CN111087147A - Ecological restoration method for water body bottom mud - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for water body bottom mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN111087147A CN111087147A CN202010007411.9A CN202010007411A CN111087147A CN 111087147 A CN111087147 A CN 111087147A CN 202010007411 A CN202010007411 A CN 202010007411A CN 111087147 A CN111087147 A CN 111087147A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological restoration method of water body bottom mud, relates to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment, and aims to solve the problem that the removal effect of the existing bottom mud restoration method on the heavy metal at the lower layer is relatively poor, and the ecological restoration method comprises the steps of S1, dividing a bottom mud stacking area at the edge of a river channel; constructing an isolation area between the bottom mud stacking area and the river channel; s2, dredging sediment, wherein the dredging sediment comprises the steps of digging out the sediment, screening, dehydrating and solidifying the sediment, and placing the solidified sediment in a sediment stacking area; s3, setting an in-situ coverage area in the dredged river channel; s4, planting heavy metal-enriched plants on the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area, and periodically harvesting the planted plants; the S2 further comprises the steps of dividing the bottom mud into multiple stages according to the digging depth of the bottom mud, and separately screening, dehydrating and solidifying the bottom mud of different stages; and stacking the sediment in the sediment stacking area from high to low according to the depth of the original sediment. The method can remove heavy metals in the bottom mud relatively efficiently, and the bottom mud repairing effect is relatively better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment, in particular to a method for ecologically restoring water body bottom mud.
Background
Heavy metal pollution is always a relatively serious one in environmental pollution, is influenced by the discharge of waste water in peripheral regions and the like, and is easy to enrich in bottom mud at the bottom of a water body, so that the heavy metal is toxic to a human body, and therefore the heavy metal pollution needs to be treated.
Patent publication No. CN 107445422A: a river polluted bottom mud ecological restoration method divides a polluted river into a bottom mud stacking area, an isolation area and an in-situ covering area; the method comprises the steps of arranging a bottom mud stacking area on the bank of the river channel, arranging heavy metal isolation blankets at the bottom and around the bottom mud stacking area, carrying out anti-seepage treatment, digging out bottom mud seriously polluted by heavy metals, placing the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area after dehydration treatment, adding a curing agent for curing, planting heavy metal enriched plants (such as reed, cattail and the like) on the cured bottom mud, enriching and absorbing the heavy metals in the bottom mud, and harvesting the plants to gradually remove the heavy metals. An isolation area is arranged between the bottom mud stacking area and the river channel, at least one isolation wall is arranged in the isolation area, the isolation wall is stacked by an isolation bag, the isolation bag is made of non-woven polypropylene geotextile, and natural rock blocks, sand grains and biomembrane fillers are filled in the isolation bag; in the stacking process, the plastic steel geogrid is used for fixing one or more isolation bags to form a firm isolation wall. Arranging an in-situ covering area in the dredged river channel, wherein the in-situ covering area is sequentially provided with a first covering layer, a second covering layer and a third covering layer from bottom to top, the filler in the first covering layer is a clay mixture, the second covering layer is sand, and the third covering layer is pebbles and natural zeolite; the first covering layer is laid on the bottom of the isolation region.
The above contents provide a technical scheme that can treat heavy metals in the sediment, but the following problems exist after the application: influenced by plant root growth rule and limit length, the efficiency of heavy metal removal effect in the bottom layer of the bottom mud stacking area is lower, the effect is relatively poor, and the bottom mud repairing effect is influenced, so that a new technical scheme is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for ecologically restoring water body bottom sediment, which can relatively efficiently remove heavy metals in the bottom sediment and has relatively better bottom sediment restoring effect.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for ecologically restoring bottom mud of a water body comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a bottom mud stacking area at the edge of the river channel, and arranging heavy metal isolation blankets at the bottom and around the bottom mud stacking area; constructing an isolation area between the bottom mud stacking area and the river channel;
s2, dredging sediment, wherein the dredging sediment comprises the steps of digging out the sediment, screening, dehydrating and solidifying the sediment, and placing the solidified sediment in a sediment stacking area;
s3, setting an in-situ coverage area in the dredged river channel;
s4, planting heavy metal-enriched plants on the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area, and periodically harvesting the planted plants;
the S2 further comprises the steps of dividing the bottom mud into multiple stages according to the digging depth of the bottom mud, and separately screening, dehydrating and solidifying the bottom mud of different stages; and stacking the sediment in the sediment stacking area from high to low according to the depth of the original sediment.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heavy metal content of the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area is high, low and high, and the plant root system is preferentially inserted into the bottom mud with higher heavy metal content, so that the removal efficiency of the heavy metal can be effectively improved; meanwhile, because the content of the heavy metal on the lower layer of the bottom mud stacking area is relatively low, even if the plant root system entering the bottom layer is still relatively less, the time consumption is long, and the removal efficiency of the heavy metal in the bottom mud is still better.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and the bottom mud is subjected to dehydration treatment by adopting a sludge pipe bag.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, it can make things convenient for the staff to do the transport to the bed mud and remove and reduce the pollution that the foul smell that the bed mud distributed out caused the environment.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the step S4 is also divided into a plurality of planting periods to replace the species of the planted plants; the basis for plant replacement is the growth rate of the plant root system and the ultimate length of the root system.
By adopting the technical scheme, the workers can preferentially select plants with relatively high growth rate of planted root systems, so that the removal efficiency of heavy metals in shallow layers of the bottom mud stacking areas is improved; the method can plant plants with relatively long root systems in the middle and later stages so as to ensure the effect of removing heavy metals in deep bottom mud.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and S4, after replacing the plants at least once, excavating in the bottom sediment stacking area and constructing an inner partition wall to separate a plurality of middle planting areas, wherein the depth of each middle planting area is 0.6-0.85 of the depth of the bottom sediment stacking area and is less than that of the bottom sediment stacking area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the staff can plant green planting in middle part planting district, for example: the plant with the root system growing relatively fast can directly and relatively fast remove the heavy metal from the bottom mud in the deep layer.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and selecting floating-leaf plants from the plants in the middle planting area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the adverse effect of the plants submerged by water due to the lower planting position can be reduced.
The present invention may further be configured in a preferred example, wherein the constructing step of constructing the inner partition wall includes:
q1, determining the length of the middle planting area to extend along the length of the river channel, and driving two rows of columnar anchoring piles in the sediment stacking area; the opposite sides of two adjacent anchoring piles in the same row are provided with sliding chutes, the sliding chutes extend along the height of the anchoring piles, and the end parts of the sliding chutes are open;
q2, inserting a temporary baffle between two adjacent anchor piles in the same row, and vertically sliding two symmetrical plate edges of the temporary baffle into the sliding groove respectively; in order to reduce the interference of the bottom mud entering the sliding chute on the insertion of the temporary baffle, a plurality of mud discharging holes are formed in one side of the sliding chute, which is far away from the middle planting area, and the mud discharging holes are distributed along the length of the sliding chute; the side edge of the downward end of the temporary baffle is rounded to form an arc surface;
in the process of gradually inserting the temporary baffle into the chute, sludge in the chute can be discharged from the sludge discharge hole under the action of the temporary baffle so as to reduce the obstruction to the insertion of the temporary baffle;
q3, digging out bottom sediment between the two rows of temporary baffles to form a middle planting area, and accumulating the duout bottom sediment at two sides of the middle planting area;
q4, fixing a water seepage isolation layer between two adjacent anchoring piles in the same row; placing an isolation frame in the middle planting area, wherein two symmetrical sides of the isolation frame are simultaneously abutted against the water seepage isolation layers on two sides of the middle planting area so as to support the water seepage isolation layers and prevent two side walls of the middle planting area from collapsing and displacing oppositely;
q5, pulling up the temporary baffle, and filling the bottom mud dug out by the Q2 into an empty area generated after the temporary baffle 2 is pulled up; the water seepage isolation layer and the anchoring pile form a built-in isolation wall.
By adopting the technical scheme, workers can construct the middle built-in partition wall and separate the middle planting area.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: two temporary baffles of the bilateral symmetry of the middle planting area are a group, a group of temporary baffles is inserted, one section of bottom mud is excavated and an isolation frame is placed, and the middle planting area is formed after the excavation of a plurality of sections of bottom mud.
By adopting the technical scheme, the excavated cavity can be supported and stabilized by the isolation frame in time, and the bottom mud on two sides of the middle planting area is prevented from collapsing and displacing in the construction process to influence construction.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the water seepage isolation layer comprises a screen plate serving as a core layer, and clamping columns are formed on the side edges, close to the anchoring columns, of the screen plate; a column groove matched with the clamping column is formed in the anchoring column, the column groove extends vertically, and the end part of the column groove is open; after the net plate is wrapped with geotextile, the clamping column is inserted into the column groove to complete the fixation of the water seepage isolation layer and the anchoring column.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the staff can be convenient relatively will construct the infiltration water isolation layer.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the bottom mud dug out from the river channel is divided into a plurality of stages, and is respectively screened, dehydrated and solidified, and then stacked according to the distribution sequence of the bottom mud at the river bottom; after plants are planted on the bottom mud, the root systems of the plants are preferably inserted into the bottom mud with higher heavy metal content, so that the removal efficiency of the heavy metals can be effectively improved; meanwhile, because the content of the heavy metal in the lower layer of the bottom mud stacking area is relatively low, even if the root system of the plant entering the bottom layer is still relatively small, the time consumption is long, and the removal efficiency of the heavy metal in the bottom mud is still better;
2. plants with relatively fast root growth can be planted on the bottom mud firstly, so that the removal rate of heavy metals on the shallow bottom mud is increased; plants with relatively long root systems are planted in the middle and later stages, so that the effect of removing heavy metals in deep bottom mud is ensured, and the effect of the invention is relatively better.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial structural diagram of the middle isolation region of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial exploded view of fig. 1, mainly illustrating a connection structure of a water permeable insulation layer and an anchoring pile.
In the figure, 1, anchor piles; 11. a chute; 12. a sludge discharge hole; 2. a temporary baffle; 3. an insulating frame; 4. a water seepage isolation layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. X, the method for ecologically restoring the sediment of the water body disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a bottom mud stacking area at the edge of the river, where the bottom mud stacking area extends along the length direction of the river and can be constructed in sections or continuously, and the width of the bottom mud stacking area is set according to the actual width of the river, for example: less than 1/2 river width and less than 2.0 m;
paving heavy metal isolation blankets at the bottom and around the bottom mud stacking area for anti-seepage treatment;
an isolation area is constructed between the bottom mud stacking area and the river channel, the isolation area comprises a plurality of isolation walls arranged along the longitudinal section of the river channel, the isolation walls are formed by stacking isolation bags, the isolation bags are geotextile bags filled with adaptive fillers, and the fillers can be sand stones, ceramics and the like.
S2, dredging sediment, wherein the dredging sediment comprises the steps of digging out the sediment, screening, dehydrating and solidifying the sediment, and placing the solidified sediment in a sediment stacking area;
wherein the screened large-particle stones can be used for filling the isolation bag to reduce the cost;
in the dehydration link, a sludge pipe bag is selected to dehydrate the screened bottom sludge; due to the adoption of sludge pipeline dehydration, the sludge pipeline dehydration device can be relatively and conveniently carried, and the pipe bags can be mutually stacked, so that the occupied space is reduced; meanwhile, the odor generated by the bottom mud can be effectively reduced;
the solidification is divided into two items, one item is that a flocculating agent is added into the sludge pipe bag in the dehydration link for dehydration and solidification, and the other item is that a heavy metal solidifying agent is mixed into the bottom sludge;
s3, paving in-situ coverage in the dredged area of the river channel excavation sediment so as to repair the river channel; the in-situ covering area is divided into a plurality of layers, and materials from bottom to top can be selected from clay, gravel, cobblestones and the like so as to simulate the bottom structure of a river channel to repair;
and S4, planting heavy metal-enriched plants on the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area, periodically harvesting the planted plants, incinerating the plants and then treating the plants so as to reduce the heavy metals in the bottom mud.
In order to improve the effect of removing heavy metals in the lower layer sludge of the bottom sludge stacking area, the method also comprises the steps of dividing the bottom sludge into multiple stages according to the excavation depth of the bottom sludge, and separately screening, dehydrating and curing the bottom sludge of different stages at the stage of S2; and stacking the sediment in the sediment stacking area from high to low according to the depth of the original sediment.
For example: assuming that the excavation depth of the bottom mud is 0.5m, taking the bottom mud with the depth of 0.3-0.35m as heavy-pollution bottom mud, and taking the bottom mud with the rest depth as light-pollution bottom mud; after the treatment of the two sludge layers, the light-polluted bottom sludge is firstly stacked in the bottom sludge stacking area, and then the heavy-polluted bottom sludge is stacked on the light-polluted bottom sludge.
After planting green planting on the bed mud in bed mud piling zone, the root system of green planting preferentially gets into and is more numerous to the root system in heavily dirty bed mud and the heavily dirty bed mud to effectively improve the speed and the effect that heavy metal was absorbed, got rid of.
Furthermore, the planting of green plants on the bottom sediment is divided into a plurality of stages, different types of green plants are respectively planted in different stages, and the basis for replacing plant selection is the growth rate of the plant root system and the limit length of the root system.
For example: dividing front, middle and rear planting periods according to the heavy metal content in the heavy sewage bottom mud and the three-level standard of soil environment quality standard, and selecting vetiver grass with a faster root system growth in the front period; in the middle stage, part (1/3) of the vetiver grass is removed, and reed is mixed; in the later period, the green plant main body is replaced by reed.
Through the content, in the early stage, can be relatively quick get rid of the heavy metal in the heavy dirty bed mud, do the heavy metal and get rid of to the bed mud of deeper position again gradually in middle and later stage to heavy metal gets rid of efficiency is higher relatively.
Example two
Referring to fig. X, the difference between the method for ecologically restoring water body sediment disclosed by the present invention and the first embodiment is as follows: and at the stage of S4, after the first planting period is finished, excavating and constructing an inner partition wall in the bottom sediment stacking area to separate a plurality of middle planting areas, wherein the depth of each middle planting area is 0.6-0.85 of the depth of the bottom sediment stacking area, and the depth of each middle planting area is less than that of each bottom sediment stacking area.
At this moment, the green plants can be planted in the middle planting area, so that the root systems of the green plants directly go deep into the bottom mud of the lower layer to improve the heavy metal removal efficiency and effect.
The middle planting area extends along the length direction of the river channel and divides the bottom mud separating stacking area into two parts; planting floating-leaf plants in the middle planting area, for example: water lily. The floating-leaf plants are selected to prevent water seepage from the bottom and the wall of the middle planting area, the water quantity in the floating-leaf plants is larger, and the green plants are placed under water due to too low planting positions to influence the using effect.
Referring to fig. 1, to achieve the above effect, an internal isolation wall needs to be constructed first, and the construction steps of the internal isolation wall include:
q1, determining the length of the middle planting area to extend along the length of the river channel, and driving two rows of columnar anchoring piles 1 in the sediment stacking area; the opposite sides of two adjacent anchoring piles 1 in the same row are provided with sliding chutes 11, the sliding chutes 11 extend along the height of the anchoring piles 1 and the end parts of the sliding chutes are open;
q2, inserting the temporary baffle 2 between two adjacent anchor piles 1 in the same row, and vertically sliding two symmetrical plate edges of the temporary baffle 2 into the sliding groove 11 respectively; in order to reduce the interference of the bottom mud entering the chute 11 on the insertion of the temporary baffle 2, a plurality of mud discharging holes 12 are formed in one side of the chute 11, which is far away from the middle planting area, and the mud discharging holes 12 are distributed along the length of the chute 11; the side edge of the downward end of the temporary baffle 2 is rounded to form a cambered surface;
in the process that the temporary baffle 2 is gradually inserted into the chute 11, sludge in the chute 11 can be discharged from the sludge discharge hole 12 under the action of the temporary baffle 2 so as to reduce the obstruction to the insertion of the temporary baffle 2;
q3, digging out bottom sediment between the two rows of temporary baffles 2 to form a middle planting area, and accumulating the duout bottom sediment at two sides of the middle planting area;
q4, fixing a water seepage isolation layer 4 between two adjacent anchoring piles 1 in the same row; placing an isolation frame 3 in the middle planting area, wherein two symmetrical sides of the isolation frame 3 are simultaneously abutted against the water seepage isolation layers 4 on two sides of the middle planting area so as to support the water seepage isolation layers 4 and prevent two side walls of the middle planting area from collapsing and displacing oppositely;
q5, pulling up the temporary baffle 2, and filling the bottom mud dug out by the Q2 into an empty area generated after the temporary baffle 2 is pulled up; the water seepage isolation layer 4 and the anchoring pile 1 form a built-in isolation wall.
According to the steps, the worker can gradually construct the middle planting area, but the construction process has the problem that the bottom mud has larger collapse probability, so that if the bottom mud is excavated at one time to form the middle planting area, the middle planting area has larger probability of deflection of the anchoring rod, two temporary baffles 2 which are symmetrical at two sides of the middle planting area are in a group, when the middle planting area is constructed, the group of temporary baffles 2 are inserted, one section of bottom mud is excavated, an isolation frame 3 is placed, and the middle planting area is formed after the plurality of sections of bottom mud are excavated.
The water seepage isolation layer 4 comprises a screen plate serving as a core layer, and clamping columns are formed on the side edges, close to the anchoring columns, of the screen plate; a column groove matched with the clamping column is formed in the anchoring column 1, the column groove extends vertically, and the end part of the column groove is open; after the net plate is wrapped with geotextile, the clamping column is inserted into the column groove to complete the fixation of the water seepage isolation layer 4 and the anchoring column 1.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for ecologically restoring water body bottom mud comprises the following steps,
s1, dividing a bottom mud stacking area at the edge of the river channel, and arranging heavy metal isolation blankets at the bottom and around the bottom mud stacking area; constructing an isolation area between the bottom mud stacking area and the river channel;
s2, dredging sediment, wherein the dredging sediment comprises the steps of digging out the sediment, screening, dehydrating and solidifying the sediment, and placing the solidified sediment in a sediment stacking area;
s3, setting an in-situ coverage area in the dredged river channel;
s4, planting heavy metal-enriched plants on the bottom mud in the bottom mud stacking area, and periodically harvesting the planted plants;
the method is characterized in that: the S2 further comprises the steps of dividing the bottom mud into multiple stages according to the digging depth of the bottom mud, and separately screening, dehydrating and solidifying the bottom mud of different stages; and stacking the sediment in the sediment stacking area from high to low according to the depth of the original sediment.
2. The ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the bottom mud is subjected to dehydration treatment by adopting a sludge pipe bag.
3. The ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S4 is also divided into a plurality of planting periods to replace the species of the planted plants; the basis for plant replacement is the growth rate of the plant root system and the ultimate length of the root system.
4. The ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud according to claim 3, characterized in that: and S4, after replacing the plants at least once, excavating in the bottom sediment stacking area and constructing an inner partition wall to separate a plurality of middle planting areas, wherein the depth of each middle planting area is 0.6-0.85 of the depth of the bottom sediment stacking area and is less than that of the bottom sediment stacking area.
5. The ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud according to claim 4, characterized in that: and selecting floating-leaf plants from the plants in the middle planting area.
6. The method for ecologically restoring the sediment of the water body as set forth in claim 4, wherein the step of constructing the inner partition wall comprises:
q1, determining the length of the middle planting area to extend along the length of the river channel, and driving two rows of columnar anchoring piles (1) in the bottom mud stacking area; the opposite sides of two adjacent anchoring piles (1) in the same row are provided with sliding chutes (11), and the sliding chutes (11) extend along the height of the anchoring piles (1) and have openings at the ends;
q2, inserting a temporary baffle (2) between two adjacent anchor piles (1) in the same row, and vertically sliding two symmetrical plate edges of the temporary baffle (2) into the sliding groove (11) respectively;
q3, digging bottom mud between the two rows of temporary baffles (2) to form a middle planting area, and piling the dug bottom mud on two sides of the middle planting area;
q4, fixing a water seepage isolation layer (4) between two adjacent anchoring piles (1) in the same row; an isolation frame (3) is placed in the middle planting area, and two symmetrical sides of the isolation frame (3) are simultaneously abutted against the water seepage isolation layers (4) on two sides of the middle planting area;
q5, pulling up the temporary baffle (2), and filling the sediment dug out by the Q2 into an empty area generated after the temporary baffle (2) is pulled up;
the water seepage isolation layer (4) and the anchoring pile (1) form a built-in isolation wall.
7. The ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud according to claim 4, characterized in that: two temporary baffles (2) of the bilateral symmetry of the middle planting area are a group, a group of temporary baffles (2) are inserted, one section of bottom mud is excavated and an isolation frame (3) is placed, and the middle planting area is formed after the excavation of a plurality of sections of bottom mud.
8. The built-in partition wall applied to the ecological restoration method of the water body bottom mud, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the water seepage isolation layer (4) comprises a screen plate serving as a core layer, and clamping columns are formed on the side edges, close to the anchoring columns, of the screen plate; a column groove matched with the clamping column is formed in the anchoring column (1), the column groove extends vertically, and the end part of the column groove is open; after the net plate is wrapped with geotextile in a surrounding way, the clamping column is inserted into the column groove to complete the fixation of the water seepage isolation layer (4) and the anchoring column (1).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114452932A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 | Active material for repairing lake sediment pollution and application thereof |
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| CN114452932A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 | Active material for repairing lake sediment pollution and application thereof |
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