CN107427518A - 治疗及/或预防路易小体病的药剂 - Google Patents
治疗及/或预防路易小体病的药剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供治疗及/或预防路易小体病(例如,帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)的药剂等,其含有伊曲茶碱作为有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗及/或预防路易小体病(Lewy body disease)(例如,帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease)中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)的药剂。
背景技术
α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein)大量存在于脑内的突触前末梢,是与突触可塑性、神经递质相关的蛋白(Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy,42,p.242(2011))。α-突触核蛋白病(α-synucleinopathy)是以α-突触核蛋白的蓄积·聚集形成为特征的神经退行性疾病的总称,例如包括路易小体病(lewy body disease)(例如,帕金森病中的痴呆症(Parkinson’s disease dementia)、弥漫性路易体病(defused lewy body disease)、路易体痴呆(lewy body dementia)、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)、多系统萎缩症(multiplesystem atrophy)(例如,橄榄脑桥小脑萎缩(olivopontocerebellar atrophy)、纹状体黑质变性(striatonigral degeneration)、Shy-Drager综合征(Shy-Drager syndrome)等)等。
就路易小体病而言,在神经细胞内观察到以α-突触核蛋白聚集体为主要成分的路易小体,就多系统萎缩症而言,在胶质细胞内观察到成为α-突触核蛋白阳性的包涵体。根据这些病变分布的程度而呈现出帕金森综合征(Parkinsonism)、认知障碍、自主神经症状、小脑性运动失调等各种症状(Parkinsonism and related disorders,20S1,p.S62(2014))。
认为路易小体病的认知障碍与额叶中的多巴胺及胆碱能神经的机能减退有关(Brain,137,p.2493(2014);Neurology,74,p.885(2010))。脑的额叶的前额皮层(prefrontal cortex)是掌管认知功能(例如,理解力、判断力、计算力、定向力、执行功能)等的部位。前额皮层的功能与多巴胺、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine)、γ-氨基丁酸等神经递质有关,缺乏这些物质时会引起认知障碍。
另一方面,已知伊曲茶碱(Istradefylline)(下述式(I))具有抗帕金森病活性(非专利文献1、专利文献1、专利文献2)、对神经退行性的抑制活性(专利文献3)、对帕金森病中的认知障碍的改善作用(非专利文献2)等。此外,与路易小体病型痴呆症有关的专利文献中也提及了伊曲茶碱(专利文献4)。
[化学式1]
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利申请公开第5484920号说明书
专利文献2:美国专利申请公开第5587378号说明书
专利文献3:国际公开第99/12546号小册子
专利文献4:国际公开第2010/009557号小册子
非专利文献
非专利文献1:“神经病学年鉴(Annals of Neurology)”,1998年,第43卷,p.507-513
非专利文献2:“精神药理学(Psychopharmacology)”,2013年,第230卷,p.345-352
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供例如治疗及/或预防路易小体病(例如,帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)的药剂等。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明涉及以下的(1)~(8)。
(1)治疗及/或预防路易小体病的药剂,其含有伊曲茶碱作为有效成分。
(2)如(1)所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为帕金森病中的痴呆症。
(3)如(1)所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为弥漫性路易体病。
(4)如(1)所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为路易小体病型痴呆症。
(5)如(1)所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为路易小体病中的运动障碍。
(6)治疗及/或预防路易小体病的方法,其包括施予有效量的伊曲茶碱的步骤。
(7)用于治疗及/或预防路易小体病的伊曲茶碱。
(8)伊曲茶碱用于制造治疗及/或预防路易小体病的药剂的用途。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可提供含有伊曲茶碱作为有效成分的治疗及/或预防路易小体病(例如,帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易小体病型痴呆症、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)等的药剂等。
具体实施方式
本发明中的路易小体病包括例如帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等。
作为本发明的有效成分的伊曲茶碱也可以以盐的形式使用。该盐包括例如药学上允许的酸加成盐、金属盐、铵盐、有机胺加成盐、氨基酸加成盐等。作为药学上允许的酸加成盐,可举出例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等无机酸盐;乙酸盐、草酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐等有机酸盐等,作为药学上允许的金属盐,可举出例如钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐、镁盐、钙盐等碱土金属盐、铝盐、锌盐等;作为药学上允许的铵盐,可举出例如铵、四甲基铵等的盐,作为药学上允许的有机胺加成盐,可举出例如吗啉、哌啶等的加成盐,作为药学上允许的氨基酸加成盐,例如可举出赖氨酸、甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等的加成盐。
伊曲茶碱可以以市售品(例如,NOURIAST(注册商标))的形式得到,或者可利用例如US5484920等中记载的方法得到。
接下来,通过试验例对伊曲茶碱的药理作用更具体地进行说明。
[试验例1]α-突触核蛋白病模型中的伊曲茶碱的效果
参考文献(Science,338,p.949(2012);Behavioral Brain Research,208,p.274(2010)),制备能够确认α-突触核蛋白病(例如,路易小体病(该路易小体病包括帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等))的治疗及/或预防效果的模型动物。
将α-突触核蛋白(rPeptide,S-100)或NAC61-95(定制(custom),Sigma)溶解于磷酸缓冲生理盐水(phosphate buffered saline(PBS))中,将得到的溶液分别以适用量注入SLC:ICR雄性小鼠的纹状体或侧脑室,引起认知障碍及/或运动障碍。确认已引起病状后,对该小鼠施予适用量的伊曲茶碱。通过Y形迷宫(Y-maze)、自主运动量、CATWALK等行为药理学性评价来确认施予后数小时的该小鼠的病状改善。
[试验例2]α-突触核蛋白病模型中的伊曲茶碱的效果
参考文献(Science,338,p.949(2012);Behavioral Brain Research,208,p.274(2010)),如下所述地制备能够确认α-突触核蛋白病(例如,路易小体病(该路易小体病包括帕金森病中的认知障碍、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等))的治疗及/或预防效果的模型动物。
用自发交替课题来评价认知功能。自发交替测试(spontaneous alternationtask)作为认知功能的评价系统而为人们所知,其利用了动物喜欢新的环境而进行探索的性质(Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,28,p.497(2004))。即,在Y字型迷宫装置内的探索中,以交替行动率表示动物在记住了刚才进入的臂的情况下、自发地进入不同的臂的行动,将其作为认知功能的指标。对于运动功能而言,使用步行功能·自动步态分析系统,对自然步态下的步行功能进行评价。
<模型制备>
将NAC61-95(定制,Sigma)溶解于PBS中,制备4μg/μL的NAC61-95溶液。
在戊巴比妥(somnopentyl,共立制药)(50mg/kg,i.p.)麻醉下,使用安装有二段式针(27G,针长3mm)的汉密尔顿注射器(Hamilton syringe)(10μL)将5μL的NAC 61-95溶液经约1分钟注入至Slc:ICR小鼠(雄性,Japan SLC,Inc.)的右侧脑室,然后静置1分钟,引起认知障碍及/或运动障碍。
此外,在戊巴比妥麻醉下,使用安装有二段式针的汉密尔顿注射器将5μL的PBS经约1分钟注入至Slc:ICR小鼠的右侧脑室,然后静置1分钟,从而制备假处理组。
<自发交替测试试验:认知功能评价>
使用了将由黑色的丙烯酸制的壁形成的3根臂(高20cm,长25cm,宽5cm)分别以120度的角度连接而成的Y字型迷宫装置。
从试验的前一天开始将小鼠移入实验室,将其驯化。将小鼠放入Y字型迷宫装置的任一根臂的前端,使其在迷宫内自由探索7分钟。此时,将小鼠的四肢全部进入至1根臂内的状态定义为进入臂内,并记录小鼠进入臂的顺序。将连续进入不同的3根臂的行动定义为自发交替行动,并利用以下的计算式算出交替行动率(spontaneous alternation)。
式1
需要说明的是,交替行动率的计算仅采用了进入臂内的总次数为10次以上的个体的数据。
<步行试验:运动功能评价>
使用了步行功能·自动步态分析系统(CatWalk XT,ver.9.1,NOLDUS)。系统由压敏发光玻璃的步行通道(walk way)及光源(light source)、发光顶板(ceiling)、高灵敏度高速摄像机以及分析软件构成,通过将压敏发光玻璃感应压力而进行发光的亮度进行数字化而对步行进行分析。利用分析软件,仅在中途不停止且笔直地走过步行通道上的设定范围内时自动地记录步行数据并进行分析。
将小鼠移入已熄灯的实验室,将其驯化1小时以上。将小鼠放入装置中,使其自由行走,直到获得每个个体的6个步行数据为止。仅针对能够分析的步行,从数据获得时间点早的数值中采用3个数据,算出其平均值。参考涉及帕金森病模型动物的运动障碍的文献(Journal of Biomedical Science,17,p.9(2010)),将最大亮度率(足迹呈现最大亮度的时间相对于总触地时间的比例)、足迹面积(足迹整体的面积)、及步行模式(设置四肢的顺序)的变化作为运动障碍的指标。
<药物处理>
在试验的60分钟前,以1.0mg/kg的用量口服施予伊曲茶碱(在0.5w/v%MC水溶液中悬浮,以使施予日的小鼠的每100g体重施予0.5mL的方式进行制备),或者,以施予日的小鼠的每100g体重施予0.5mL的方式口服施予不含有试验化合物的溶剂(0.5w/v%MC水溶液)。
<结果>
表1中以平均值±标准误差的形式示出了自发交替测试试验的交替行动率。
[表1]
表1伊曲茶碱对交替行动率的影响
组 | 处理/施予 | 交替行动率(%) | 动物数量(只) |
假处理 | 溶剂/溶剂 | 66.9±2.5 | 16 |
溶剂施予 | NAC61-95/溶剂 | 58.9±2.7 | 16 |
伊曲茶碱施予 | NAC61-95/伊曲茶碱 | 66.4±1.4 | 16 |
与假处理组相比,溶剂施予组的交替行动率显著降低(p<0.05,学生t检验),经由NAC61-95处理而引起了认知障碍。与之相对,与溶剂施予组相比,伊曲茶碱施予组的交替行动率显著升高(p<0.05,阿斯平-威尔士检验),确认了由NAC61-95处理导致的认知障碍得以被改善。
表2中以平均值±标准误差的形式示出了步行试验的各步行参数。
[表2]
表2伊曲茶碱对步行参数的影响
AA:右前肢→右后肢→左前肢→左后肢
AB:右前肢→左后肢→左前肢→右后肢
CA:右前肢→左前肢→右后肢→左后肢
CB:右前肢→左后肢→右后肢→左前肢
与假处理组相比,溶剂施予组的左后肢的最大亮度率显著降低(p<0.05,学生t检验),步行模式CB显著增加(p<0.01,Wilcoxon秩和检验(Wilcoxon rank sum test)),经由NAC61-95处理而引起了运动障碍。与之相对,与溶剂施予组相比,伊曲茶碱施予组的左后肢的最大亮度率显著增加(p<0.05,学生t检验),改善率为111%。此外,步行模式CB减少,改善率为100%。根据以上结果,在伊曲茶碱施予组中确认到由NAC61-95处理导致的运动障碍得以被改善。
由上述试验可确认伊曲茶碱具有对α-突触核蛋白病(可举出例如路易小体病(该路易小体病包括帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易体痴呆、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)等)的治疗及/或预防效果。
伊曲茶碱可直接单独施予,但理想的是以通常的各种医药制剂的形式提供。而且,这些医药制剂可用于动物或人。
本发明涉及的医药制剂可单独含有伊曲茶碱或其药学上允许的盐作为活性成分,或者以与任意其他有效成分的混合物的形式而含有伊曲茶碱或其药学上允许的盐。此外,这些医药制剂可通过将活性成分与药学上允许的一种或一种以上的载体(例如稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂等)一同混合,并利用制剂学的技术领域中熟知的任意方法来制造。
作为施予途径,期望使用在治疗时最有效的途径,可举出口服或者例如静脉内、经皮等非口服途径。
作为施予形式,可举出例如片剂、注射剂、外用剂等。
适合口服施予的例如片剂等可使用乳糖等赋形剂、淀粉等崩解剂、硬脂酸镁等润滑剂、羟丙基纤维素等粘合剂等来制造。
适合非口服施予的例如注射剂等可使用盐溶液、葡萄糖溶液或者盐水与葡萄糖溶液的混合液等稀释剂或者溶剂等来制造。
作为适合于外用剂的剂型,没有特别限定,可举出例如软膏剂、霜剂、搽剂(liniment)、乳剂(lotion)、凝胶膏剂、硬膏剂(plaster)、胶带剂(tape)等。例如,软膏剂、霜剂等可通过例如将活性成分溶解或混合分散于白凡士林等基剂中而制造。
伊曲茶碱或其药学上允许的盐的施予量及施予次数根据施予形式、患者的年龄、体重、待治疗的症状的性质或者严重程度等的不同而不同,通常在口服的情况下,以成人每人0.01~1000mg(优选为0.05~100mg)的范围每天施予1次至数次。静脉内施予等非口服施予的情况下,通常以成人每人0.001~1000mg(优选为0.01~100mg)每天施予1次至数次。经皮施予的情况下,通常每天1次至数次地涂布施予含有0.001~10%的伊曲茶碱或其药学上允许的盐的外用剂。然而,关于它们的施予量及施予次数,可根据前述的各种条件而进行改变。
以下,通过实施例对本发明更具体地进行说明,但本发明的范围并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
利用常规方法制备由以下组成构成的片剂。将伊曲茶碱(40g)、乳糖(286.8g)及马铃薯淀粉(60g)混合,向其中加入羟丙基纤维素的10%水溶液(120g)。利用常规方法将该混合物捏炼、造粒并使其干燥,然后进行整粒,制成压片用颗粒。向其中加入硬脂酸镁(1.2g)并进行混合,用具有直径为8mm的杵的压片机(菊水公司制RT-15型)进行压片,从而得到片剂(每片含有20mg有效成分)。
[表3]
表3
实施例2
利用常规方法制备由以下组成构成的注射剂。将伊曲茶碱(1g)添加至注射用蒸馏水中并进行混合,进而添加盐酸及氢氧化钠水溶液从而将pH调节至7,然后用注射用蒸馏水将总量定容为1000mL。向玻璃小瓶(glass vial)中分别无菌地填充2mL得到的混合溶液,从而得到注射剂(每瓶含有2mg活性成分)。
[表4]
表4
产业上的可利用性
本发明可用于例如路易小体病(例如,帕金森病中的痴呆症、弥漫性路易体病、路易小体病型痴呆症、路易小体病中的运动障碍等)的治疗及/或预防。
Claims (5)
1.治疗及/或预防路易小体病的药剂,其含有伊曲茶碱作为有效成分。
2.如权利要求1所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为帕金森病中的痴呆症。
3.如权利要求1所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为弥漫性路易体病。
4.如权利要求1所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为路易小体病型痴呆症。
5.如权利要求1所述的药剂,其中,路易小体病为路易小体病中的运动障碍。
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JPWO2016148261A1 (ja) | 2017-12-28 |
WO2016148261A1 (ja) | 2016-09-22 |
JP6867943B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 |
JP2021105050A (ja) | 2021-07-26 |
US20180085373A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
JP7062804B2 (ja) | 2022-05-06 |
EP3272349A4 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3272349A1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
KR20170129818A (ko) | 2017-11-27 |
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