CN107445422A - A kind of pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method - Google Patents
A kind of pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107445422A CN107445422A CN201710655266.3A CN201710655266A CN107445422A CN 107445422 A CN107445422 A CN 107445422A CN 201710655266 A CN201710655266 A CN 201710655266A CN 107445422 A CN107445422 A CN 107445422A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method of the present invention, it is that bed mud laydown area is set on river course bank, the bottom and surrounding to bed mud laydown area carry out Anti-seeping technology, will be dug out in river course and are added curing agent by heavy metal polluted bed mud, landfill is in bed mud laydown area；Isolated area is set between bed mud laydown area and streamflow passage, at least provided with one of divider wall in isolated area；The area of coverage in situ is set in streamflow passage after dredging, the bottom of isolated area and the bottom of the area of coverage in situ are equipped with the first coating, the second coating and the 3rd coating are additionally provided with first coating of the area of coverage in situ, the filler of first coating is clay and curing agent mixture, second coating is sand grains, and the 3rd coating is cobble and natural zeolite.The present invention can both absorb the heavy metal in bed mud, can contain moisture content again, lift the landscape function in river course；Based technique for in-situ remediation can prevent the release of pollutants in sediments, can improve the water quality purification function in river course again.
Description
Background technology
River bottom mud heavy metal pollution has turned into the great environmental problem in China.Heavy metal is arranged by atmospheric sedimentation, waste water
Put, rain leaching and wash away into water body, then by adsorbing, being complexed, the effect such as precipitating and deposit in bed mud.When environmental condition is sent out
During changing, heavy metal is easily again introduced into water body, forms secondary pollution.Meanwhile benthic main life area and food
Thing source is also bed mud, causes evil to make so the heavy metal in bed mud not only produces intoxicating to the biology in benthon or overlying water
With can also be acted on by biological concentration of food chain etc., further influence human health.Lot of domestic and foreign bed mud in river heavy metal
It is seriously polluted, effectively mitigate bed mud in river heavy metal pollution it is extremely urgent, while using suitable recovery technique remove or
The heavy metal reduced in bed mud has great importance.
The recovery technique of existing heavy metal polluted bed mud can be divided into based technique for in-situ remediation and showering technology.Both
There is the defects of more obvious.In-situ treatment is as disclosed in Chinese document CN105668965A《It is black smelly that one kind is used for surface water body
The combined in-situ method of remedying sludge》, it is proposed that nitrate injection, the addition of modified zirconia zeolite, zeolite/modified zirconia zeolite mixture
Covering, geotextiles parcel Special adsorbent material covering combination technique.But this method is by way of stirring or hydraulic disturbance
Bed mud and modified zirconia zeolite is admixed together, and the heavy metal in bed mud is still suffered from the problem of cannot effectively adsorbing and discharge；
In addition, it is higher using the in-situ treatment system cost of cationic surfactant modified zeolite, inject the chemical agent pair of bed mud
Water body also has the risk of secondary pollution.
Showering is as disclosed in Chinese document CN104803573A《A kind of river heavy metal polluted bed mud dystopy improvement side
Method and system》, this method first removed the cobble in Dredged bed mud and rubble and coarse sand, to after bed mud modifier treatment again
Mud-water separation is carried out, the mud after mud-water separation is sieved, removes fine sand and thick mud.Mud is subjected to mud-water separation again,
The higher bed mud of concentration is nursed one's health by flocculant, and the mud after conditioning is dehydrated, and the bed mud after dehydration and stabilizer are molten
Liquid, which mixes, carries out stable curing processing.But this method need to repeatedly be sieved and mud-water separation, process is complicated, quantities
Greatly.Bed mud after processing need to be transported to the stacking of other places, and freight is high, and due to China's shortage of land resource, find and close
Suitable place difficulty is larger, and heavy metal in bed mud and persistence organic pollutant have seepage to surrounding soil and underground water
The risk of pollution.
The content of the invention
Sealed up for safekeeping for the solidification of current heavy metal polluted bed mud based technique for in-situ remediation and still suffer from release risk and dystopy processing
Complex treatment process, Dredged bed mud cost of transportation existing for technology are high, find and stack place difficulty, secondary pollution risk etc. be present
Problem, the present invention are based on in-situ immobilization and dystopy processing being combined, and propose that a kind of cost is cheap, heavy metal free discharges wind again
It is danger, good without newly account for sludge stockyard, repairing effect, and have a kind of river course for improving riverway water quality purification function and landscape function concurrently
Polluted bed mud ecological restoring method.
The pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method of the present invention, it is：
Bed mud laydown area is set on river course bank, the bottom and surrounding to bed mud laydown area carry out Anti-seeping technology, by river course
In dig out by heavy metal polluted bed mud add curing agent, landfill is in bed mud laydown area；In bed mud laydown area and streamflow
Isolated area is set between passage, at least provided with one of divider wall in isolated area；Set in streamflow passage after dredging former
The bottom of the position area of coverage, the bottom of isolated area and the area of coverage in situ is equipped with the first coating, and the first of the area of coverage in situ covers
It is additionally provided with the second coating and the 3rd coating on cap rock, the filler of the first coating is clay and curing agent mixture,
Two coatings are sand grains, and the 3rd coating is cobble and natural zeolite.
Heavy metal accumulation plant is planted in the bed mud laydown area on the bed mud of landfill, the heavy metal in bed mud is carried out rich
Collection absorbs.
The Anti-seeping technology of the polluted bed mud is to lay one layer of insulation blanket in the bottom of bed mud laydown area and surrounding, it is described every
It is followed successively by bottom, lower floor, upper strata and top layer from the bottom to top from blanket, bottom is non-woven geotextile, and lower floor fills out for heavy metals immobilization
The bed of material, upper strata are bentone soil layer, and top layer is braided geotextile；Filler in heavy metals immobilization packing layer is bentonite, sea
Afrodite and lime stone 1-1.5 in mass ratio:1-1.5:2 mixture.The thickness of the heavy metals immobilization packing layer is 0.5-
1cm, the thickness of bentone soil layer is 0.1-0.5cm.
Maximum interspace in the non-woven geotextile and the braided geotextile is less than 0.2mm, specifically by packing layer
Selective heavy metals immobilization filler and modified alta-mud minimum grain size determine, using be not through absorption and curability filtrate as
It is accurate.
The modified alta-mud is prepared as follows：
(1) by humic acid in mass ratio 1：3-5 ratio is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, after being sufficiently stirred
Filtering, filters out insoluble impurity, is made into humic acid solution；
(2) it is 1.0-3.0 to adjust humic acid solution pH value, is heated -3 hours 1 hour at 50 DEG C -60 DEG C；
(3) humic acid precipitated in heating process is centrifuged, completes the purge process of a humic acid；
(4) repeat the above steps (1), step (2), step (3), until obtaining the purifying humic acid of purity more than 95%；
(5) purifying humic acid is dried into 8-12 hours under the conditions of 40 DEG C -50 DEG C；
(6) natural sodium bentonite raw ore is crossed into 50-150 mesh sieves after drying and be broken and natural sodium bentonite powder is made
Expect (its coefficient of expansion >=10ml/g)；
(7) by humic acid after purification in mass ratio 1：5-10 ratio is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution,
Purifying humic acid solution is made into, natural sodium bentonite powder, natural sodium bentonite powder are added in purifying humic acid solution
The mass ratio of material and purifying humic acid solution is 1：3-5, it is made into mixed liquor；The pH value of mixed liquor is adjusted to 5.0-6.0, then
Mixed liquor is vibrated into 12-18 hours；
(8) mixture after vibration is crossed into 50-100 mesh sieves, the particle of acquisition is that humic acid changes in 60-70 DEG C of drying
The natural sodium bentonite of property.
It is that the curing agent for accounting for bed mud volume 3%-5% is added in polluted bed mud that the polluted bed mud, which adds curing agent, is stirred
Mixing is mixed, landfill is stable 30-45 days in bed mud laydown area；The curing agent is hydroxyapatite and diatomite is in mass ratio
1-1.5:2 mixture.
The bed mud laydown area is close to riverbank side, along river course length direction between bed mud laydown area and riverbank catchment area
Drainage ditch is set, by rainwater-collecting and river course is imported, prevents the rainwater under bank slope confluxes when precipitation is excessive from stacking sludge
Area's polluted bed mud pours river course, causes secondary pollution.
The divider wall is piled up with isolation pocket, and isolation pocket is that natural block is loaded in the sack made of non-woven geotextile
Stone, sand grains and biofilm packing.The isolation pocket is fixed during piling up with geotechnological grid.The isolation pocket be divided into bottom every
From bag, middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation pocket；Filler in bottom isolation pocket is the natural block stones of particle diameter 15-20cm and particle diameter is 1-
3cm haydite, account for the 70% of isolation pocket inner space；Natural block stone that filler in the isolation pocket of middle level is particle diameter 10-15cm and
Porous modified fibre filler, natural block stone account for the 70%-80% in space in bag；Filler in the isolation pocket of top layer is particle diameter 10-
The natural zeolite of 15cm natural block stone and particle diameter 4-8mm, natural block stone account for the 70%-80% in space in bag.Bottom isolation pocket,
The distribution of middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation pocket on the section of river course longitudinal direction is：1. it is directed to depth of the depth of water more than 0.8-1.0 rice
Water river course, from the first coating laid after pollution of river Sediment Dredging in substrate, it is upwardly at the 1/3 of the depth of water and uses bottom
Isolation pocket, from bottom isolation pocket to ordinary water level below use middle level isolation pocket at 30cm, in ordinary water level above 20cm to ordinary water level
Following 30cm uses top layer isolation pocket；2. for the shallow water river channel within depth of water 0.8-1.0 rice, after pollution of river Sediment Dredging
The first layer coating laid in substrate rises, and after upward 40cm layings first layer bottom isolation pocket, then is directly laying table thereon
Layer isolation pocket is to ordinary water level above 20cm.
The porous modified fibre filler bulb separation shape or strip, the diameter 0.3-3cm of ball filler, the length of strip filler
0.5-2cm, wide 0.5-2cm, thick 5-10mm.Porous modified fibre filler biological compatibility is good, is easy to biofilm, can effectively go to remove water
The pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter in body.The specific preparation method of the porous modified fibre filler is：
(1) dry straw (such as stalk rich in cellulose, giantreed) is cut into 5-10cm segment, by plant
Cooking liquor is added after stalk rinsing, and the ratio of the volume of straw absolute dry mass and cooking liquor is 1kg:5L, it is total in cooking liquor
The quality of alkali is 16-18%, total alkali Na2SO3And NaOH, wherein NaOH account for the 0.2-0.7 of total alkali quality, Na2SO3And NaOH
Quality with Na2O is counted, and adds the formaldehyde of straw absolute dry mass 2.0% and 0.04-0.06% anthraquinone；By boiling
Liquid is warming up to 150 DEG C by 80 DEG C, and the heating-up time is 2 hours, is then dried in 150 DEG C of -160 DEG C of insulation 1-2 hours, clear water after rinsing
It is dry, fiber is made；
(2) fiber obtained by step (1) is ground into length 1-3mm cellulose, cellulose is pressed into mass fraction 8-10%
The methylimidazole solvent (purity 99%) of addition chlorination 1- acrylic -3 in, add length be 1.0-3.0cm it is thread gather oneself
Diacid hexamethylene diamine and length 0.2-1cm absorbent cotton are as filler skeleton, the matter of PA 66, absorbent cotton and cellulose
Measure ratio 1:2：8-10；Under the conditions of 80 DEG C, vacuumized using closed container, and make fiber molten in 50 revs/min of rotating speed stirring
Solution, is made into fiber solution；Add the mass ratio of the pore former (anhydrous sodium sulfate) through 80 DEG C of preheatings, pore former and fiber solution
For 4-7：1, after stirring, inject mould molding；Washing solidifies 1-2 days in 40-50 DEG C of warm water after shaping, makes fiber solvent
Micropore is formed with pore former dissolution, porous modified fibre filler is made in freeze-drying.
The thickness of first coating is 5-10cm, and the thickness of the second coating is 10-20cm, the thickness of the 3rd coating
Spend for 5-10cm.
The volume ratio of curing agent and clay is 1-2 in first coating:10, curing agent is hydroxyapatite and diatom
Soil 1-1.5 in mass ratio:2 mixture.The particle diameter of the second coating sand grains is 1-2.5mm.3rd coating
The particle diameter of middle cobble is 5-100mm, and the particle diameter of natural zeolite is 4-8mm.
The present invention is combined based on in-situ immobilization and dystopy processing, and the polluted bed mud after dredging is stacked nearby, and is used
Insulation blanket is isolated, and solves the problems such as cost of transportation is too high, difficult place and heavy metal leakage risk are stacked in searching；Plant
Heavy metal accumulation plant can both absorb the heavy metal in bed mud, can contain moisture content again, lift the landscape function in river course；It is in situ
Recovery technique can both prevent the release of pollutants in sediments, can improve the water quality purification function in river course again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the engineering structure schematic diagram for the pollution of river bed mud restoration of the ecosystem that the inventive method is constructed.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of insulation blanket.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of isolation pocket.(a) it is bottom isolation pocket, (b) is middle level isolation pocket, and (c) is top layer isolation
Bag.
Fig. 4 constructs schematic diagram for divider wall.
In figure：1. drainage ditch, 2. bed mud laydown areas, 3. heavy metal accumulation plants, 4. insulation blankets, 5. isolated areas, 6. first
Coating, 7. second coatings, 8. the 3rd coatings, 9. braided geotextiles, 10. bentone soil layers, 11. heavy metals immobilizations are filled out
The bed of material, 12. non-woven geotextiles, 13. non-woven polypropylene geotextiles, 14. natural block stones, 15. haydites, 16. porous modified fibres
Filler, 17. natural zeolites, 18. isolation pockets, 19. geotechnological grid.
Embodiment：
The inventive method is realized to the dystopy processing of pollution of river bed mud and in-situ immobilization in river course.As shown in figure 1,
It is that contaminated river course is divided into bed mud laydown area 2, isolated area 5 and the area of coverage in situ.On river course bank, bed mud laydown area is set
2, heavy metal insulation blanket 4 is set in the bottom of bed mud laydown area 2 and surrounding, carries out Anti-seeping technology, will be serious by heavy metal pollution
Bed mud dig out, be placed on bed mud laydown area 2 after dewater treatment, add curing agent solidification, planted on bed mud after hardening
Heavy metal accumulation plant 3 (such as reed, cattail), in bed mud heavy metal carry out rich absorbent, and by plant harvesting by
Gradually remove.The setting isolated area 5 between bed mud laydown area 2 and river course, isolated area 5 are interior at least provided with one of divider wall, divider wall
Interior to be piled up with isolation pocket, isolation pocket is made of non-woven polypropylene geotextile 13, and filling natural block stone, sand grains and biomembrane are filled out in it
Material；During piling up, an isolation pocket or multiple isolation pockets are fixed with plastic-steel geotechnical grid 19, forms firm divider wall.
The area of coverage in situ is set in river course after dredging, and the area of coverage in situ is followed successively by the first coating 6, the second coating 7 from bottom to top
With the 3rd coating 8, the filler in the first coating 6 is clay mixture, and the second coating 7 is sand grains, and the 3rd coating 8 is
Cobble and natural zeolite.The first coating 6 is also equipped with the bottom of isolated area 5,
The specific implementation process of pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method of the present invention is as described below.
One, early-stage preparations
(1) insulation blanket 4 is prepared
Insulation blanket 4 is laid on bottom and the surrounding of bed mud laydown area 2.The structure of insulation blanket 4 is as shown in Figure 2.Insulation blanket by
Under the supreme non-woven geotextile 12 for being followed successively by bottom, the heavy metals immobilization packing layer 11 of lower floor, the bentone soil layer on upper strata
10 and the plastic flat wire braided geotextiles 9 on top layer.The thickness of heavy metals immobilization packing layer 11 is 0.5-1cm, filler be bentonite,
Sepiolite and lime stone, mass ratio bentonite：Sepiolite：Lime stone=1-1.5:1-1.5:2.Humic acid modified natural sodium
The thickness of base bentonite coating is 0.1-0.5cm.Braided geotextile 9 uses plastic flat wire braided, heavy metals immobilization packing layer
11 and bentone soil layer 10 be fixed on by needle point method between non-woven geotextile 12 and plastic flat wire braided geotextiles 9.It is non-
Maximum interspace in weaving geotextiles 12 and braided geotextile 9 is less than 0.2mm, and specific space is by selective heavy metals immobilization filler
Determine with the minimum grain size in humic acid modified natural sodium bentonite, be defined by being not through adsorptivity filtrate.
Bentone soil layer 10 uses humic acid modified natural sodium bentonite, and it is set according to concrete engineering project demand
Thickness is 0.1cm-0.5cm.The specific preparation method of the humic acid modified natural sodium bentonite is as follows：
1. humic acid is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution (mass ratio=1 of humic acid and NaOH solution：3-
5) filtered after, being sufficiently stirred, filter out insoluble impurity, be made into humic acid solution；
2. it is 1.0-3.0 to adjust humic acid solution pH value, heated -3 hours 1 hour at 50 DEG C -60 DEG C；
3. the humic acid precipitated in heating process is centrifuged, the purge process of a humic acid is completed；
4. repeat the above steps (1), step (2), step (3), until the humic acid (purity more than 95%) purified；
5. humic acid after purification is dried into 8-12 hours under the conditions of 40 DEG C -50 DEG C；
6. natural sodium bentonite raw ore is crossed into 50-150 mesh sieves after drying and be broken is made natural sodium bentonite powder
Expect (its coefficient of expansion >=10ml/g)；
7. humic acid after purification is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution the (quality of humic acid and NaOH solution
Than=1：5-10), purifying humic acid solution is made into, it is (natural that natural sodium bentonite powder is added in purifying humic acid solution
Mass ratio=1 of sodium bentonite powder and purifying humic acid solution：3-5), it is made into mixed liquor；The pH value of mixed liquor is adjusted
For 5.0-6.0, mixed liquor is then vibrated into 12-18 hours；
8. the mixture after vibration is crossed into 50-100 mesh sieves, the particle of acquisition is that humic acid is modified in 60-70 DEG C of drying
Natural sodium bentonite.
The particle diameter for the natural sodium bentonite that humic acid prepared by the above method is modified is 0.2mm-0.5mm.The step
2. with step 7. in be to adjust pH value with concentration 5mol/L HCl solution.
(2) isolation pocket 18 is prepared
As shown in figure 3, it is that natural block stone 14, haydite 15, more is loaded in sack made of non-woven polypropylene geotextile 13
The grade filler of hole modified fibre filler 16, is made isolation pocket 18.The maximum interspace of non-woven polypropylene geotextile 13 is by filler most granule
Footpath determines, is defined by being not through filler.
Isolation pocket 18 is bar shaped column, can make certain scale size, long 48cm, wide 24cm, high 20-30cm, or its
His cut lengths, it is desirable to it is a length of wide 2 times, staggeredly to pile up.
Main stuffing in isolation pocket 18 is natural block stone 14, accounts for the 60%-80% in space in bag, pottery is loaded in space
The filler of other certain particle diameters such as grain, porous modified fibre filler, zeolite or size.Different, the isolation pocket according to the position used
18 are divided into bottom isolation pocket, middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation pocket again, referring to (a) in Fig. 3, (b) and (c).
The main stuffing of bottom isolation pocket (a) is large-scale natural block stone 14, and block stone particle diameter is 15-20cm, is accounted for empty in bag
Between 60-70%, particle diameter 1-3cm haydite 15 is filled in the space of natural block stone.Haydite 15 can be used as anaerobe film
Carrier.Because the layer is located at bottom of river channel, dissolved oxygen content is low, carrier surface mainly grow the anaerobes such as polyP bacteria and
The facultative anoxic microorganism of denitrification class, using the organic carbon source in river, strengthen release and denitrification of the polyP bacteria to phosphorus and take off
Nitrogen, so as to remove organic carbon source pollutant, nitrogen in water body.The dissolved phosphorus that polyP bacteria discharges is easy to be isolated the isolation of wall middle level
The algae of nearly water side filler superficial growth removes as nutrient utilization from river in bag (b) and top layer isolation pocket (c).
If the river course depth of water is more than 0.8-1 rice, from the substrate after pollution of river Sediment Dredging, it is upwardly at about the 1/3 of the depth of water and piles up
Bottom isolation pocket.
Middle level isolation pocket (b) main stuffing is natural block stone 14, and block stone particle diameter is 10-15cm, accounts for space in bag
70%-80%, porous modified fibre filler 16 is filled in the space of natural block stone.If the river course depth of water is more than 0.8-1 rice, from
Below bottom isolation pocket to ordinary water level at 30cm, middle level isolation pocket is piled up.
Porous the bulb separation shape of modified fibre filler 16 or strip, the diameter 0.3-3cm of nodular fibrous filler, fibre strip filler
Long 0.5-2cm, wide 0.2-2cm, thick 5-10mm.The bio-compatibility of porous modified fibre filler 16 is good, is easy to biofilm, can have
The pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter in effect removal water body.
The specific preparation method of porous modified fibre filler 16 is：
1. dry straw (such as stalk rich in cellulose, giantreed) is cut into 5-10cm segment, after rinsing
Fiber is obtained using soda pulping process technique into boiling vessel：Straw over dry material quality (kg) and cooking liquor cumulative volume (L)
Ratio be 1:5, cooking liquor adds boiling vessel, and the total alkali content in cooking liquor is 16-18% Na2SO3And NaOH, wherein, NaOH
In Na2SO3It is 0.2-0.7 (Na with ratio in NaOH gross masses2SO3Quality with NaOH is with Na2O is counted), add plant straw
The formaldehyde of stalk over dry material quality 2.0% and 0.04-0.06% anthraquinone, the heating-up time from 80 DEG C to 150 DEG C are 2 hours,
Then 1-2 hours are incubated under the conditions of 150 DEG C -160 DEG C, are rinsed, be dried for standby using clear water into mesh rinsing band.
2. by step, 1. gained fiber is ground into length 1-3mm cellulose, is 8-10%'s by mass fraction after crushing
Fiber adds in the methylimidazole solvent (purity 99%) of chlorination 1- acrylic -3 (fiber and solution quality ratio are 8-10%), then adds
Enter thread PA 66 that length is 1.0-3.0cm and length 0.2-1cm absorbent cotton as filler skeleton (it is poly- oneself two
The mass ratio 1 of sour hexamethylene diamine, absorbent cotton and cellulose:2：8-10), under the conditions of 80 DEG C, vacuumized using closed container and
50 revs/min of rotating speed is stirred to dissolve fiber, adds the pore former anhydrous sodium sulfate through 80 DEG C of preheatings (with fiber solution matter
It is 4-7 to measure ratio：1) after, stirring, mould molding is injected, washing solidification 1-2 days, make fiber solvent in 40-50 DEG C of warm water
Micropore is formed with pore former dissolution, porous modified fibre filler is made in freeze-drying.
After the completion of modification, the voidage and specific surface area of fiberfill increase, fiber surface hydrophily increase are advantageous to pair
The biofilm of microorganism and growth.By changing enhancing fibrous skeleton length, pore former addition and stirring intensity, generation can control
The micropore size size of porous cellulose carrier.
The microorganism bond area of porous aggregate is in 500-600m2.m-2, the fibrous layer is mainly distributed large and small class aperture, point
The growth of unsuitable autotrophic microbe and heterotrophic microorganism, the size of large aperture is 100-400 μm, and the size of small-bore is 5-50
μm.In view of carbon source in river in the diffusion process of ecto-entad, utilized by heterotrophic bacteria and gradually reduced to inner side first, it is interior
Layer is more suitable for the autotrophic bacterium life that can be grown under the conditions of poor carbon source, and large aperture packing layer is predominantly disposed in close on the inside of isolated area
In the divider wall filler bag of bed mud laydown area, small-bore filler is predominantly disposed on the outside of isolated area close to the divider wall filler of river
In bag.
Large and small aperture filler is placed volume ratio inside and outside divider wall and can be adjusted according to river water quality situation.For
Seasonal river river using recycled water as water source, its ammonia nitrogen and CODcrConcentration is respectively 1-8mg/L, 10-50mg/L, carbon source phase
To lacking, large aperture and the volume ratio of outer apertures footpath filler may be configured as 2-3 on the inside of isolated area：1, increase the micro- life of suitable autotrophy
The large aperture packing volume and surface area of thing growth, it is main under the conditions of poor carbon source to carry out Anammox using autotrophic microbe
Complete the removal of ammonia nitrogen；And the river course for not completely cutting through or having scattered face source sanitary sewage to be discharged into for point source, its water quality
Pollute relatively heavy, ammonia nitrogen and CODcrConcentration is respectively in 8mg/L, more than 100mg/L, large aperture and outer apertures on the inside of isolated area
The volume ratio of footpath filler may be configured as 1：2-3, increase biofilm region and the area of heterotrophic microorganism, be advantageous to going for carbon source pollution
Remove.In addition, the dissolved oxygen from outside to inside that microbial film is formed in itself gradually successively decreases, also form biomembrane it is aerobic to anoxic,
The microenvironment of anaerobism is arrived again, while water body organism is removed, enhances the removal to water body nitrogen, phosphorus.It is in addition, saturating in water body
Under the conditions of lightness is preferable, the nearly outside of filler wall of underwater 0-0.6 rice can grow substantial amounts of algae, and algae utilizes Water
The nutriments such as phosphorus, while carry out photosynthesis and produce oxygen, it is also beneficial to the life of heterotrophic microorganism in the filler of outer apertures footpath
It is long, strengthen the removal of organic matter.
Top layer isolation pocket (c) main stuffing is natural block stone 14, and block stone particle diameter is 10-15cm, accounts for space in bag
70%-80%, the filled natural zeolite 17 in the space of natural block stone, the particle diameter of natural zeolite is 4-8mm.Natural zeolite has
The characteristics of specific surface area is big, porosity is high, substantial amounts of aerobic microbiological can be made to be attached to its surface, and containing micro- in zeolite
A variety of macroelements and trace element, can promote the growth of aerobic microbiological necessary to biological growth and development, on its surface
Aerobic biologic membrane is formed, river side zeolite surface is closed on and grows a large amount of algae.This layer of dissolved oxygen content height, utilize illumination condition
Good, aerobic microbiological and algal grown are vigorous, the oxidable organic matter of aerobic microbiological, while remove the nitrogen in water body and phosphorus；Algae
Class utilizes dissolubility nitrogen and phosphorus under photosynthesis, synthesizes itself organism, while discharges oxygen and utilized for aerobic microbiological.
If the river course depth of water is more than 0.8-1 rice, 30cm piles up top layer isolation pocket below ordinary water level above 20cm to ordinary water level.
, can be from laid after pollution of river Sediment Dredging in substrate for the shallow water river channel within depth of water 0.8-1.0 rice
One layer of coating rises, after upward 40cm layings first layer isolation pocket, then thereon directly laying top layer isolation pocket to ordinary water level with
Upper 20cm.
Bottom isolation pocket (a), middle level isolation pocket (b) and top layer isolation pocket (c) are formed in the cleaning system of polluted-water
Bacterium-algae cogeneration system of one combination, purifying water effect are good.
Two, construct bed mud laydown area 2
Such as Fig. 1, bed mud laydown area 2 is set on the bank of river course both sides, it is continuous or be arranged at intervals strip along riverbank length
The bed mud laydown area of shape, the width of bed mud laydown area are 0.5-3m, and depth originates from river bed, and length is 2-5 rice during interval setting.
In the bottom of bed mud laydown area 2 and surrounding laying insulation blanket 4, Anti-seeping technology is carried out, prevents the heavy metal in bed mud
And other harmful substances are permeated to underground water and river water body and diffusion.
In bed mud laydown area 2 close to riverbank side, set along river course length direction between laydown area 2 and riverbank catchment area
Drainage ditch 1, the rainwater-collecting that will be flowed down along bank slope, and river course is imported, prevent the rainwater under bank slope confluxes when precipitation is excessive
Sludge laydown area polluted bed mud is poured into river course, causes secondary pollution.Draining is designed according to the bank protection gradient and local precipitation
The specification of canal 1, width 20-60cm, it is highly 20-40cm.
Three, construct isolated area 5
Isolated area 5 is set between bed mud laydown area 2 and the area of coverage in situ, prevents the bed mud stacked in bed mud laydown area 2
Cave in and fall into river course, play a part of parados after bed mud laydown area.Isolated area 5 is mainly by arranged in parallel along river course longitudinal direction section
Multiple tracks divider wall is formed, as shown in figure 4, divider wall 5 is piled up by the isolation pocket 18 wrapped up by plastic-steel geotechnical grid 19.Isolation pocket
Biomembrane in 18 in the filler superficial growth of different depth improves the self-purification capacity of river water body.The bottom paving of isolated area 5
If first layer coating 6, to prevent heavy metal in substrate bed mud from discharging upwards.
Bottom isolation pocket, middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation is respectively adopted in divider wall successively upwards when piling up, by river bed
Bag, referring to (a) in Fig. 3, (b) and (c).First layer coating 6 can be covered in the substrate after pollution of river Sediment Dredging, is hindered
Only heavy metal discharges upwards in substrate bed mud, is upwardly into from the first coating 6 at about the 1/3 of the depth of water and uses bottom isolation pocket (a),
Primarily serve the effect of parados after bed mud laydown area, carrier of the haydite as anaerobe film, because the layer is located at river course bottom
Portion, dissolved oxygen content is low, and carrier surface mainly grows the anaerobes such as polyP bacteria and the facultative anoxic microorganism of denitrification class, can
Using the organic carbon source in river, strengthen release and denitrification denitrogenation of the polyP bacteria to phosphorus, so as to remove organic carbon source in water body
Pollutant, nitrogen, the dissolved phosphorus that polyP bacteria discharges are easy to be isolated in wall middle level isolation pocket (b) and top layer isolation pocket (c) closely
The algae of water side filler superficial growth removes as nutrient utilization from river.Below from bottom isolation pocket to ordinary water level
Middle level isolation pocket is piled up at 30cm.30cm piles up top layer isolation pocket below ordinary water level above 20cm to ordinary water level.
Divider wall piles up mode according to " 37 wall " or " 24 wall " of construction walling, and isolation pocket is polluted into bottom in the middle part of river course
Piled up on the first layer coating laid after mud dredging in substrate.To river course center side from close to the side of bed mud laydown area 2
To being upwardly at about the 1/3 of the depth of water and piled up using bottom isolation pocket by " 37 wall " mode；Continue up when piling up, using middle level
Isolation pocket shrinks 1 isolation pocket width to bed mud laydown area, is piled up by " 24 wall " mode to the underwater depth of water 2/3；It is upward again
When piling up, an isolation pocket width is punctured into bed mud laydown area using top layer isolation pocket, by single wide isolation pocket tile mode heap
Build to river course ordinary water level above 20cm.
As shown in figure 4, during piling up, soil can be moulded by single isolation pocket or by the certain length steel of piling up of isolation pocket
Work grid 19 is fixed.The shape of a mesh of geotechnological grid is rhombus or hexagon, and aperture is not to leak built-in natural rock-fill
Based on.
Four, Dredged bed muds
Scalping is carried out to the bed mud dug out by the geotechnological machinery such as excavator, used if any big or middle stone of the particle diameter more than 5cm
In the filling of isolation pocket, or it is used as the covering material of the coating 8 of the area of coverage the 3rd in situ, the polluted bed mud after scalping is dehydrated
With curing process, the bed mud laydown area for being covered with heavy metal insulation blanket is stacked in.
Bed mud after scalping is stirred with heavy metal curing agent, heap is filled in bed mud laydown area 2, stable 30-45 days.
Curing agent accounts for the 3%-5% of bed mud volume.Curing agent is hydroxyapatite and diatomaceous mixture, and both mass ratioes are 1-
1.5:2。
Heavy metal accumulation plant 3 is planted on bed mud after hardening.It is optional according to the natural conditions of locality and pollution situation
Select suitable super enrichment water plant, such as reed, calamus, cattail, lotus, water lily, fish mint.During aquatic plants growth
Absorb the nutriments such as water body nitrogen phosphorus and be enriched with the bed mud heavy metal of isolated area, in the mature plant growth phase, gather in aquatic plant
Thing, and carry out the means of burning etc. and removed heavy metal in bed mud.Water plant is carried out along the isolated area of river course both sides waterfront
Plant improves the landscape function of river course bank simultaneously.
Five, construct the area of coverage in situ
The heavy metal concentration of pollution of river bed mud is usually gradually to be reduced along bed mud depth, past to reduce dredging work amount
Toward dredging to certain depth, that is, dredge to the lighter sediment layer of heavy metal pollution, Dredged bed mud, which is piled up to what bank was set, to be done
In the bed mud laydown area 2 of good antiseepage.For the lighter bed mud of un-dredged pollution or it is difficult to the polluted bed mud thoroughly dredged away,
Using the repair process mode of original position covering, prevent the heavy metal in bed mud and harmful substance from entering water body.
Bottom of river channel after dredging, which is between two sides isolated area 5, constructs the area of coverage in situ, the area of coverage in situ from it is lower extremely
On be followed successively by the first coating 6, the second coating 7 and the 3rd coating 8, referring to Fig. 1.The filler of first coating 6 is clay
Mixture, the second coating 7 are sand grains, and the 3rd coating 8 is cobble and natural zeolite.
The thickness of first coating 6 is 5-10cm, and covering material is clay and curing agent.The volume ratio of curing agent and clay
For 1-2:10.Curing agent is hydroxyapatite and diatomite, and both mass ratioes are 1-1.5:2.
The thickness of second coating 7 is 10-20cm, and covering material is sand grains.The particle diameter of sand grains is 0.5-2mm.
The thickness of 3rd coating 8 is 5-10cm, and covering material is cobble and natural zeolite.The particle diameter of cobble is 5-
100mm.The particle diameter of natural zeolite is 4-8mm.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method, it is characterized in that：
Bed mud laydown area is set on river course bank, the bottom and surrounding to bed mud laydown area carry out Anti-seeping technology, will be dug in river course
What is gone out is added curing agent by heavy metal polluted bed mud, and landfill is in bed mud laydown area；In bed mud laydown area and streamflow passage
Between isolated area is set, at least provided with one of divider wall in isolated area；Original position is set to cover in streamflow passage after dredging
The bottom of cover region, the bottom of isolated area and the area of coverage in situ is equipped with the first coating, the first coating of the area of coverage in situ
On be additionally provided with the second coating and the 3rd coating, the filler of the first coating is clay and curing agent mixture, and second covers
Cap rock is sand grains, and the 3rd coating is cobble and natural zeolite.
2. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Heap in the bed mud laydown area
Heavy metal accumulation plant is planted on the bed mud filled out, rich absorbent is carried out to the heavy metal in bed mud.
3. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The antiseepage of the polluted bed mud
Processing is to lay one layer of insulation blanket in the bottom of bed mud laydown area and surrounding, the insulation blanket be followed successively by from the bottom to top bottom, under
Layer, upper strata and top layer, bottom are non-woven geotextile, and lower floor is heavy metals immobilization packing layer, and upper strata is bentone soil layer, table
Layer is braided geotextile；Filler in heavy metals immobilization packing layer is bentonite, sepiolite and lime stone 1-1.5 in mass ratio:
1-1.5:2 mixture；The thickness of the heavy metals immobilization packing layer is 0.5-1cm, and the thickness of bentone soil layer is 0.1-
0.5cm。
4. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The non-woven geotextile and
Maximum interspace in the braided geotextile is less than 0.2mm.
5. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The modified alta-mud press with
It is prepared by lower section method：
(1) by humic acid in mass ratio 1：3-5 ratio is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, mistake after being sufficiently stirred
Filter, filters out insoluble impurity, is made into humic acid solution；
(2) it is 1.0-3.0 to adjust humic acid solution pH value, is heated -3 hours 1 hour at 50 DEG C -60 DEG C；
(3) humic acid precipitated in heating process is centrifuged, completes the purge process of a humic acid；
(4) repeat the above steps (1), step (2), step (3), until obtaining the purifying humic acid of purity more than 95%；
(5) purifying humic acid is dried into 8-12 hours under the conditions of 40 DEG C -50 DEG C；
(6) natural sodium bentonite raw ore is crossed into 50-150 mesh sieves after drying and be broken and natural sodium bentonite powder is made；
(7) by humic acid after purification in mass ratio 1：5-10 ratio is dissolved in concentration 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, is made into
Purifying humic acid solution, in purifying humic acid solution add natural sodium bentonite powder, natural sodium bentonite powder with
The mass ratio of purifying humic acid solution is 1：3-5, it is made into mixed liquor；The pH value of mixed liquor is adjusted to 5.0-6.0, then will be mixed
Close liquid vibration 12-18 hours；
(8) mixture after vibration is crossed into 50-100 mesh sieves, the particle of acquisition is what humic acid was modified in 60-70 DEG C of drying
Natural sodium bentonite.
6. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The polluted bed mud adds solid
Agent is that the curing agent for accounting for bed mud volume 3%-5% is added in polluted bed mud, is stirred, landfill is steady in bed mud laydown area
Determine 30-45 days；The curing agent is that hydroxyapatite and diatomite are 1-1.5 in mass ratio:2 mixture.
7. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The bed mud laydown area is close
Riverbank side, drainage ditch is set between bed mud laydown area and riverbank catchment area along river course length direction.
8. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The divider wall isolation pocket
Pile up, isolation pocket is that natural block stone, sand grains and biofilm packing are loaded in the sack made of non-woven geotextile；
The isolation pocket is divided into bottom isolation pocket, middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation pocket；Filler in bottom isolation pocket is particle diameter
The natural block stones of 15-20cm and the haydite that particle diameter is 1-3cm, account for the 70% of isolation pocket inner space；Filler in the isolation pocket of middle level
The 70%-80% in space in bag is accounted for for particle diameter 10-15cm natural block stone and porous modified fibre filler, natural block stone；Top layer
The natural zeolite of natural block stone and particle diameter 4-8mm that filler in isolation pocket is particle diameter 10-15cm, natural block stone account for space in bag
70%-80%；The distribution of bottom isolation pocket, middle level isolation pocket and top layer isolation pocket on the section of river course longitudinal direction is：1. it is directed to
Deep water river of the depth of water more than 0.8-1.0 rice, from the first coating laid after pollution of river Sediment Dredging in substrate, to
Bottom isolation pocket is used up at the 1/3 of the depth of water, from bottom isolation pocket to ordinary water level below use middle level isolation pocket at 30cm,
Ordinary water level above 20cm to 30cm below ordinary water level uses top layer isolation pocket；2. for the shallow water river within depth of water 0.8-1.0 rice
Road, from the first layer coating laid after pollution of river Sediment Dredging in substrate, upward 40cm laying first layers bottom isolation
After bag, then in directly laying top layer isolation pocket thereon to ordinary water level above 20cm.
9. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that：The porous modified fibre is filled out
Material specific preparation method be：
(1) dry straw is cut into 5-10cm segment, cooking liquor is added after straw is rinsed, straw is exhausted
The ratio of the volume of dry mass and cooking liquor is 1kg:5L, the quality of total alkali is 16-18%, total alkali Na in cooking liquor2SO3With
NaOH, wherein NaOH account for the 0.2-0.7 of total alkali quality, Na2SO3Quality with NaOH is with Na2O is counted, and it is exhausted to add straw
The formaldehyde of dry mass 2.0% and 0.04-0.06% anthraquinone；Cooking liquor is warming up to 150 DEG C by 80 DEG C, the heating-up time is 2 small
When, then dried in 150 DEG C of -160 DEG C of insulation 1-2 hours, clear water after rinsing, fiber is made；
(2) fiber obtained by step (1) is ground into length 1-3mm cellulose, by cellulose adding by mass fraction 8-10%
Enter in the methylimidazole solvent of chlorination 1- acrylic -3, add thread PA 66 and length that length is 1.0-3.0cm
0.2-1cm absorbent cotton is spent as filler skeleton, the mass ratio 1 of PA 66, absorbent cotton and cellulose:2：8-10；
Under the conditions of 80 DEG C, vacuumized using closed container, and make Fibrinolysis in 50 revs/min of rotating speed stirring, it is molten to be made into fiber
Liquid；The pore former through 80 DEG C of preheatings is added, the mass ratio of pore former and fiber solution is 4-7：1, after stirring, inject mould
Tool shaping；Washing solidifies 1-2 days in 40-50 DEG C of warm water after fiberizing, fiber solvent and pore former dissolution is formed micropore,
Porous modified fibre filler is made in freeze-drying.
10. pollution of river bed mud ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：In first coating
The volume ratio of curing agent and clay is 1-2:10, curing agent is hydroxyapatite and diatomite 1-1.5 in mass ratio:2 mixing
Thing；The particle diameter of the second coating sand grains is 1-2.5mm；The particle diameter of cobble is 5-100mm in 3rd coating, day
The particle diameter of right zeolite is 4-8mm.
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| CN111362535A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-07-03 | 中交三航(重庆)生态修复研究院有限公司 | Method for in-situ treatment of polluted bottom mud and covering material |
| CN111778920A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-16 | 山东建筑大学 | Near-in-situ three-dimensional ecological restoration system and method for polluted river dredging sediment |
| CN113072207A (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2021-07-06 | 河南林峰建设集团有限公司 | Urban river ecological management system and method |
| CN114192571A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-18 | 辽宁中博生态环境技术有限公司 | Infinitesimal reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil and construction method |
| CN114411618A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-29 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | Damaged river channel matrix repairing method |
| CN114411618B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-11-24 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | Damaged river channel matrix repairing method |
| CN114452932A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 | Active material for repairing lake sediment pollution and application thereof |
| CN114452932B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-11-17 | 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 | Lake sediment pollution repair active material and application thereof |
| CN115182293A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-10-14 | 中交（天津）生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | River channel endogenous management method |
| CN114855846A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-08-05 | 贵州建工兴印建筑工程有限公司 | Underground seepage-proofing pressure-reducing anti-floating blind pipe structure and construction method thereof |
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