Further, the rich water quality management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Use sufficient base manure：Base manure opens long ditch buriing, every mu of organic fertilizer 1800-2600 when playing railway carriage or compartment site preparation among railway carriage or compartment Kilogram, 40-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 35-45 kilograms of soya-bean cake, for loamy soil or clay soil, every mu also needs to add azophoska 30-40 kilograms of Hefei, 16-20 kilograms of urea, progress holostrome is mixed to be applied；The elements such as calcium superphosphate supply Winter melon phosphorus, calcium, sulphur, With improvement basic soil effect, it can be used as base manure, foliage top dressing, foliage spray, be used in mixed way with nitrogenous fertilizer, there is nitrogen fixation, The loss of nitrogen is reduced, the germinateing of plant, long root, branch, solid and ripe can be promoted, can be used as producing the raw material of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer；

Step（2）Ingeniously apply seed manure：When seedling grows 5-6 piece true leaves, every mu is applied 10-15 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, urea 8-10 Kilogram, start to control fertilizer control water after first female flower opens；This is, increase plant nutrition accumulation, beneficial to female climing in order to promote to stretch Colored formation and seat melon, prevent excessive growth, flower-holding and fruit-bearing.

Step（3）Melon fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing：Strengthen rich water quality management when fruit length is to 3-5 kilograms, every mu is applied nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-20 kilograms, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 5-8 kilograms of potassium chloride, applied every 10-15 days once, continuously apply 3-5 times, fertilising needs simultaneously Pour water in time, pour water and carried out in the morning, fill to the draining immediately after full railway carriage or compartment moistens at the high half in railway carriage or compartment.

Further, the built climing refers to after field planting i.e. built draws climing, the high 150- of frame when height of seedling 50-60cm with whole 160cm, 92 ㎝ of frame bottom width~98cm, extracts all lateral bines before bearing fruit, 1-3 bar lateral bines are stayed when weighing 3-5 kilograms to fruit.

Further, the method for the artificial supplementary pollination is the male flower for selecting just to have opened, and is removed flower pesticide is past after petal Gently smeared on female chapiter, the time is 8-9 points every morning of duration of flowering.

Because the flower of wax gourd is the different flower of monoecism, artificial pollination need to be carried out to improve seat melon rate.

Further, it is described to select and remain young melon and refer to that selection is overgrow long thick internode section, the generally internode in 22-26 in melon On select and remain 1-3 in the same size and whole bodies drape over one's shoulders the glossiness young melon of full fine hair up and down, extractd after sitting melon when its diameter reaches 10cm Preparation melon, one climing stays a melon.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is by using cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical prevention phase With reference to mode carry out, the cultural control refer to use with non-melon crop carry out 3-5 rice field-upland field rotation, applying organic manure, Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, control nitrogenous fertilizer, and the biological control refers to, using gyplure device trapping melonfly, every mu of suspension 4-6, make Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated with the biogenic pesticide of agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycin antibiotic and nimbin, matrine, AVM, is adopted Liriomyza is prevented and treated with AVM and pathogenicity test, the physical control refer to be covered with Silver Grey Mulching Film, utilizes frequency trembler lamps The adult of the moth pests and beetle is trapped and killed, every 10 mu of ground hangs 1, utilizes the taxis of yellow of aphid and aleyrodid, every mu of ground suspension 25cm × 40cm Huang plates are trapped and killed it, and the chemical prevention refers to 200 times of liquid with the withered peaceful 800 times of liquid of melon or pesticide corrosion 120 Or 70% fenaminosulf, 600 times of liquid irrigating roots, needed after heavy rain or heavy rain with the more Mils of 58% thunder or the white 600 times of liquid or 12% of 72% gram of epidemic disease 800 times of liquid of copper rosinate spray.

Further, the seeding and seedling raising time South China be at the beginning of -3 months mid-Januarys, the middle ten days mid-July -8, North China For by the end of January-mid-February.

Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：

A kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon of the present invention, broadcast by the time suitable with arrangement in the season that reasonable selection is cultivated Kind, then by reasonable selection of land and fertilising, plus the field management of science, in addition to effective preventing and treating of wax gourd pest and disease damage, greatly carry The high yield of Winter melon, while make it that wax gourd seedling is healthy and strong, strong stress resistance, wax gourd fruit is big, profile just, average every mu of increasing 16%-22% is produced, the income increase of planting household is notable, while the wax gourd fruit harvested by cultural method of the invention easily stores And transport, it is not likely to produce rotten, therefore is had broad application prospects in technical field of crop cultivation, be adapted to the big rule of industrialization Mould develops.

Embodiment

With reference to embodiment to a kind of cultural method of wax gourd high yield of the present invention, it is described further.

Embodiment 1

A kind of cultural method of high-quality Winter melon, awarded by seeding and seedling raising, field planting, rich water quality management, built and whole climing, human assistance Powder, select and remain young melon, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally seven step compositions.

Further, the seeding and seedling raising comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Seed treatment：Presoaking and germinating and sterilization must be carried out before the sowing of Winter melon seed, with 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid Soak seed 15 minutes, the seed after sterilization soaks 6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water, picks up vernalization, and germination temperature is 32 DEG C；

Step（2）Nursery：After planting covered, transplanted when seedling grows a leaf wholeheartedly in nutrient bag, nutrient bag rule with film shed Lattice are 16 × 20cm, and Nutrition Soil is mixed by garden mould, decomposed animal dung slag, rice husk ash, and proportions 5: 2: 1, another to add 0.4% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need to be attenuated and be mixed, and the garden mould need to sieve through roasting shine；The sowing Nursery time South China be at the beginning of -3 months mid-Januarys, the middle ten days mid-July -8, North China is by the end of January-mid-February.

Further, the field planting comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Selection of land：Choosing never planted melon crop newly or carried out rice field-upland field rotation 6 years field plantation；

Step（2）Play railway carriage or compartment site preparation：Railway carriage or compartment face is made 120cm is high, and furrow width 50cm, field surrounding has circular groove, ditch ditch communicates, and simultaneously will Planting site plays furrow and ploughed deeply, the high 30cm of furrow, the wide 300cm of furrow face；

Step（3）Rational close planting：When temperature it is stable more than 15 DEG C when select fine day to be transplanted, nutrient bag need to be removed during field planting Go, a line, spacing in the rows 70cm are planted per railway carriage or compartment, mu plants 500 plants, root water is drenched after plant.

Further, the rich water quality management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Use sufficient base manure：Base manure opens long ditch buriing when playing railway carriage or compartment site preparation among railway carriage or compartment, every mu of 2600 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 45 kilograms of soya-bean cake, for loamy soil or clay soil, every mu also needs to add 40 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20 kilograms of urea, progress holostrome is mixed to be applied；

Step（2）Ingeniously apply seed manure：When seedling grows 6 true leaves, every mu is applied 15 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10 kilograms of urea, is treated First female flower starts to control fertilizer control water after opening；

Step（3）Melon fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing：Strengthen rich water quality management when fruit length is to 5 kilograms, every mu is applied 20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15 kilograms of urea, 8 kilograms of potassium chloride, was applied once every 15 days, was continuously applied 5 times, and fertilising need to pour water in time simultaneously, pour water and enter in the morning OK, fill to the draining immediately after full railway carriage or compartment moistens at the high half in railway carriage or compartment.

Further, the built climing refers to after field planting i.e. built draws climing, the high 160cm of frame, frame when height of seedling 60cm with whole Bottom width 98cm, all lateral bines are extractd before bearing fruit, 3 lateral bines are stayed when weighing 5 kilograms to fruit.

Further, it is described to select and remain young melon and refer to that selection is overgrow long thick internode section, the generally internode in 22-26 in melon On select and remain that about 3 in the same size and whole body drapes over one's shoulders the glossiness young melon of full fine hair, sit after melon and extractd in advance when its diameter reach 10cm Standby melon, one climing stays a melon.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is by using cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical prevention phase With reference to mode carry out, the cultural control refer to use and non-melon crop carry out rice field-upland field rotation in 5 years, applying organic manure, phosphorus Fertilizer, potash fertilizer, control nitrogenous fertilizer, and the biological control refers to that every mu is hung 6, uses agriculture using gyplure device trapping melonfly Prevent and treat pest and disease damage with the biogenic pesticide of streptomysin, new phytomycin antibiotic and nimbin, matrine, AVM, using Ah Dimension rhzomorph preventing and treating Liriomyza and pathogenicity test, the physical control are referred to be covered with Silver Grey Mulching Film, trapped and killed using frequency trembler lamps The moth pests and the adult of beetle, every 10 mu of ground hang 1, using the taxis of yellow of aphid and aleyrodid, every mu of ground suspension 25cm × 40cm Huang plates are trapped and killed it, and the chemical prevention refers to the withered peaceful 800 times of liquid of melon or 200 times of liquid of pesticide corrosion 120 or 70% enemy Gram 600 times of liquid irrigating roots of pine, needed after heavy rain or heavy rain with the more Mils of 58% thunder or the white 600 times of liquid of 72% gram of epidemic disease or 12% resin acid 800 times of liquid of copper spray.

Embodiment 2

Further, the seeding and seedling raising comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Seed treatment：Presoaking and germinating and sterilization must be carried out before the sowing of Winter melon seed, with 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid Soak seed 15 minutes, the seed after sterilization soaks 4 hours again after being cleaned with clear water, picks up vernalization, and germination temperature is 28 DEG C；

Step（2）Nursery：After planting covered, transplanted when seedling grows a leaf wholeheartedly in nutrient bag, nutrient bag rule with film shed Lattice are 16 × 20cm, and Nutrition Soil is mixed by garden mould, decomposed animal dung slag, rice husk ash, and proportions 5: 2: 1, another to add 0.2% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need to be attenuated and be mixed, and the garden mould need to sieve through roasting shine；The sowing Nursery time South China be at the beginning of -3 months mid-Januarys, the middle ten days mid-July -8, North China is by the end of January-mid-February.

Further, the field planting comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Selection of land：Choosing never planted melon crop newly or carried out rice field-upland field rotation 3 years field plantation；

Step（2）Play railway carriage or compartment site preparation：Railway carriage or compartment face is made 110cm is high, and furrow width 50cm, field surrounding has circular groove, ditch ditch communicates, and simultaneously will Planting site plays furrow and ploughed deeply, the high 30cm of furrow, the wide 280cm of furrow face；

Step（3）Rational close planting：When temperature it is stable more than 15 DEG C when select fine day to be transplanted, nutrient bag need to be removed during field planting Go, a line, spacing in the rows 50cm are planted per railway carriage or compartment, mu plants 400 plants, root water is drenched after plant.

Further, the rich water quality management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Use sufficient base manure：Base manure opens long ditch buriing when playing railway carriage or compartment site preparation among railway carriage or compartment, every mu of 1800 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 35 kilograms of soya-bean cake, for loamy soil or clay soil, every mu also needs to add 30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 16 kilograms of urea, progress holostrome is mixed to be applied；

Step（2）Ingeniously apply seed manure：When seedling grows 5 true leaves, every mu is applied 10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 8 kilograms of urea, treats A piece female flower starts to control fertilizer control water after opening；

Step（3）Melon fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing：Strengthen rich water quality management when fruit length is to 3 kilograms, every mu is applied 15 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of potassium chloride, was applied once every 10 days, was continuously applied 3 times, and fertilising need to pour water in time simultaneously, pour water and enter in the morning OK, fill to the draining immediately after full railway carriage or compartment moistens at the high half in railway carriage or compartment.

Further, the built climing refers to after field planting i.e. built draws climing, the high 150cm of frame, frame when height of seedling 50cm with whole Bottom width 92cm, all lateral bines are extractd before bearing fruit, 1 lateral bine is stayed when weighing 3 kilograms to fruit.

Further, it is described to select and remain young melon and refer to that selection is overgrow long thick internode section, the generally internode in 22-26 in melon On select and remain that about 1 in the same size and whole body drapes over one's shoulders the glossiness young melon of full fine hair, sit after melon and extractd in advance when its diameter reach 10cm Standby melon, one climing stays a melon.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is by using cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical prevention phase With reference to mode carry out, the cultural control refer to use and non-melon crop carry out rice field-upland field rotation in 3 years, applying organic manure, phosphorus Fertilizer, potash fertilizer, control nitrogenous fertilizer, and the biological control refers to that every mu is hung 4, uses agriculture using gyplure device trapping melonfly Prevent and treat pest and disease damage with the biogenic pesticide of streptomysin, new phytomycin antibiotic and nimbin, matrine, AVM, using Ah Dimension rhzomorph preventing and treating Liriomyza and pathogenicity test, the physical control are referred to be covered with Silver Grey Mulching Film, trapped and killed using frequency trembler lamps The moth pests and the adult of beetle, every 10 mu of ground hang 1, using the taxis of yellow of aphid and aleyrodid, every mu of ground suspension 25cm × 40cm Huang plates are trapped and killed it, and the chemical prevention refers to the withered peaceful 800 times of liquid of melon or 200 times of liquid of pesticide corrosion 120 or 70% enemy Gram 600 times of liquid irrigating roots of pine, needed after heavy rain or heavy rain with the more Mils of 58% thunder or the white 600 times of liquid of 72% gram of epidemic disease or 12% resin acid 800 times of liquid of copper spray.

Embodiment 3

Further, the seeding and seedling raising comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Seed treatment：Presoaking and germinating and sterilization must be carried out before the sowing of Winter melon seed, with 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid Soak seed 15 minutes, the seed after sterilization soaks 5 hours again after being cleaned with clear water, picks up vernalization, and germination temperature is 30 DEG C；

Step（2）Nursery：After planting covered, transplanted when seedling grows a leaf wholeheartedly in nutrient bag, nutrient bag rule with film shed Lattice are 16 × 20cm, and Nutrition Soil is mixed by garden mould, decomposed animal dung slag, rice husk ash, and proportions 5: 2: 1, another to add 0.3% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need to be attenuated and be mixed, and the garden mould need to sieve through roasting shine；The sowing Nursery time South China be at the beginning of -3 months mid-Januarys, the middle ten days mid-July -8, North China is by the end of January-mid-February.

Further, the field planting comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Selection of land：Choosing never planted melon crop newly or carried out rice field-upland field rotation 5 years field plantation；

Step（2）Play railway carriage or compartment site preparation：115cm, furrow width 50cm are made in railway carriage or compartment face, field surrounding has circular groove, and ditch ditch communicates, while will kind Plant ground furrow to plough deeply, the high 30cm of furrow, the wide 290cm of furrow face；

Step（3）Rational close planting：When temperature it is stable more than 15 DEG C when select fine day to be transplanted, nutrient bag need to be removed during field planting Go, a line, spacing in the rows 60cm are planted per railway carriage or compartment, mu plants 450 plants, root water is drenched after plant.

Further, the rich water quality management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Use sufficient base manure：Base manure opens long ditch buriing when playing railway carriage or compartment site preparation among railway carriage or compartment, every mu of 2200 kilograms of organic fertilizer, Peroxophosphoric acid Ca45 kilogram, 40 kilograms of soya-bean cake, for loamy soil or clay soil, every mu also needs to add 35 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 18 kilograms of urea, progress holostrome is mixed to be applied；

Step（2）Ingeniously apply seed manure：When seedling grows 6 true leaves, every mu is applied 12 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 9 kilograms of urea, treats A piece female flower starts to control fertilizer control water after opening；

Step（3）Melon fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing：Strengthen rich water quality management when fruit length is to 4 kilograms, every mu is applied 16 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 13 kilograms of urea, 7 kilograms of potassium chloride, was applied once every 12 days, was continuously applied 4 times, and fertilising need to pour water in time simultaneously, pour water and enter in the morning OK, fill to the draining immediately after full railway carriage or compartment moistens at the high half in railway carriage or compartment.

Further, the built climing refers to after field planting i.e. built draws climing, the high 155cm of frame, frame when height of seedling 55cm with whole Bottom width 96cm, all lateral bines are extractd before bearing fruit, 2 lateral bines are stayed when weighing 4 kilograms to fruit.

Further, it is described to select and remain young melon and refer to that selection is overgrow long thick internode section, the generally internode in 22-26 in melon On select and remain that about 2 in the same size and whole body drapes over one's shoulders the glossiness young melon of full fine hair, sit after melon and extractd in advance when its diameter reach 10cm Standby melon, one climing stays a melon.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is by using cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical prevention phase With reference to mode carry out, the cultural control refer to use and non-melon crop carry out rice field-upland field rotation in 4 years, applying organic manure, phosphorus Fertilizer, potash fertilizer, control nitrogenous fertilizer, and the biological control refers to that every mu is hung 5, uses agriculture using gyplure device trapping melonfly Prevent and treat pest and disease damage with the biogenic pesticide of streptomysin, new phytomycin antibiotic and nimbin, matrine, AVM, using Ah Dimension rhzomorph preventing and treating Liriomyza and pathogenicity test, the physical control are referred to be covered with Silver Grey Mulching Film, trapped and killed using frequency trembler lamps The moth pests and the adult of beetle, every 10 mu of ground hang 1, using the taxis of yellow of aphid and aleyrodid, every mu of ground suspension 25cm × 40cm Huang plates are trapped and killed it, and the chemical prevention refers to the withered peaceful 800 times of liquid of melon or 200 times of liquid of pesticide corrosion 120 or 70% enemy Gram 600 times of liquid irrigating roots of pine, needed after heavy rain or heavy rain with the more Mils of 58% thunder or the white 600 times of liquid of 72% gram of epidemic disease or 12% resin acid 800 times of liquid of copper spray.

Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by above-described embodiment System, other changes made without departing from the Spirit Essence of the present invention with principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification, be accordingly to be regarded as equivalent Substitute mode, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A kind of 1. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon, it is characterised in that：By seeding and seedling raising, field planting, rich water quality management, built with it is whole Climing, artificial supplementary pollination, select and remain young melon, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally seven step compositions.
A kind of 2. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the seeding and seedling raising bag Include following steps：

Step（1）Seed treatment：Presoaking and germinating and sterilization must be carried out before the sowing of Winter melon seed, with 50% carbendazim, 250 times of liquid Seed 15 minutes is soaked, the seed after sterilization soaks 4-6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water, picks up vernalization, and germination temperature is 28 DEG C- 32℃；

Step（2）Nursery：After planting covered, transplanted when seedling grows a leaf wholeheartedly in nutrient bag, nutrient bag rule with film shed Lattice are 16 × 20cm, and Nutrition Soil is mixed by garden mould, decomposed animal dung slag, rice husk ash, and proportions 5: 2: 1, another to add 0.2%-0.4% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need to be attenuated and be mixed, and the garden mould need to sieve through roasting shine.
A kind of 3. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described field planting include with Lower step：

Step（1）Selection of land：Choosing never planted melon crop newly or carried out rice field-upland field rotation 3-6 field plantation；

Step（2）Play railway carriage or compartment site preparation：110cm-120cm, furrow width 50cm are made in railway carriage or compartment face, field surrounding has circular groove, while will plantation Ground plays furrow and ploughed deeply, the high 30cm of furrow, the wide 280-300cm of furrow face；

Step（3）Rational close planting：When temperature it is stable more than 15 DEG C when select fine day to be transplanted, nutrient bag need to be removed during field planting Go, a line, spacing in the rows 50-70cm are planted per railway carriage or compartment, mu plants 400-500 strains, drenches root water after plant.
A kind of 4. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rich water quality management bag Include following steps：

Step（1）Use sufficient base manure：Base manure opens long ditch buriing, every mu of organic fertilizer 1800-2600 when playing railway carriage or compartment site preparation among railway carriage or compartment Kilogram, 40-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 35-45 kilograms of soya-bean cake, for loamy soil or clay soil, every mu also needs to add azophoska 30-40 kilograms of Hefei, 16-20 kilograms of urea, progress holostrome is mixed to be applied；

Step（2）Ingeniously apply seed manure：When seedling grows 5-6 piece true leaves, every mu is applied 10-15 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, urea 8-10 Kilogram, start to control fertilizer control water after first female flower opens；

Step（3）Melon fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing：Strengthen rich water quality management when fruit length is to 3-5 kilograms, every mu is applied nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-20 Kilogram, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 5-8 kilograms of potassium chloride, applied every 10-15 days once, continuously apply 3-5 times, fertilising need to fill in time simultaneously Water, pour water and carried out in the morning, fill to the draining immediately after full railway carriage or compartment moistens at the high half in railway carriage or compartment.
A kind of 5. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The built with it is whole climing Refer to after field planting i.e. built draws climing when height of seedling 50-60cm, the high 150-160cm of frame, 92 ㎝ of frame bottom width~98cm, extractd before bearing fruit All lateral bines, 1-3 bar lateral bines are stayed when weighing 3-5 kilograms to fruit.
A kind of 6. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The human assistance is awarded The method of powder is the male flower for selecting just to have opened, and is removed flower pesticide after petal toward gently smearing on female chapiter, the time is florescence Between 8-9 points every morning.
A kind of 7. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to select and remain young melon and be Refer to selection to overgrow long thick internode section in melon, selected and remain on 22-26 internode 1-3 up and down in the same size and whole bodies drape over one's shoulders full young pilose antler The glossiness young melon of hair, sit to extract when its diameter reach 10cm after melon and prepare melon, one climing stays a melon.
A kind of 8. cultural method of high-quality Winter melon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The mode that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is combined by using cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical prevention is entered OK, the cultural control refers to use carries out 3-5 rice field-upland field rotation, applying organic manure, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, control with non-melon crop Nitrogenous fertilizer processed, the biological control refer to using gyplure device trapping melonfly, every mu of suspension 4-6, using agricultural streptomycin, New phytomycin antibiotic and nimbin, matrine, the biogenic pesticide preventing and treating pest and disease damage of AVM, are prevented and treated using AVM Liriomyza and pathogenicity test, the physical control refer to be covered with Silver Grey Mulching Film, using frequency trembler lamps trap and kill the moth pests and The adult of beetle, every 10 mu of ground hang 1, utilize the taxis of yellow of aphid and aleyrodid, every mu of ground suspension 25cm × 40cm Huang plate pair It is trapped and killed, and the chemical prevention refers to 600 times of 200 times of liquid or 70% fenaminosulf with the withered peaceful 800 times of liquid of melon or pesticide corrosion 120 Liquid irrigating root, needed after heavy rain or heavy rain with the more Mils of 58% thunder or 72% gram of epidemic disease 800 times of liquid of white 600 times of liquid or 12% copper rosinate Spray.