CN107396807B - Planting method for transplanting big trees in arid region - Google Patents
Planting method for transplanting big trees in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN107396807B CN107396807B CN201710701597.6A CN201710701597A CN107396807B CN 107396807 B CN107396807 B CN 107396807B CN 201710701597 A CN201710701597 A CN 201710701597A CN 107396807 B CN107396807 B CN 107396807B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for transplanting big trees in an arid region, which comprises the following steps: digging a planting hole in a natural soil layer, spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun after the planting hole is dug, and forming a curing layer with the thickness of 5-10 cm, wherein the curing layer is a soil salt return inhibition structure layer for preventing salt from moving upwards; covering improved backfill soil with the thickness of 10-20 cm at the bottom of the planting hole, then placing a soil ball at the bottom of the big tree into the planting hole, and backfilling the improved backfill soil to cover the planting hole; covering a layer of geotextile on the surface layer of the planting hole, paving broken stones for fixation, and then carrying out conventional maintenance. Compared with the conventional big tree transplanting planting method, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil fertility is obviously improved, the soil moisture content is improved by 10%, the salt return is reduced while the moisture is kept, the tree vigor is quickly recovered after the big tree transplanting, and the maintenance cost after the big tree transplanting is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling planting method, in particular to a planting method for transplanting big trees in an arid region.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, large tree transplanting is often required to build urban landscaping landscape in a short time. The transplanting of the big trees can achieve the greening effect in a short period, play the ecological function and play an important role in improving the urban landscape. The big tree transplanting refers to transplanting deciduous trees with the diameter at breast height of more than 20cm and evergreen trees with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 cm.
The transplanting of the big trees in the arid area is an important way for improving the soil of the arid area and improving the local ecological environment. However, due to factors such as drought in arid areas, small rainfall, large evaporation capacity and the like, the water content of the soil is low, so that the water and soil nutrient supply of the transplanted big trees is insufficient, and the survival rate is low. When big trees are transplanted in arid areas, the survival rate is improved by selecting tree species with developed root systems and small evaporation capacity and strong drought tolerance or selecting the transplanting time of the big trees according to the meteorological characteristics of the arid areas, and the water content of soil is improved by means of soil preparation or mulching films paved in planting holes and the like, so that the survival rate of the transplanted big trees is improved. Wherein, lay the plastic film and can effectively hold back moisture near the root system in planting the cave, the plant of being convenient for absorbs moisture, prevents simultaneously that the rainwater from oozing down fast, improves the soil moisture conservation effect of soil, but has following shortcoming: firstly, when rainfall is large, rainwater can be accumulated in a large amount near the root system, the air permeability of soil is affected, the respiration of the root system is not facilitated, and the root retting phenomenon can be caused seriously; secondly, the mulching film is not beneficial to the downward root binding of the root system and the absorption of nutrients along with the growth of the root system; and thirdly, the mulching film is generally not easy to degrade and can affect the soil structure after being remained in the soil for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for transplanting big trees in an arid region aiming at the problems existing in laying mulching films in planting holes, so as to enhance the water storage and moisture preservation capability of soil, improve the soil fertility and realize the planting method for transplanting the big trees.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a planting method for transplanting big trees in an arid region, which comprises the following steps:
A. digging a planting hole in a natural soil layer, spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun after the planting hole is dug, and forming a curing layer with the thickness of 5-10 cm, wherein the curing layer is a soil salt return inhibition structure layer for preventing salt from moving upwards;
B. covering improved backfill soil with the thickness of 10-20 cm at the bottom of the planting hole, then placing a soil ball at the bottom of the big tree into the planting hole, and backfilling the improved backfill soil to cover the planting hole;
C. covering a layer of geotextile on the surface layer of the planting hole, paving broken stones for fixation, and then carrying out conventional maintenance.
Preferably, when the planting hole is backfilled by using the improved backfill soil, the surface layer of the planting hole is backfilled by using the improved backfill soil to form a soil heap packaging structure.
Preferably, the top end of the soil stacking and wrapping structure is 10-20 cm higher than the soil plane of the planting hole, and a rainwater collecting ditch is formed at the edge of the planting hole by the soil stacking and wrapping structure.
Preferably, the improved backfill soil is added by 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of original soil3Sheep manure 0.2-0.3 m3Turf, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 1.3-1.8 kg of water-retaining agent are added and stirred uniformly.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
Preferably, the liquid soil fixing agent comprises, by weight, 3-5 parts of sulfuric acid, 6-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of aluminum potassium sulfate, 15-25 parts of polyacrylamide and 40-60 parts of water.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
by adopting the planting method for transplanting the big trees in the arid area, disclosed by the invention, various raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the formula is reasonable, the cost is low, the construction process is simple, and the soil fertility, the water retention and the fertilizer retention are improved and the effect of controlling salt is achieved by optimizing the planting hole structure and improving the backfilled soil during transplanting the big trees. The liquid soil curing agent adopted by the invention has short drying time and good fusion effect with soil particles, enhances the agglomeration capability of soil, forms a firm cured layer and can better prevent the upward migration of salt at the lower layer.
Compared with the conventional big tree transplanting planting method, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil fertility is obviously improved, the soil moisture content is improved by 10%, meanwhile, according to the principle that salt comes along with water and salt goes along with water, the salt return is reduced while the moisture is maintained, the tree vigor is quickly recovered after the big tree is transplanted, and the maintenance cost after the big tree is transplanted is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the transplanting of big trees in arid regions.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides a planting method for transplanting big trees in an arid region, which is shown in figure 1 and particularly discloses a preferred embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. digging a planting hole in a natural soil layer 8, spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun after the planting hole is dug, and forming a cured layer 5 with the thickness of 5-10 cm, wherein the cured layer 5 is a soil salt return inhibition structure layer for preventing salt from moving upwards; B. covering improved backfill soil 7 with the thickness of 10-20 cm at the bottom of the planting hole, then placing a soil ball 6 at the bottom of the big tree 1 into the planting hole, and backfilling and covering the planting hole by adopting the improved backfill soil 7; C. covering a layer of geotextile 2 on the surface layer of the planting hole, paving broken stones 3 for fixation, and then carrying out conventional maintenance.
When a big tree is transplanted, after a planting hole is dug, spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun to form a cured layer 5 with the thickness of 5-10 cm; covering the bottom of the planting hole with improved backfill soil 7 with the thickness of 10-20 cm, then placing the big tree into the planting hole and filling and covering the big tree with the improved backfill soil 7, wherein the surface layer of the planting hole forms a shape similar to a hill by using the improved backfill soil 7.
The conventional transplanted big tree is inconvenient for rainwater infiltration because the surface layer of the planting hole is usually filled to be flush with the nearby soil level. Preferably, when the improved backfill soil 7 is used for backfilling and covering the planting holes, the surface layers of the planting holes are backfilled by the improved backfill soil 7 to form a soil heap and bag structure, the top ends of the soil heap and bag structure are 10-20 cm higher than the soil plane of the planting holes, and the soil heap and bag structure forms the rainwater collection ditch 4 at the edges of the planting holes. The shape of the soil heap package structure is convenient for rainwater to collect to rainwater collection ditch 4 and infiltration, and after covering the plant hole, in order to prevent the rainwater and wash and reduce the evaporation loss of moisture, cover a layer geotechnological cloth 2 and lay rubble 3 and fix on the plant hole top layer.
Preferably, the improved backfill soil 7 is added by 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of original soil3Sheep manure 0.2-0.3 m3Turf, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 1.3-1.8 kg of water-retaining agent are added and stirred uniformly. The calcium superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer to increase the available phosphorus content in soil, and is also a chemical modifier, Ca2+Can substitute for redundant exchangeable Na+Reducing the adsorption, promoting the aggregation of soil particles, improving the soil structure and enhancing the soil permeabilityIs particularly suitable for improving saline-alkali soil in arid regions and can reduce the content of exchangeable sodium ions in the soil. Preferably, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm, so that the water-retaining property of the backfill soil is improved.
Further, the liquid soil fixing agent comprises, by weight, 3-5 parts of sulfuric acid, 6-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of aluminum potassium sulfate, 15-25 parts of polyacrylamide and 40-60 parts of water. The liquid soil curing agent prepared according to the proportion has proper viscosity, is convenient to spray by using a spray gun, has strong diffusion and permeability, and can promote the soil particles to agglomerate by the combined action of the components of the substances penetrating into the soil particles so as to play a role in curing the soil. The liquid soil curing agent is infiltrated and injected into capillaries and gaps of the soil under the pressure action of a high-pressure spray gun, and Al3+、K+、H+The isocations cause the soil particles to aggregate by neutralizing the negative charges on the surface of the soil particle colloid, and a compact agglomerated structure is formed.
Sulfuric acid on the one hand provides H+The negative charges on the surface of the soil particle colloid are neutralized, and the soil aggregation is promoted; on the other hand, the acid environment is provided to prevent Al3+Hydrolysis occurs. The aluminum potassium sulfate reacts with water in the soil to generate crystals, so that the crystals absorb the soil moisture, fill the soil gaps and improve the compactness of the soil. The polyacrylamide is used as high-performance water-absorbent resin, so that the water-retaining capacity of the liquid soil curing agent can be improved, soil moisture is intercepted in the planting holes, and the roots of the big trees can absorb the moisture conveniently. The polyvinyl alcohol is used as a binder to improve the viscosity of the mixed solution, promote the connection with the original soil and ensure the consolidation effect of the dried liquid soil curing agent. The liquid soil stabilizer can form a protective layer in the planting hole, so that salt is prevented from migrating upwards, and salt return of soil is inhibited.
The technical principle of the planting method for transplanting the big trees in the arid region is as follows:
the improved backfill soil is backfilled on the surface layer of the planting hole to form a soil heap packaging structure, the top end of the soil heap packaging structure is higher than the soil plane of the planting hole, and a rainwater collecting ditch is formed between the top end of the soil heap packaging structure and the edge of the planting hole, so that rainwater is prevented from washing the surface soil layer when raining, and is collected to the rainwater collecting ditch along a gentle slope and seeps downwards, the soil storage and water retention capacity is improved, and the problem of insufficient water in an arid area is solved; and a layer of geotextile is covered on the surface layer of the planting hole, so that the evaporation loss of water is reduced, and the surface soil is prevented from being washed by rainwater.
On one hand, the soil fertility and the water retention capacity are improved by improving the backfill soil; on the other hand sprays liquid soil curing agent on plant hole bottom and inner wall, forms the protective layer of one deck plant hole, and the soil of inhibition upwards returns the salt and improves the water-retaining property of soil, and liquid soil curing agent can degrade gradually along with plant roots's growth and development, provides vegetation's nutrient, very ecological environmental protection.
By adopting the planting method for transplanting the big trees in the arid area, disclosed by the invention, various raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the formula is reasonable, the cost is low, the construction process is simple, and the soil fertility, the water retention and the fertilizer retention are improved and the effect of controlling salt is achieved by optimizing the planting hole structure and improving the backfilled soil during transplanting the big trees. The liquid soil curing agent adopted by the invention has short drying time and good fusion effect with soil particles, enhances the agglomeration capacity of soil, forms a firm cured layer and can better prevent the upward migration of salt at the lower layer.
Compared with the conventional big tree transplanting planting method, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil fertility is obviously improved, the soil moisture content is improved by 10%, meanwhile, according to the principle that salt comes along with water and salt goes along with water, the salt return is reduced while the moisture is maintained, the tree vigor is quickly recovered after the big tree is transplanted, and the maintenance cost after the big tree is transplanted is reduced.
Example 1
And determining the diameter and the depth of the planting hole according to the size of the soil ball of the transplanted big tree, wherein the diameter of the planting hole is 40-60 cm larger than the soil ball of the transplanted big tree, and the depth exceeds the height of the soil ball by 30-40 cm. Cleaning the impurities such as bricks, stones and the like in the excavated soil. According to 1m3Adding 0.15m into the original soil3Sheep manure 0.25m3The raw soil is modified and stirred evenly by turf, 0.75kg of calcium superphosphate and 1.4kg of water-retaining agent to form modified backfill soil.
The liquid soil curing agent comprises the following components: 4 parts of sulfuric acid, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of aluminum potassium sulfate, 20 parts of polyacrylamide and 50 parts of water.
After a planting hole for transplanting the big tree is dug, spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun to form a cured layer with the thickness of 5-10 cm; covering improved backfill soil with the thickness of 10-20 cm at the bottom of the planting hole, then placing the big tree into the planting hole and filling and covering the big tree with the improved backfill soil, forming a soil heap and bag structure on the surface layer of the planting hole by using the improved backfill soil, enabling the top end to be 10-20 cm higher than the horizontal plane of the soil, forming a rainwater collecting ditch at the edge of the planting hole on the surface layer, and enabling rainwater to be conveniently collected into the collecting ditch and to seep down due to the shape of a hill; after the planting holes are covered, in order to prevent rain wash and reduce evaporation loss of water, a layer of geotextile is covered on the surface layers of the planting holes and is fixed by gravels.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A planting method for transplanting big trees in arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. digging a planting hole in a natural soil layer (8), spraying a layer of liquid soil curing agent on the bottom and the inner wall of the planting hole by using a high-pressure spray gun after the planting hole is dug, so as to form a cured layer (5) with the thickness of 5-10 cm, wherein the cured layer (5) is a soil salt return inhibition structure layer for preventing salt from moving upwards, and the liquid soil fixing agent comprises 3-5 parts by weight of sulfuric acid, 6-15 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts by weight of aluminum potassium sulfate, 15-25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 40-60 parts by weight of water;
B. covering improved backfill soil (7) with the thickness of 10-20 cm at the bottom of the planting hole, then placing a soil ball (6) at the bottom of the big tree (1) into the planting hole, and backfilling and covering the planting hole by adopting the improved backfill soil (7);
C. covering a layer of geotextile (2) on the surface layer of the planting hole, paving broken stones (3) for fixation, and then carrying out conventional maintenance.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: when the planting hole is backfilled and covered by the improved backfill soil (7), the surface layer of the planting hole is backfilled by the improved backfill soil (7) to form a soil heap and bag structure.
3. The planting method of claim 2, wherein: the top end of the soil stacking and wrapping structure is 10-20 cm higher than the soil plane of the planting hole, and a rainwater collecting ditch (4) is formed at the edge of the planting hole by the soil stacking and wrapping structure.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the improved backfill soil (7) is added with 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of original soil3Sheep manure 0.2-0.3 m3Turf, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate or 2-2.5 kg of phosphogypsum, and 1.3-1.8 kg of water-retaining agent are added and stirred uniformly to form the water-retaining agent.
5. The planting method of claim 4, wherein: the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
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| CN108925280B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-11-17 | 杭州萧山园林集团有限公司 | Saline-alkali-resistant planting structure and method for landscaping big trees in intertidal and reclamation land |
| CN109566229A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-05 | 武威市文裕农业科技开发有限公司 | One kind being suitable for northwest desert arid biogeographic zone Black Box Tracing cultural method |
| CN109937842B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-11-26 | 新疆农业大学 | Water-saving method for soil structure for greening |
| CN111436324A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-24 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Forest water-retention planting method |
| CN113016475B (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2023-09-22 | 蒲恒恒 | Tree planting method in soil moisture saturation area |
| TWI816320B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-09-21 | 興磊資源回收股份有限公司 | Planting soil |
| CN113508735A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-19 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Arbor transplanting method with nutrition film |
| CN114051885A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆维泰开发建设（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for improving survival rate of steep slope tree planting in arid region |
| CN114190220A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | High-quality camellia oleifera cultivation method |
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| US10172293B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2019-01-08 | Injekta Environmental Pty Ltd | Soil remediation composition |
| CN105028011B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-07-07 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Highlands planting tree hole and planting tree method |
| CN105993259B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-12-05 | 山西大学 | Host material and restorative procedure for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN105941046A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥公盈园艺科技有限公司 | Plantation method improving nursery stock survival rate under drought environment |
| CN106385853A (en) * | 2016-09-04 | 2017-02-15 | 云南省能源研究院有限公司 | Method for improving plateau stony desertification |
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