CN107406323A - 用于混凝土改性的sbs胶乳 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有显著改善的耐性、模量和膨胀性的水泥和混凝土的组合物,与未改性的水泥和混凝土参照物相比,其将阳离子胶乳中基于热塑性苯乙烯‑丁二烯‑苯乙烯(SBS)共聚物的添加剂用于水泥。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)胶乳作为波特兰水泥或混凝土中添加剂的用途。
背景技术
包含水泥结合层的铺面(pavement)系统已在世界范围内使用了一个多世纪,并取得了巨大成功。波特兰水泥可以用于铺面系统中的几乎每个层。典型应用包括改善地基土的质量并稳定基体材料。将多个基于水泥的层整合成铺面设计可提供用于实现更坚固、更耐久的可持续铺面的成本有效的方法。例如,使用与置于尚未准备好的地基上的无结合粒料基体相对的水泥改性的土和经水泥处理的基体可以减小基体材料所需的厚度。此外,经水泥处理的基体可降低混凝土或沥青表面所需的厚度,结果是更少的材料和整体降低的成本。除了是新混凝土铺面和混凝土上覆层表面的关键组分以外,水泥的其他独特表面应用包括碾压混凝土(roller compacted concrete,RCC)、预制铺面和透水混凝土铺面。水泥还用于大量铺面修复技术,以及铺面阵列再循环和回收应用。
用于混凝土铺面的混合物通常包含以下组分:粗骨料和细骨料的共混物;波特兰水泥;水;以及有时其他胶结材料,例如粉煤灰和矿渣水泥,和/或化学混合物(见图1)。
尽管水泥和混凝土系统具有足够的特性以用于许多建筑应用,但是存在许多不可接受的特性,如强度或变形。
与未改性的混凝土和水泥砂浆相比,聚合物胶乳改性的波特兰水泥系统显现出物理特性的显著变化。存在许多关于胶乳改性的水泥系统用途的专利,具体地从苯乙烯-丁二烯聚合物胶乳(SBR无规)、丙烯酸胶乳、EPDM和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)胶乳至具有改善的强度、柔性、粘附性、断裂伸长率等的波特兰水泥。然而,不存在描述SBS胶乳用途的任何专利。这种类型的胶乳在用于混凝土改性的文献中没有记录。
发明内容
本发明涉及具有显著改善的强度特性、模量和伸长率的水泥和混凝土组合物,与未改性的水泥和混凝土参照物相比,其使用基于阳离子胶乳中的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯热塑性共聚物(SBS)的水泥添加剂。虽然大多数描述不同于SBS胶乳的任何其他胶乳的专利著作致力于柔性改善,但是其中没有致力于改善强度和变形的。
此外,这些类型的SBS栅格改进了混凝土的弹性模量,而大多数其他栅格用于提高水泥的强度。弹性模量改善是对结构支撑体,例如桥中的梁和柱的重要变量。
存在一些应用如固井,其中塑性对混凝土是重要的变量,其中混凝土一旦固化便可采用孔的形式,或者在井射孔期间稳定管道。在此,强度和变形的改进是关键变量,因为其与塑性相关。本发明提出的聚合物胶乳有助于增加固井中的塑性。
附图说明
图1描述混凝土组合物的主要成分和总体概述。
图2描述可用于配制SBS胶乳的SBS聚合物的不同结构形式。虽然本工作中仅包含线性SBS,但是其余的可以用作未来发展和专利文献的参照。
图3示出改性的混凝土试样(来自表3的样品2)相对于未改性的混凝土通过应力压缩的相似(甚至更好)的弹性模量性能。
图4和图3示出改性的混凝土试样(来自表3的样品3)相对于未改性的混凝土(常规混凝土)通过应力压缩的更好的弹性模量性能。此外,这些结果确定了SBS胶乳在改性的混凝土制剂中的好的改进。
图5也示出改性的混凝土试样(来自表3的样品4)相对于未改性的混凝土(常规混凝土)通过应力压缩的更好的弹性模量性能。这些结果再次确认了SBS胶乳在改性的混凝土制剂中的好的改进。
图6也示出改性的混凝土试样(来自表3的样品5)相对于未改性的混凝土(常规混凝土)通过应力压缩的更好的弹性模量性能。此外,这些结果确认了SBS胶乳在改性的混凝土制剂中的好的改进。
图7表明使用SBS聚合物为1.5%的SBS胶乳的改性的混凝土在应力/应变曲线下的面积百分比高于未改性的混凝土。该性能限定了改性的混凝土试样更好的塑性。
图8和图7表明使用SBS聚合物为3%的SBS胶乳的改性的混凝土在应力/应变曲线下的面积百分比高于未改性的混凝土。该性能限定了改性的混凝土试样更好的塑性。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯热塑性共聚物(SBS)胶乳作为波特兰水泥或混凝土中的添加剂以改进水泥砂浆和最终混凝土制剂中的抗拉强度、弹性模量和塑性的用途。
本文中所用的术语“波特兰水泥”是指通过将石灰-粘土混合物或天然水泥岩加热至基本上整个产品被烧结的这样的温度,随后研磨而获得的类型的产品。产品组成可包括硅酸二钙和硅酸三钙的混合物与一些量的铝酸盐。根据波特兰水泥制造实践指南,可包含不同添加剂以获得不同特性和快速固化。为了本发明的目的以及为了评估所谓的水凝水泥,所使用的水泥称作铝酸钙水泥。
在许多实例中,可期望的是将本发明的水泥组合物与骨料材料结合以形成水凝混凝土或混凝土。就此而言,优选的骨料材料是沙;然而,可使用任何颗粒材料,包括石头、砾石、花岗石、大理石碎片、云母等。
本文中所用的术语“苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯”胶乳意指来自SBS的任何水性胶态分散体。该SBS可以具有不同构型,例如图2中所示的线性、放射状或多臂。
在该SBS胶乳中,基于聚合物,苯乙烯含量为10%至50%重量/重量,丁二烯含量为50%至90%重量/重量。聚合物胶乳中的总固体含量为20%至70%重量/重量。将该聚合物在水中乳化,所述水包含乳化剂或者随时间推移没有任何沉淀的稳定系统中的试剂。胶束的尺寸为2微米至60微米。
对于本专利中的应用实例,使用了线性SBS胶乳。在第一实例中,使用SBS胶乳作为水泥改性剂,没有任何骨料填料进入制剂,其中根据方法ASTM C109制备的试样中改性的水泥相对于未改性的水泥压缩强度增加。该方法描述了用于使用一侧为5.08厘米的材料立方体测试砂浆的压缩强度的方法。
将配备有适当压缩压台的机械测试机器用于测试。如果试样的表面不完全平行,则压台中的一个必须是球座式以允许轻微的倾斜调整。测试机器在说明书指示的负载率范围内以缓慢的测试速度进行压缩。一旦达到合适的负载率,保持恒定的移动速率直至样品断裂。一旦样品开始屈服并最终断裂,需要精确的速度控制以保持移动速率。液压压缩测试机由于其高的力能力(high force capacity)而对这些测试是优选的。
在本申请的第二实例中,使用线性SBS胶乳作为混凝土改性剂,其中具有可控粒度的骨料包含在混凝土制剂中。此处用改性的混凝土相对于未改性的混凝土模制的试样中存在弹性模量的大量增加。
最后在第三实例中,使用线性SBS胶乳作为混凝土改性剂,并且所述实例示出改性的混凝土相对于未改性的混凝土塑性增加。在该实例中,除水泥和SBS胶乳的组合以外,还包含粗骨料和细骨料部分。在改性的混凝土相对于未改性的混凝土的情况下,强度-变形曲线的面积更大,并且固化时间对获得最大值是关键的。
实施例1.水泥砂浆中SBS胶乳的评价
通过使用Hobart混合器将表1中所述的成分混合而制备用于强度测试的水泥砂浆。
表1.制备水泥砂浆的成分和配方。
根据ASTM方法将砂浆模制成5.08厘米立方体和2.54厘米横截面的拉伸团块。
使试样湿固化24小时并在空气中在22.22℃和50%的相对湿度下固化30天。对一半试样测试压缩强度和抗拉强度。将另一半在水中浸没七天然后在湿态下测试。在该实验中,以表1中所述比例使用具有55%重量/重量固体的线性SBS胶乳。压缩强度的结果在表2中描述。
压缩强度和抗拉强度的增加对如用于釉面砖和陶瓷的粘合水泥浆,以及用于墙壁和天花板的水泥涂料(Tyrol)是重要的变量。
表2.水泥砂浆的压缩强度结果
实施例2.使用SBS胶乳的改性的混凝土弹性模量的评价
使用表3中所述配方进行混凝土改性研究。
表3.混凝土配方
注:
a.用于最终改性的混凝土中最后具有0.75%左右SBS。
b.用于最终改性的混凝土中最后具有1.5%左右SBS。
另一方面,表4描述了该研究中所使用的每种骨料的粒径曲线。
表4.本文中所使用的骨料的粒径曲线
粒径筛 | 细骨料,%通过 | 粗骨料,%通过 |
7.62厘米 | 0 | |
5.08厘米 | 0 | |
3.81厘米 | 100 | |
1厘米 | 99.6 | |
1.90厘米 | 63.6 | |
1.27厘米 | 15.1 | |
0.95厘米 | 100 | 6.7 |
4号 | 90.9 | 2.5 |
8号 | 70.6 | 1.9 |
16号 | 53.8 | |
30号 | 44.3 | |
50号 | 38.4 | |
100号 | 30.9 | |
200号 | 23.3 |
根据表3中所述配方的两种骨料的组合允许模制圆柱状试样以用于根据ASTM C39测量弹性模量。将SBS胶乳用作混凝土制剂中的添加剂,在最终组合物中使用0.75%重量/重量和1.5%重量/重量的SBS聚合物。图3、4、5和6示出改性的混凝土相对于未改性的混凝土在三种混凝土组固化水平下的性能。
ASTM C39方法涵盖了例如模制的圆柱体和钻芯的圆柱状混凝土试样压缩强度的测定。其限制在密度超过800kg/m3[50磅/英尺3]的混凝土。
将在野外浇铸并固化的圆柱体在生产的24小时至48小时内运输至实验室。然后使圆柱体在水(或高湿度室)中固化规定的固化时段(例如,7天、28天等)。在圆柱体已固化规定时间段的日期,将圆柱体从水槽中移出并在压缩下测试且记录强度和断裂模式。
弹性模量增加对用作桥用柱和梁的结构支撑体的水凝混凝土是重要的。
实施例3.使用SBS胶乳的改性的混凝土塑性的评价
使用表5中所述的配方和来自表4的骨料,根据ASTM C39确定应力-应变图,使形变大于40%直至试样断裂。
表5.用于塑性研究的改性和未改性的混凝土的制剂
注:
a.用于最终改性的混凝土中最后具有1.5%左右SBS。
b.用于最终改性的混凝土中最后具有3.0%左右SBS。
图7和8示出具有两种不同SBS胶乳浓度的改性的混凝土的应力-应变图。
应力-应变曲线下面积增加限定了塑性。面积越大,塑性越高。SBS胶乳改进了固井应用会感兴趣的混凝土的塑性,其中水凝混凝土需要模制成引入油管以获得用于泵送的油井的腔。本申请可被认为用于波特兰水泥标准品级及H级和G级(用于固井)。
Claims (9)
1.SBS胶乳作为水泥和/或混凝土组合物中的添加剂的用途,其中所述SBS胶乳包含在水性胶乳中的20%至70%的SBS聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述SBS胶乳以1%至10%的比例与水泥相结合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述SBS聚合物由10%至45%重量/重量的苯乙烯组合物和55%至90%重量/重量的丁二烯组合物组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述SBS聚合物具有线性、放射状或多臂构型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述混凝土组合物包含粗骨料和细骨料的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述SBS胶乳的存在使干试样的压缩强度提高25%至45%,湿试样的压缩强度提高10%至30%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述SBS胶乳的存在使干试样的抗拉强度提高23%至42%。
8.一种混凝土组合物,包含13.5%至15%重量/重量的水泥、20%至35%重量/重量的细骨料、45%至60%重量/重量的粗骨料、和3.5%至4.3%重量/重量的水,特征在于所述组合物还包含1.5%至3%重量/重量的SBS胶乳,其中观察到所述组合物的弹性模量增加4.5%至17%。
9.一种混凝土组合物,包含12%至15%重量/重量的水泥、35%重量/重量的细骨料、45%重量/重量的粗骨料、和2%至3.5%重量/重量的水,特征在于所述组合物还包含3%至6%重量/重量的SBS胶乳,其中观察到所述组合物的抗拉强度增加4%至21%,应变增加8%至30%。
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CN115304873B (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-06-18 | 湖南新湘路交通科技有限公司 | 半柔性复合路面界面增强剂及复合路面材料 |
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