CN107371975A

CN107371975A - A kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus

Info

Publication number: CN107371975A
Application number: CN201710741369.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘小斌
Original assignee: Li Riverside County Wanjiaxing Fruit And Vegetable Cooperatives
Current assignee: Li Riverside County Wanjiaxing Fruit And Vegetable Cooperatives
Priority date: 2017-08-25
Filing date: 2017-08-25
Publication date: 2017-11-24

Abstract

The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus；The implantation methods include the steps such as selection of land plantation, earsh management and bearing-age tree management.Compared with conventional method, the present invention ensure that the nutritional need of different times, make citrus growth normal, golden mean of the Confucian school stable yields, fruit-setting rate is high, and well developed root system, growth of young is fast, and chemical pesticide uses few by the plantation of specification citrus on the whole, fertilising and application method；Planted using the inventive method, the ripening fruits of harvest is of moderate size, the full light of fruit body, and soluble solid content is high, and flavor is dense, and sugariness is high, and the more sluggings of juice, yield and quality is all improved, and reaches non-polluted planting standard.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus

【Technical field】

The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus.

【Background technology】

Citrus is the Common Fruits of south China, and one of fruit pillar industry of southern area, and its is nutritious, mouth Feel sour-sweet, be loved by consumers.

Cultivate administration technology determines the height of citrus production and the quality of quality, lacks unified standard in production at present Change implantation methods, pesticide abuse, phenomenon is serious to fertilize partially, causes planting cost high, yields poorly, poor quality, made to planting household Into heavy economic losses, therefore, nuisanceless standardized planting method has turned into the Main way of mandarin orange planting management at this stage.

【The content of the invention】

In view of the above, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus, this method by advising on the whole The plantation of model citrus, fertilising and application method, ensure that the nutritional need of different times, make citrus growth normal, golden mean of the Confucian school stable yields, sit Fruit rate is high, and growth of young is fast, and chemical pesticide uses few；Planted using the inventive method, the ripening fruits of harvest is of moderate size, fruit The full light of body, soluble solid content is high, and flavor is dense, and sugariness is high, and the more sluggings of juice, yield and quality is all improved, reached To non-polluted planting standard.

To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：

A kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus, comprise the following steps：

(1) selection of land is planted：Select soil layer is deep, level of ground water is relatively low, it is loose, rich in organic matter, refreshing water, can irrigation and drainage, to Sun, the plot that soil pH is 5.5-6.5 are planted；First dig wide 0.8 × 0.8-1.0 × 1.0 meter during plantation, the hole of deep 0.6-0.9 rice, Decomposed organic excrement material is inserted in hole, depth of packing 20-30cm, then with mulch agent to citrus bacterin root, the use of mulch agent It is 100-200 by weight ratio to measure as 100-300g/ strains, the mulch agent:1:5 fresh yellow soil, root-inducing powder and plant extract Liquid is blended, and is immediately placed in hole and is planted after slurry root knot beam, and planting density is 60-80 plants/acre, and root water is poured after plantation, And keep ground moistening；

(2) earsh manages：Earsh refers to the citrus trees in this period to before yielding positive results after planting；Earsh manages Including following technology：A. apply fertilizer：0.3-0.5% urea and bran liquid dung are applied in leaching before each young sprout rudiment；Young sprout applies 0.5- from after cutting 0.8% composite fertilizer and bran liquid dung, dose are composite fertilizer 1-2 jin/strain, bran liquid dung 0.8-2 jin/strain；B. it is short to cut and dredge the tip：Often The secondary tip stays 6-7 piece leaves are short to cut when aging, promotes lower batch of young sprout sprouting to expand tree crown；Put overstocked excessively weak branch every time after the tip Remove, leave medium young sprout 3-4 of growing way, so circulation until autumn growth is more than 100；C. flower thinning fruit：Plant 11-12 then Month, foliage-spray 920 and 0.4-0.6% urea, 920 every gram be watered 30 jin, and increase instant nitrogenousfertilizer in spring 0.5-1 jin/strain, to reach flower thinning fruit, promote to take out the purpose of the tip；D. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Matched somebody with somebody during each young sprout phase long 2-3cm with weight Than for 7-10:6:Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after 1000-1500 times of 0.8 insecticide, Dipel powder and gelatin mixed diluting, can Pest control occurs；The disease high-incidence season is 5-10 with weight proportion:7:0.5:0.1 bactericide, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil With carry out spraying preventing and treating after 1000-1500 times of calcium chloride solution mixed diluting；Yellow twig plant will first be sprayed and chopped at a tree afterwards；E. stay Grass interplanting：Intercrop green manure or grass planting is stayed on earsh trade, and the height of green manure or grass is controlled in below 30cm；

(3) bearing-age tree management：Including following technology：A. orchard soil management：Annual winter or early spring drip from tree crown periphery Waterline plays the long 1-1.5m of opens outward, wide 30-40cm, deep 40-60cm ditch, and organic manure 10-20kg/ strains, bran are applied into ditch Cake fertilizer 1-1.5kg/ strains, composite fertilizer's 0.3-0.6kg/ strains and phosphate fertilizer 1-1.5kg/ strains, and year by year to external expansion, with improved soil group Kernel structure, strengthen fertility；Intertilled before the germination of autumn and winter to spring, depth 5-10cm, summer then plants between the plant of orchard Grass, prevent soil loss；B. fertilizing management：Apply within 10-15 days before rudiment bran liquid dung fertilizer 10-30kg/ strains, compoiste fertilizer 0.3- 0.5kg/ strains, Spring-shoot growth and flowers and fruits development can be promoted；Thank and spend 70% to spend latter week Nei Shi composite fertilizers 0.2-0.3kg/ strains to thanking Can fruit retention；Mid-July to early August applies soya-bean cake or bran fertilizer 1.5-3.0kg/ strains, muck 10-15kg/ strains, peroxophosphoric acid after being filled with enough water Calcium 1-1.5kg/ strains, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.15-0.4kg/ strains can strengthen fruit；Fruit expanding period imposes muck 2 times, each 15- 20kg/ strains, and with bran fertilizer 0.5kg mixing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.1kg earthing ditch spreads, can meet that fruit development and Bao Ye survive the winter； Per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.2-0.5kg, muck 20-30kg, bran fertilizer 1-3kg and lime 0.5-1.0kg after picking fruit；C. flower skill is promoted Art：During annual bud differentiation, diluted after being mixed every 10-15 days with 15% paclobutrazol and the maize germ extract of equivalent 300-400 times sprays blade back；D. flower and fruit protecting technology：Thank to colored 70-80% to thanking to latter two week of flower with the 920 of 70-75% Every gram is watered 40-60 kilograms and is sprayed with 1000-1500 times of brassin on fruitlet；E. diseases prevention management：Whole orchard is opened every year Exhibition unified preventing and treating diaphorina citri 2-3 times；F. tree crown epiphragma technology：By the end of November to epiphragma is started at the beginning of 12 months, completed before December 10 Epiphragma, a concrete column is found every 2-3m along row in the ranks, concrete column height will be higher by 20-40cm at the top of tree crown, in intercolumniation frame One strip bamboo draws a steel wire, and by membrane cover on frame, even end pulling cord is fixed, and makes film into inverted V-shaped.

Further, in step (1), the preparation method of the plant extraction liquid is：Count in parts by weight, by golden cypress leaf 7- 9 parts, Chinese aloe leaf 10-19 parts, Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf 3-7 parts and flower herba lycopi 10-14 parts crush, and add the 90-95% of 10-20 volumes times Ethanol in refluxing extraction 1-3h, repeat extraction 2-3 time, merging extract solution, and be concentrated into the 1/4 of original volume, produce.

Further, in step (2), the insecticide is one kind in carbosulfan, good winter in year or mite killing difficult to understand.

Further, in step (2), the bactericide is one kind in prochloraz, how clever bacterium or Mancozeb.

Further, in step (2), the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2-4%.

Further, in step (3), the preparation method of the maize germ extract is：Maize germ is added into 5-7 weights The volumetric concentration of amount times is to grind 20-40min in 70-80% methanol solutions, high speed refrigerated centrifuge 10-15min, takes supernatant, Produce the maize germ extract.

The present invention has the advantages that：

(1) present invention ensure that the nutrition of different times by the plantation of specification citrus on the whole, fertilising and application method Demand, make citrus growth normal, golden mean of the Confucian school stable yields, fruit-setting rate is high, and well developed root system, growth of young is fast, and chemical pesticide uses few；Use The inventive method is planted, and the ripening fruits of harvest is of moderate size, the full light of fruit body, and soluble solid content is high, and flavor is dense, Sugariness is high, and the more sluggings of juice, yield and quality is all improved, and reaches non-polluted planting standard.

(2) mulch agent is first used in selection of land of the present invention plantation, before plantation to citrus bacterin root, mulch agent by fresh yellow soil, Root-inducing powder and plant extraction liquid are blended, and root-inducing powder can promote root growth, and plant extraction liquid by golden cypress leaf, Chinese aloe leaf, Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf and flower herba lycopi extract to obtain, and have very strong inhibitory or killing effect to pathogenic bacteria, can prevent and treat butt rot, accelerate root The growth in portion.

(3) in earsh management of the present invention, spraying preventing and treating is carried out with the mixing of insecticide, Dipel powder and gelatin, can Pest control occurs；Spraying preventing and treating is carried out with the mixing of bactericide, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and calcium chloride solution, can be carried High prevention effect, reduce chemical pesticide dosage；Wherein, Dipel powder has to insect and tagged and stomach toxic action, with killing Worm agent, gelatin compounding, can improve insecticidal effect；And cordate houttuynia decoction liquor has a fungistatic effect, calcium chloride solution can by calcium from Son contacts with germ cell membrane phospholipid bilayer, increases permeability of cell membrane, decoction is smoothly entered in germ body, therefore, Bactericide, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and calcium chloride solution compounding, bactericidal effect is notable, further reduces applications of pesticide amount.

(4) in bearing-age tree management of the present invention, during annual bud differentiation, leaf is sprayed with paclobutrazol and maize germ extract The back of the body can promote bud differentiation, and wherein maize germ extract can promote cell division and tissue to break up, and paclobutrazol Synergistic, Further bud is promoted quickly to break up；And to tree crown epiphragma, can frost damage prevention or harm of burning day, ensure that fruit tree growth is normal.

【Embodiment】

All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, each Feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics.

Embodiment 1

A kind of implantation methods of mountain region citrus of the present embodiment, comprise the following steps：

(1) selection of land is planted：Select soil layer is deep, level of ground water is relatively low, it is loose, rich in organic matter, refreshing water, can irrigation and drainage, to Sun, the plot that soil pH is 5.5 are planted；Wide 0.8 × 0.8 meter, deep 0.6 meter hole is first dug during plantation, by decomposed organic excrement material Insert in hole, depth of packing 20cm, then with mulch agent to citrus bacterin root, the dosage of mulch agent is 100g/ strains, the mulch Agent is 100 by weight ratio:1:5 fresh yellow soil, root-inducing powder and plant extraction liquid is blended, and is immediately placed in after starching root knot beam Planted in hole, planting density is 60 plants/acre, root water is poured after plantation, and keep ground moistening；Wherein, the plant extract The preparation method of liquid is：Count in parts by weight, by 7 parts of golden cypress leaf, 10 parts of Chinese aloe leaf, 3 parts of Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf and 10 parts of herba lycopi of flower Crush, add refluxing extraction 1h in 90% ethanol of 10 volumes times, repeat extraction 2 times, merge extract solution, and be concentrated into substance Long-pending 1/4, is produced；

(2) earsh manages：Earsh refers to the citrus trees in this period to before yielding positive results after planting；Earsh manages Including following technology：A. apply fertilizer：0.3% urea and bran liquid dung are applied in leaching before each young sprout rudiment；Young sprout is applied 0.5% after cut and answered Hefei and bran liquid dung, dose are jin/plant of composite fertilizer 1, jin/plant of bran liquid dung 0.8；B. it is short to cut and dredge the tip：6 are stayed when the tip is aging every time Piece leaf is short to be cut, and promotes lower batch of young sprout to sprout to expand tree crown；Overstocked excessively weak branch is removed after putting the tip every time, left in growing way Deng young sprout 3, so circulation until autumn growth more than 100；C. flower thinning fruit：Plant November then, the He of foliage-spray 920 0.4% urea, 920 every gram be watered 30 jin, and jin/plant of instant nitrogenousfertilizer 0.5 is increased in spring, to reach flower thinning fruit, promotees to take out The purpose of the tip；D. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Weight proportion is 7 during each young sprout phase long 2-3cm:6:0.8 carbosulfan, Su Yun Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after golden 1000 times of bacillus powder and gelatin mixed diluting, can pest control generation；The disease high-incidence season is matched somebody with somebody with weight Than for 5:7:0.5:0.1 prochloraz, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and concentration is 2% calcium chloride solution mixed diluting Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after 1000 times；Yellow twig plant will first be sprayed and chopped at a tree afterwards；E. careless interplanting is stayed：In earsh trade intercrop Green manure stays grass planting, and the height of green manure or grass is controlled in below 30cm；

(3) bearing-age tree management：Including following technology：A. orchard soil management：Annual winter or early spring drip from tree crown periphery Waterline plays the long 1m of opens outward, wide 30cm, deep 40cm ditch, and organic manure 10kg/ strains, bran cake fertilizer 1kg/ strains are applied into ditch, is answered Hefei 0.3kg/ strains and phosphate fertilizer 1kg/ strains, and, with improved soil nodule structure, strengthen fertility to external expansion year by year；Autumn and winter is extremely Intertilled before spring germination, depth 5cm, summer then plants grass between the plant of orchard, prevents soil loss；B. fertilizing management： Bran liquid dung fertilizer 10kg/ strains, compoiste fertilizer 0.3kg/ strains are applied within 10 days before rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flowers and fruits development can be promoted；Xie Hua 70% spends latter week Nei Shi composite fertilizers 0.2kg/ strains can fruit retention to thanking；Mid-July to early August applies soya-bean cake or bran after being filled with enough water Fertile 1.5kg/ strains, muck 10kg/ strains, calcium superphosphate 1kg/ strains, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.15kg/ strains can strengthen fruit；Fruit expanding period Impose muck 2 times, each 15kg/ strains, and with bran fertilizer 0.5kg mixing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.1kg earthing ditch spreads, fruit can be met Development and guarantor's leaf are survived the winter；Per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.2kg, muck 20kg, bran fertilizer 1kg and lime 0.5kg after picking fruit；C. flower is promoted Technology：During annual bud differentiation, 300 are diluted after being mixed every 10 days with 15% paclobutrazol and the maize germ extract of equivalent Blade back is sprayed again；D. flower and fruit protecting technology：Thank colored 70-80% to thank flower latter two week with 70% 920 every gram be watered 40 Kilogram and brassin 1000 spray again on fruitlet；E. diseases prevention management：Carry out unified preventing and treating diaphorina citri 2 to whole orchard every year It is secondary；F. tree crown epiphragma technology：By the end of November to epiphragma is started at the beginning of 12 months, epiphragma was completed before December 10, along row in the ranks every 2m founds a concrete column, and concrete column height will be higher by 20cm at the top of tree crown, in the strip bamboo of intercolumniation frame one or draws a steel wire, membrane cover is existed On frame, even end pulling cord is fixed, and makes film into inverted V-shaped；Wherein, the preparation method of the maize germ extract is：By jade The volumetric concentration that rice plumule adds 5 times of weight is to grind 20min in 70% methanol solution, high speed refrigerated centrifuge 10min, takes supernatant Liquid, produce the maize germ extract.

Embodiment 2

(1) selection of land is planted：Select soil layer is deep, level of ground water is relatively low, it is loose, rich in organic matter, refreshing water, can irrigation and drainage, to Sun, the plot that soil pH is 6.5 are planted；Wide 1.0 × 1.0 meters, deep 0.9 meter hole is first dug during plantation, by decomposed organic excrement material Insert in hole, depth of packing 30cm, then with mulch agent to citrus bacterin root, the dosage of mulch agent is 300g/ strains, the mulch Agent is 200 by weight ratio:1:5 fresh yellow soil, root-inducing powder and plant extraction liquid is blended, and is immediately placed in after starching root knot beam Planted in hole, planting density is 80 plants/acre, root water is poured after plantation, and keep ground moistening；Wherein, the plant extract The preparation method of liquid is：Count in parts by weight, by 9 parts of golden cypress leaf, 19 parts of Chinese aloe leaf, 7 parts of Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf and 14 parts of herba lycopi of flower Crush, add refluxing extraction 3h in 95% ethanol of 20 volumes times, repeat extraction 3 times, merge extract solution, and be concentrated into substance Long-pending 1/4, is produced；

(2) earsh manages：Earsh refers to the citrus trees in this period to before yielding positive results after planting；Earsh manages Including following technology：A. apply fertilizer：0.5% urea and bran liquid dung are applied in leaching before each young sprout rudiment；Young sprout is applied 0.8% after cut and answered Hefei and bran liquid dung, dose are jin/plant of composite fertilizer 2, jin/plant of bran liquid dung 2；B. it is short to cut and dredge the tip：7 are stayed when the tip is aging every time Leaf is short to be cut, and promotes lower batch of young sprout to sprout to expand tree crown；Overstocked excessively weak branch is removed after putting the tip every time, it is medium to leave growing way Young sprout 4, so circulation until autumn growth more than 100；C. flower thinning fruit：Plant December then, the He of foliage-spray 920 0.6% urea, 920 every gram be watered 30 jin, and jin/plant of instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 is increased in spring, to reach flower thinning fruit, rush takes out the tip Purpose；D. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Weight proportion is 10 during each young sprout phase long 2-3cm:6:0.8 good winter in year, Su Yun gold bars Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after 1500 times of bacterium powder and gelatin mixed diluting, can pest control generation；The disease high-incidence season is with weight proportion 10:7:0.5:0.1 how clever bacterium, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and concentration is 4% 1500 times of calcium chloride solution mixed diluting After carry out spraying preventing and treating；Yellow twig plant will first be sprayed and chopped at a tree afterwards；E. careless interplanting is stayed：On earsh trade intercrop green manure or Grass planting is stayed, and the height of green manure or grass is controlled in below 30cm；

(3) bearing-age tree management：Including following technology：A. orchard soil management：Annual winter or early spring drip from tree crown periphery Waterline plays the long 1.5m of opens outward, wide 40cm, deep 60cm ditch, and organic manure 20kg/ strains, bran cake fertilizer 1.5kg/ are applied into ditch Strain, composite fertilizer's 0.6kg/ strains and phosphate fertilizer 1.5kg/ strains, and, with improved soil nodule structure, strengthen fertility to external expansion year by year；Autumn Intertilled before the germination of winter to spring, depth 10cm, summer then plants grass between the plant of orchard, prevents soil loss；B. apply Fertilizer management：Bran liquid dung fertilizer 30kg/ strains, compoiste fertilizer 0.5kg/ strains are applied within 15 days before rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flowers and fruits development can be promoted； Thank and spend 70% to spend latter week Nei Shi composite fertilizers 0.3kg/ strains can fruit retention to thanking；Mid-July to early August applies soya-bean cake after being filled with enough water Or bran fertilizer 3.0kg/ strains, muck 15kg/ strains, calcium superphosphate 1.5kg/ strains, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.4kg/ strains can strengthen fruit；Fruit is swollen The big phase imposes muck 2 times, each 20kg/ strains, and with bran fertilizer 0.5kg mixing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.1kg earthing ditch spreads, can meet Fruit development and Bao Ye survive the winter；Per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5kg, muck 30kg, bran fertilizer 3kg and lime 1.0kg after picking fruit；c. Promote flower technology：It is dilute after being mixed every 15 days with 15% paclobutrazol and the maize germ extract of equivalent during annual bud differentiation Release 400 times and spray blade back；D. flower and fruit protecting technology：Thank colored 70-80% to thank flower latter two week with 75% 920 every gram convert 60 kilograms of water and brassin 1500 are sprayed on fruitlet again；E. diseases prevention management：Carry out unified preventing and treating citrus to whole orchard every year Wood louse 3 times；F. tree crown epiphragma technology：By the end of November to epiphragma is started at the beginning of 12 months, epiphragma was completed before December 10, along row in the ranks A concrete column is found every 3m, concrete column height will be higher by 40cm at the top of tree crown, in the strip bamboo of intercolumniation frame one or a steel wire be drawn, by film Cover on frame, even end pulling cord is fixed, and makes film into inverted V-shaped；Wherein, the preparation method of the maize germ extract is： It is to grind 40min in 80% methanol solution by the volumetric concentration that maize germ adds 7 times of weight, high speed refrigerated centrifuge 15min, takes Supernatant, produce the maize germ extract.

Embodiment 3

(1) selection of land is planted：Select soil layer is deep, level of ground water is relatively low, it is loose, rich in organic matter, refreshing water, can irrigation and drainage, to Sun, the plot that soil pH is 6.0 are planted；Wide 0.9 × 0.9 meter, deep 0.8 meter hole is first dug during plantation, by decomposed organic excrement material Insert in hole, depth of packing 25cm, then with mulch agent to citrus bacterin root, the dosage of mulch agent is 200g/ strains, the mulch Agent is 150 by weight ratio:1:5 fresh yellow soil, root-inducing powder and plant extraction liquid is blended, and is immediately placed in after starching root knot beam Planted in hole, planting density is 70 plants/acre, root water is poured after plantation, and keep ground moistening；Wherein, the plant extract The preparation method of liquid is：Count in parts by weight, by 8 parts of golden cypress leaf, 15 parts of Chinese aloe leaf, 6 parts of Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf and 13 parts of herba lycopi of flower Crush, add refluxing extraction 2h in 93% ethanol of 15 volumes times, repeat extraction 3 times, merge extract solution, and be concentrated into substance Long-pending 1/4, is produced；

(2) earsh manages：Earsh refers to the citrus trees in this period to before yielding positive results after planting；Earsh manages Including following technology：A. apply fertilizer：0.4% urea and bran liquid dung are applied in leaching before each young sprout rudiment；Young sprout is applied 0.6% after cut and answered Hefei and bran liquid dung, dose are jin/plant of composite fertilizer 1.5, jin/plant of bran liquid dung 1；B. it is short to cut and dredge the tip：7 are stayed when the tip is aging every time Piece leaf is short to be cut, and promotes lower batch of young sprout to sprout to expand tree crown；Overstocked excessively weak branch is removed after putting the tip every time, left in growing way Deng young sprout 4, so circulation until autumn growth more than 100；C. flower thinning fruit：Plant 11-12 months then, foliage-spray 92 0 and 0.5% urea, 920 every gram be watered 30 jin, and jin/plant of instant nitrogenousfertilizer 0.8 is increased in spring, to reach flower thinning fruit, promoted Take out the purpose of the tip；D. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Weight proportion is 8 during each young sprout phase long 3cm:6:0.8 mite killing difficult to understand, Su Yun gold bars Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after 1300 times of bacterium powder and gelatin mixed diluting, can pest control generation；The disease high-incidence season is with weight proportion 7:7:0.5:0.1 Mancozeb, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and concentration is 3% calcium chloride solution mixed diluting 1300 Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after times；Yellow twig plant will first be sprayed and chopped at a tree afterwards；E. careless interplanting is stayed：In earsh trade intercrop green manure Or grass planting is stayed, and the height of green manure or grass is controlled in below 30cm；

(3) bearing-age tree management：Including following technology：A. orchard soil management：Annual winter or early spring drip from tree crown periphery Waterline plays the long 1.2m of opens outward, wide 35cm, deep 49cm ditch, and organic manure 15kg/ strains, bran cake fertilizer 1.2kg/ are applied into ditch Strain, composite fertilizer's 0.5kg/ strains and phosphate fertilizer 1.2kg/ strains, and, with improved soil nodule structure, strengthen fertility to external expansion year by year；Autumn Intertilled before the germination of winter to spring, depth 9cm, summer then plants grass between the plant of orchard, prevents soil loss；B. apply fertilizer Management：Bran liquid dung fertilizer 20kg/ strains, compoiste fertilizer 0.4kg/ strains are applied within 12 days before rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flowers and fruits development can be promoted；Thank 70% is spent to spend latter week Nei Shi composite fertilizers 0.25kg/ strains can fruit retention to thanking；Mid-July to early August applies soya-bean cake after being filled with enough water Or bran fertilizer 2.0kg/ strains, muck 12kg/ strains, calcium superphosphate 1.3kg/ strains, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.3kg/ strains can strengthen fruit；Fruit is swollen The big phase imposes muck 2 times, each 18kg/ strains, and with bran fertilizer 0.5kg mixing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.1kg earthing ditch spreads, can meet Fruit development and Bao Ye survive the winter；Per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.3kg, muck 25kg, bran fertilizer 2kg and lime 0.7kg after picking fruit；c. Promote flower technology：It is dilute after being mixed every 12 days with 15% paclobutrazol and the maize germ extract of equivalent during annual bud differentiation Release 350 times and spray blade back；D. flower and fruit protecting technology：Thank colored 70-80% to thank flower latter two week with 74% 920 every gram convert 50 kilograms of water and brassin 1400 are sprayed on fruitlet again；E. diseases prevention management：Carry out unified preventing and treating citrus to whole orchard every year Wood louse 3 times；F. tree crown epiphragma technology：By the end of November to epiphragma is started at the beginning of 12 months, epiphragma was completed before December 10, along row in the ranks A concrete column is found every 2.5m, concrete column height will be higher by 30cm at the top of tree crown, in the strip bamboo of intercolumniation frame one or draw a steel wire, will Membrane cover on frame, even fix, and makes film into inverted V-shaped by end pulling cord；Wherein, the preparation method of the maize germ extract For：It is to grind 30min, high speed refrigerated centrifuge in 77% methanol solution by the volumetric concentration that maize germ adds 6 times of weight 13min, supernatant is taken, produce the maize germ extract.

Applicant plants Citrus shatangju, production in hazard prevention Lipu county planting base using above-described embodiment implantation methods Amount and quality are as follows：

Yield:Stable yield, in the case of major natural disasters are occurred without, 4 age trees abound with phase per mu yield 2400-2600kg, Compared with traditional cultivation method, yield increase 150-250kg/ mus.

Quality：Ripening fruits is of moderate size, the full light of fruit body, and soluble solid content is high, and flavor is dense, and sugariness is high (sugariness is up to 15 degree), the more sluggings of juice, the every chemical pesticide residual quantity detected in fruit is less than the residual quantity of tradition plantation, symbol National standard is closed, reaches non-polluted planting requirement.

Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously Therefore limitation of the scope of the invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection model of the present invention Enclose.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

A kind of 1. implantation methods of mountain region citrus, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

(1) selection of land is planted：Select soil layer is deep, level of ground water is relatively low, it is loose, rich in organic matter, refreshing water, can irrigation and drainage, on the sunny side, soil Plant in the plot that earth pH is 5.5-6.5；Wide 0.8 × 0.8-1.0 × 1.0 meter, the hole of deep 0.6-0.9 rice, by corruption are first dug during plantation Ripe organic excrement material is inserted in hole, depth of packing 20-30cm, then is to citrus bacterin root, the dosage of mulch agent with mulch agent 100-300g/ strains, the mulch agent are 100-200 by weight ratio:1:5 fresh yellow soil, root-inducing powder and plant extraction liquid mixes System forms, and is immediately placed in hole and plants after slurry root knot beam, planting density is 60-80 plants/acre, root water is poured after plantation, and protect Hold ground moistening；

(2) earsh manages：Earsh refers to the citrus trees in this period to before yielding positive results after planting；Earsh management includes Following technology：A. apply fertilizer：0.3-0.5% urea and bran liquid dung are applied in leaching before each young sprout rudiment；Young sprout applies 0.5-0.8% from after cutting Composite fertilizer and bran liquid dung, dose be composite fertilizer 1-2 jin/strain, bran liquid dung 0.8-2 jin/strain；B. it is short to cut and dredge the tip：Each tip Stay 6-7 piece leaves are short to cut when aging, promote lower batch of young sprout to sprout to expand tree crown；Overstocked excessively weak branch is dredged after putting the tip every time Remove, leave medium young sprout 3-4 of growing way, so circulation until autumn growth is more than 100；C. flower thinning fruit：Plant the 11-12 months then Part, foliage-spray 920 and 0.4-0.6% urea, 920 every gram be watered 30 jin, and instant nitrogenousfertilizer 0.5-1 is increased in spring Jin/strain, to reach flower thinning fruit, promote to take out the purpose of the tip；D. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：It is with weight proportion during each young sprout phase long 2-3cm 7-10:6:Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after 1000-1500 times of 0.8 insecticide, Dipel powder and gelatin mixed diluting, can be prevented and treated Insect occurs；The disease high-incidence season is 5-10 with weight proportion:7:0.5:0.1 bactericide, cordate houttuynia decoction liquor, mineral oil and chlorine Spraying preventing and treating is carried out after changing 1000-1500 times of calcium solution mixed diluting；Yellow twig plant will first be sprayed and chopped at a tree afterwards；E. careless set is stayed Kind：Intercrop green manure or grass planting is stayed on earsh trade, and the height of green manure or grass is controlled in below 30cm；

(3) bearing-age tree management：Including following technology：A. orchard soil management：Annual winter or early spring are from tree crown periphery drip The long 1-1.5m of opens outward, wide 30-40cm, deep 40-60cm ditch are played, organic manure 10-20kg/ strains, bran cake fertilizer are applied into ditch 1-1.5kg/ strains, composite fertilizer's 0.3-0.6kg/ strains and phosphate fertilizer 1-1.5kg/ strains, and year by year to external expansion, with improved soil granule knot Structure, strengthen fertility；Intertilled before the germination of autumn and winter to spring, depth 5-10cm, summer then plants grass between the plant of orchard, prevents Only soil losses；B. fertilizing management：Apply within 10-15 days before rudiment bran liquid dung fertilizer 10-30kg/ strains, compoiste fertilizer 0.3-0.5kg/ Strain, Spring-shoot growth and flowers and fruits development can be promoted；Thank and spend 70% to spend latter week Nei Shi composite fertilizers 0.2-0.3kg/ strains can fruit retention to thanking； Mid-July to early August applies soya-bean cake or bran fertilizer 1.5-3.0kg/ strains, muck 10-15kg/ strains, calcium superphosphate 1- after being filled with enough water 1.5kg/ strains, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.15-0.4kg/ strains can strengthen fruit；Fruit expanding period imposes muck 2 times, each 15-20kg/ Strain, and with bran fertilizer 0.5kg mixing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.1kg earthing ditch spreads, can meet that fruit development and Bao Ye survive the winter；Fruit is adopted Per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.2-0.5kg, muck 20-30kg, bran fertilizer 1-3kg and lime 0.5-1.0kg after plucking；C. flower technology is promoted：Often During year bud differentiation, 300-400 is diluted after being mixed every 10-15 days with 15% paclobutrazol and the maize germ extract of equivalent Blade back is sprayed again；D. flower and fruit protecting technology：Thank colored 70-80% to thank flower latter two week with 70-75% 920 every gram be watered 40-60 kilograms sprays on fruitlet with 1000-1500 times of brassin；E. diseases prevention management：Whole orchard is carried out every year unified anti- Control diaphorina citri 2-3 times；F. tree crown epiphragma technology：By the end of November to epiphragma is started at the beginning of 12 months, epiphragma was completed before December 10, along row Found a concrete column every 2-3m in the ranks, concrete column height will be higher by 20-40cm at the top of tree crown, in the strip bamboo of intercolumniation frame one or A steel wire is drawn, by membrane cover on frame, even end pulling cord is fixed, and makes film into inverted V-shaped.
A kind of 2. implantation methods of mountain region citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the plant carries The preparation method for taking liquid is：Count in parts by weight, by golden cypress leaf 7-9 parts, Chinese aloe leaf 10-19 parts, Siberian cocklebur cauline leaf 3-7 parts and spend pool Blue leaf 10-14 parts crush, and refluxing extraction 1-3h in the ethanol for the 90-95% for adding 10-20 volumes times, repeat extraction 2-3 times, close And extract solution, and the 1/4 of original volume is concentrated into, produce.
A kind of 3. implantation methods of mountain region citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the insecticide For one kind in carbosulfan, good winter in year or mite killing difficult to understand.
A kind of 4. implantation methods of mountain region citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the bactericide For one kind in prochloraz, how clever bacterium or Mancozeb.
A kind of 5. implantation methods of mountain region citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the calcium chloride The concentration of solution is 2-4%.
A kind of 6. implantation methods of mountain region citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), the maize The preparation method of bud extract is：It is to be ground in 70-80% methanol solutions by the volumetric concentration that maize germ adds 5-7 times of weight 20-40min, high speed refrigerated centrifuge 10-15min, takes supernatant, produces the maize germ extract.