CN107371939B - Planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371939B CN107371939B CN201710443122.1A CN201710443122A CN107371939B CN 107371939 B CN107371939 B CN 107371939B CN 201710443122 A CN201710443122 A CN 201710443122A CN 107371939 B CN107371939 B CN 107371939B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for improving the yield of kiwi fruits, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, wherein the planting method comprises a land parcel treatment stage, a sowing stage and a field management stage; the fertilizer disclosed by the invention can not only enable plants to achieve the effects of high yield and high quality by combining the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, but also protect the soil, has the characteristics of nature, health, greenness, safety, no toxic or side effect and the like, and enables the planted kiwi fruits to have high survival rate and high growth quality by reasonably matching the fertilizer, a fertilizing mode and other planting methods, and in addition, the fruit yield of the kiwi fruits is increased due to reasonable fertilization.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a planting method for improving the yield of kiwi fruits.
[ background of the invention ]
Kiwi fruit is also called Chinese Kiwi fruit because it is produced in China, also called as wild Kiwi fruit. The fruits are oval, are brownish black and have faint scent when being cooked. The kiwi fruit contains multiple vitamins, fat, protein, amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, pectin and the like, wherein the content of vitamin C is very high, and every 100 g of kiwi fruit contains 400-430 mg of vitamin C. The kiwi fruit is sweet and sour in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid, relieving fever, regulating middle warmer, descending qi, quenching thirst, promoting urination, nourishing and strengthening body. It contains hydrolase of thiol protease and superoxide dismutase, and has skin caring, immunity improving, anticancer, antiaging, blood vessel softening, and anti-inflammatory effects. The yangtao contains serotonin which has the functions of stabilizing emotion and calming mood; natural inositol is contained to contribute to brain activity; the dietary fiber can reduce cholesterol and promote heart health; actinidine and various proteases have effects of promoting appetite, invigorating spleen, promoting digestion, and preventing constipation. In addition, fructus Actinidiae chinensis has effects of blackening hair, caring skin, and caring skin. The kiwi fruit is suitable for patients with gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease, icterohepatitis, arthritis and urethral calculus; is suitable for people with inappetence and dyspepsia; is suitable for special workers in aviation, navigation, plateau, mine and the like and old and weak patients.
Because the kiwi fruits have rich nutritive value and have important functions of keeping health and preventing and treating diseases, the market demand of the kiwi fruits is very large; because the kiwi fruits are 'delicate-qi' plants and are limited by planting areas, insect pests, water and fertilizer and other factors, the yield of the kiwi fruits is seriously influenced, and the urgent needs of people on the kiwi fruits cannot be met.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a planting method for increasing the yield of kiwi fruits, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention can enable plants to achieve the effects of high yield and high quality by combining an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer, can protect soil, has the characteristics of nature, health, greenness, safety, no toxic or side effect and the like, and has the advantages of high survival rate and high growth quality of the planted kiwi fruits by reasonably matching the fertilizer, a fertilizing mode and other planting methods, and in addition, the fruit yield of the kiwi fruits is increased by reasonably fertilizing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
firstly, a land parcel processing stage:
land selection and land preparation: in a sub-high mountain area with the altitude of 600-1200 m, selecting a south slope land block which is thick in soil layer, has a sandy texture, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has a slope of less than 15 degrees, and before land leveling, scattering fertilizer on the land to be leveled and deeply ploughing the soil; ridging the deeply ploughed land blocks, leveling the land on the ridges, and then ploughing the soil on the compartment to be fine; adding a soil regulator 1-2 months before planting to regulate the pH value of the soil to 5.8-7.0, digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 1.5-2m after regulation, wherein the distance between the two planting holes is 2.5-3m, and reserving 1-1.5m of open land at the edge of a planting field;
secondly, a sowing stage:
a. seed collection: picking fresh fruits with large fruits and good quality, stacking until the fruits are softened, extruding seeds together with pulp, bagging, crushing, kneading, pressing to remove juice, placing into a basin, rinsing out impurities and shrivelled seeds, cleaning the washed seeds with clear water, and drying in the shade indoors;
b. seed treatment: irradiating the seeds in the sun for 3-4 hours, then soaking the seeds in saline water for 2-4 hours, wherein the saline water is obtained by mixing salt and water in a mass ratio of 1:300-400, taking out the seeds soaked with the saline water, soaking the seeds in distilled water for 3-5 hours, and then mixing the seeds and sand which are fished out according to a ratio of 1: 4-6, the water content of the sand is 15-25 percent; placing the mixed seeds and sand into a flowerpot or a wooden box, and then placing the flowerpot or the wooden box in an environment with the temperature of 13-15 ℃ for sand storage until the seeds are exposed in white in the next year to finish seed treatment; during sand storage, the sand is checked every other week or so, and when the sand is dry, water is timely added and the sand is turned over up and down to avoid drying up and wetting down;
c. sowing: applying 4000-5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu 10-12h before sowing, irrigating enough water, mixing the seeds obtained by the treatment in the step b with screened soil, and then sowing according to the row spacing of 15cm and the sowing width of 20cm, wherein the sowing amount is 1g/m2Performing drill sowing, covering with sieved nutrient soil with a covering thickness of 2-3mm, and covering with straw while keeping the humidity of the soil at 70-90%; the nutrient soil is prepared from soil, fermented straws and brown sugar according to the mass ratio of 3-6: 1-3: 1-3;
d. planting: planting the seedlings in the planting holes when the seedlings grow to have more than 3 true leaves, dispersing the root systems of the seedlings, filling fine soil in the planting holes, wherein the fine soil is obtained by frying the soil and sieving the fried soil with a 40-60-mesh sieve, and grafting when the diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.5 cm;
e. grafting: selecting wild kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 2 years as drill woods, selecting high-quality kiwi fruit branches with good fruit shape, large fruit size, long fruit stalks, large fruiting amount and strong disease and insect resistance as scions, and collecting strong branches on the scions as scions to be grafted on the drill woods for grafting; before grafting, coating a treatment solution on a cut of the drill and a scion plant to be grafted, soaking the scion plant to be grafted in the treatment solution for 6-8s, and then grafting;
thirdly, field management stage:
(1) fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer to the kiwi fruit seedlings after field planting in different periods, which specifically comprises the following steps: applying 40-55kg of compound fertilizer A to each mu in the bud germination period; applying 50-65kg of compound fertilizer B to each mu of fruits in the mature period; the mature period of the fruit is 30-45 days before the fruit is mature; the compound fertilizer A and the compound fertilizer B are both liquid fertilizers;
the compound fertilizer A is prepared by composting 30-50 parts by weight of human and animal excreta, 16-24 parts by weight of urea, 8-12 parts by weight of boric acid, 1-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts by weight of wheat straw, 5-8 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphylla and 10-20 parts by weight of vinegar tank for 10-15 days under the conditions of 30-40 ℃ of temperature and 60-70% of humidity, then adding 30-45 parts by weight of water for continuous composting for 3-4 days, and removing residues and leaving liquid;
(2) and (3) pest control: spraying sterilizing liquid to the rootstalk and leaf of the kiwi fruit plant every 3-6 days from the planting day, and spraying insecticide when the ulcer is found.
In the invention, further, the treatment fluid in the step e is a mixed solution prepared by compounding the following raw materials in a certain mass ratio, namely compound sodium nitrophenolate: indole butyric acid: naphthalene acetic acid: agar: sucrose: copper sulfate: strigolactone: 0.2-0.5:0.25-0.3: 0.32-0.36: 0.22-0.41: 0.51-0.64: 0.12-0.23:0.13-0.29:3000.
In the invention, further, the compound fertilizer B in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of flavonoid fertilizer, 6-12 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12-23 parts of farmyard manure, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12-16 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry, 20-30 parts of sugar alcohol chelated liquid fertilizer and 4.6-4.9 parts of diammonium phosphate.
In the invention, further, the fertilization manner in the step (1) is transfusion fertilization, which specifically comprises the following steps: filling the prepared fertilizer into an infusion bottle, inserting 1 needle head A connected with two rubber tubes with different lengths into a cover, using the short rubber tube to intake air, connecting one end of the long rubber tube with the infusion bottle through the needle head A, connecting the other end of the long rubber tube with a needle head B communicated with a tree body, punching 1 hole in the position 15-22cm away from the ground of a trunk of a fruit tree by using a nail, enabling the hole to reach the xylem, then hanging the bottle, inserting the needle head B into the hole, and sealing the hole by using white wax after the liquid seeps out.
In the invention, further, the sterilization liquid in the step (2) is prepared from camellia juice, polygonum hydropiper juice, rheum officinale juice, andrographis paniculata juice, zingiber officinale juice and water according to the mass ratio of (1-2.5): (2-3.5): (1.5-2.5): (3-4): (2-3.5): (2-5): (30-55); the spraying amount of the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 150-200kg per mu each time.
Wherein the camellia juice is obtained by mixing camellia and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3, putting the mixture into a pot, decocting the mixture for 10 to 20 minutes, and removing slag to obtain a liquid; the preparation method of herba Polygoni Hydropiperis juice, radix et rhizoma Rhei juice, and herba Andrographitis juice is the same as that of flos Camelliae Japonicae juice; the rhizoma Kaempferiae juice is prepared by mixing rhizoma Kaempferiae and water at a mass ratio of 1:2, mashing, filtering, and collecting the filtrate.
In the invention, further, the pesticide in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of herba Euphorbiae Lunulatae, 5-10 parts of garlic, 2-6 parts of herba Scutellariae Barbatae, 1-3 parts of herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, 1-5 parts of herba Sophorae Alopecuroidis, 2-7 parts of folium Pini, 1-5 parts of semen Ricini, 2-4 parts of herba Polygalae Japonicae, 1-5 parts of radix Pulsatillae, 3-8 parts of furnace soil and 3-8 parts of exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus.
In the present invention, further, the insecticide is obtained by the following method:
pulverizing, mixing all the raw materials and pulverizing;
soaking, namely adding the crushed raw materials into a solvent to soak to obtain a soaking mixture, wherein the soaking time is 15-40 hours, the solvent is a propanol aqueous solution, the mass ratio of the raw materials to the solvent is 1:15-45, and the mass ratio of the water to the propanol in the solvent is 0.5-4: 1;
extraction, namely performing ultrasonic extraction on the soaking mixture obtained in the step II at the temperature of between 60 and 75 ℃ for 40 to 70min to obtain an extracting solution;
fourthly, the preparation is prepared by preparing the extracting solution into aqua, powder or granules.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the planting method for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits, the planting land is pretreated before field planting of seedlings, and fertilizer can be saved by digging and fixing planting holes and applying and burying fertilizer; the seeds are stored in sand, so that the germination rate is improved, and higher activity and germination capacity can be maintained for a long time; the nutrient soil for burying the seedlings during sowing is a mixture of soil, fermented straws and brown sugar, beneficial microorganisms are added, the seedlings can be protected, and the healthy growth of the seedlings can be promoted; before grafting, the treatment solution is coated on a cut of a drillwood, wherein the compound sodium nitrophenolate can quickly permeate into a plant body after contacting the plant body, the protoplasm flow of cells is promoted, the cell activity is improved, the indolebutyric acid can promote the cell division and the cell growth to induce the formation of adventitious roots, the naphthylacetic acid can regulate and control the differentiation, the fertility and the seed germination of vascular tissues of the plant, the strigolactone can reduce the transportation effect of auxin so as to reduce the occurrence of branching, increase the utilization rate of the auxin and enhance the effect, and the compound sodium nitrophenolate is combined with a growth regulator and can quickly permeate into the plant body after contacting the plant body, so that the protoplasm flow of the cells is promoted, the cell activity is improved, a factor driving osmotic pressure difference can quickly permeate into the plant body, and after the treatment solution is used for treating, the cut germination can be promoted and the growth speed of grafted seedlings is accelerated.
2. The planting method for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits adopts a liquid infusion method to fertilize in the field management stage, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, the fertilizer efficiency is durable, the fertilizer cost is reduced, diseases are prevented and treated through the sterilizing liquid in pest control, pests are treated through the pesticide, and the sterilizing liquid and the pesticide both consist of plant components, are green and safe, have no influence on the properties of the kiwi fruits, and do not pollute the environment and the soil.
The fertilizer disclosed by the invention can not only enable plants to achieve the effects of high yield and high quality by combining the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, but also protect the soil, has the characteristics of nature, health, greenness, safety, no toxic or side effect and the like, and enables the planted kiwi fruits to have high survival rate and high growth quality by reasonably matching the fertilizer, a fertilizing mode and other planting methods, and in addition, the fruit yield of the kiwi fruits is increased due to reasonable fertilization.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a land parcel processing stage:
land selection and land preparation: in a subhigh mountain area with the altitude of 600 meters, selecting a south slope land block which is thick in soil layer, has a sandy texture, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has a slope of less than 15 degrees, and before land leveling, scattering fertilizer on the land to be leveled and deeply ploughing the soil; ridging the deeply ploughed land blocks, leveling the land on the ridges, and then ploughing the soil on the compartment to be fine; adding a soil regulator 1 month before planting to adjust the pH value of the soil to 5.8, digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 1.5m after the adjustment is finished, wherein the distance between the two planting holes is 2.5m, and reserving 1m of open land at the edge of a planting field;
secondly, a sowing stage:
a. seed collection: picking fresh fruits with large fruits and good quality, stacking until the fruits are softened, extruding seeds together with pulp, bagging, crushing, kneading, pressing to remove juice, placing into a basin, rinsing out impurities and shrivelled seeds, cleaning the washed seeds with clear water, and drying in the shade indoors;
b. seed treatment: irradiating the seeds in the sun for 3 hours, then soaking the seeds in saline water for 2 hours, wherein the saline water is obtained by mixing salt and water in a mass ratio of 1:300, taking out the seeds soaked in the saline water, soaking the seeds in distilled water for 3 hours, and then mixing the seeds and sand which are fished out according to a ratio of 1:4, the water content of the sand is 15 percent; placing the mixed seeds and sand into a flowerpot or a wooden box, and then placing the flowerpot or the wooden box in an environment with the temperature of 13 ℃ for sand storage until the seeds are exposed in white in the next year to finish seed treatment; during sand storage, the sand is checked every other week or so, and when the sand is dry, water is timely added and the sand is turned over up and down to avoid drying up and wetting down;
c. sowing: applying 4000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu 10 hours before sowing, irrigating enough water, mixing the seeds obtained by the treatment in the step b with screened soil, and then sowing the seeds according to the row spacing of 15cm and the sowing width of 20cm, wherein the sowing amount is 1g/m2Performing drill sowing, covering with sieved nutrient soil with a covering thickness of 2mm, and covering with straw, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 70%; the nutrient soil is prepared from soil, fermented straws and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 3: 1:1 in proportion;
d. planting: when the seedlings grow to have more than 3 true leaves, planting the seedlings in the planting holes, dispersing the root systems of the seedlings, filling fine soil in the planting holes, wherein the fine soil is obtained by frying the soil and then sieving the fried soil with a 40-mesh sieve, and when the diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.5cm, grafting can be carried out;
e. grafting: selecting wild kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 2 years as drill woods, selecting high-quality kiwi fruit branches with good fruit shape, large fruit size, long fruit stalks, large fruiting amount and strong disease and insect resistance as scions, and collecting strong branches on the scions as scions to be grafted on the drill woods for grafting; before grafting, coating treatment liquid on a cut of the drill and a scion plant to be grafted, soaking the scion plant to be grafted in the treatment liquid for 6s, and then grafting; the treatment fluid is a mixed solution compounded by the following raw materials according to a certain mass ratio, and is compound sodium nitrophenolate: indole butyric acid: naphthalene acetic acid: agar: sucrose: copper sulfate: strigolactone: water 0.2:0.25: 0.32: 0.22: 0.51: 0.12:0.13: 3000;
thirdly, field management stage:
(1) fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer to the kiwi fruit seedlings after field planting in different periods, which specifically comprises the following steps: applying 40kg of compound fertilizer A to each mu in the bud germination period; 5kg of compound fertilizer B is applied to each mu of the fruit in the mature period; wherein the mature period of the fruit is 30 days before the fruit is mature; the compound fertilizer A and the compound fertilizer B are both liquid fertilizers; the compound fertilizer A is prepared by composting 30 weight parts of human and animal excreta, 16 weight parts of urea, 8 weight parts of boric acid, 1 weight part of calcium superphosphate, 5 weight parts of wheat straw, 5 weight parts of gynostemma pentaphylla and 10 weight parts of vinegar tank for 10 days under the conditions of 30 ℃ of temperature and 60% of humidity, then adding 30 weight parts of water to continue composting for 3 days, and removing slag and leaving liquid; the compound fertilizer B is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of flavonoid fertilizer, 6 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of biogas slurry, 20 parts of sugar alcohol chelated liquid fertilizer and 4.6 parts of diammonium phosphate; the transfusion method fertilization is as follows: filling the prepared fertilizer into an infusion bottle, inserting 1 needle head A connected with two rubber tubes with different lengths into a cover, wherein the short rubber tube is used for air inlet, one end of the long rubber tube is connected with the infusion bottle through the needle head A, the other end of the long rubber tube is connected with a needle head B communicated with a tree body, punching 1 hole at a position 15cm away from the ground of a trunk of a fruit tree by using a nail, the hole reaches the xylem, then hanging the bottle, inserting the needle head B into the hole, and sealing the hole by using white wax after liquid seeps out;
(2) the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying sterilization liquid to roots and leaves of kiwi plants every 3 days from a planting day, and spraying insecticide when ulcer diseases are found, wherein the sterilization liquid is prepared from camellia juice, red-knees herb juice, rheum officinale juice, andrographis paniculata juice, sand ginger juice and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 1.5: 3: 2: 2: 30, the spraying amount of the sterilization liquid is 150kg per mu, the insecticide is prepared from the following ②, by weight, 1 part of ternate buttercup herb, 5 parts of garlic, 2 parts of sculellaria barbata, 1 part of spreading hedyotis herb, 1 part of sophora alopecuroides, 2 parts of pine needles, 1 part of castor beans, 2 parts of polygala japonica, 1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root, 3 parts of kitchen range soil and 3 parts of walnut green husks, the insecticide is prepared by the steps of crushing the ②, soaking the step of crushing the crushed raw materials into the solvent for 15 hours, extracting the solvent, and soaking the raw material into the water solution, and soaking the granule preparation at the temperature of the extraction liquid is 0.5 min, and soaking the extraction liquid is prepared by the step of soaking step of the extraction liquid.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a land parcel processing stage:
land selection and land preparation: in a subhigh mountain area with the elevation of 900 meters, selecting a south slope land block which is thick in soil layer, has a sandy texture, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has a slope of less than 15 degrees, and before land leveling, scattering fertilizer on the land to be leveled and deeply ploughing the soil; ridging the deeply ploughed land blocks, leveling the land on the ridges, and then ploughing the soil on the compartment to be fine; adding a soil regulator 1 month before planting to adjust the pH value of the soil to 6.3, digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 1.7m after the adjustment is finished, wherein the distance between the two planting holes is 2.7m, and reserving 1.2m of open land at the edge of a planting land;
secondly, a sowing stage:
a. seed collection: picking fresh fruits with large fruits and good quality, stacking until the fruits are softened, extruding seeds together with pulp, bagging, crushing, kneading, pressing to remove juice, placing into a basin, rinsing out impurities and shrivelled seeds, cleaning the washed seeds with clear water, and drying in the shade indoors;
b. seed treatment: irradiating the seeds in the sun for 3 hours, then soaking the seeds in saline water for 3 hours, wherein the saline water is obtained by mixing salt and water in a mass ratio of 1:350, taking out the seeds soaked in the saline water, soaking the seeds in distilled water for 4 hours, and then mixing the seeds and sand which are fished out according to a ratio of 1: 5, the water content of the sand is 20 percent; placing the mixed seeds and sand into a flowerpot or a wooden box, and then placing the flowerpot or the wooden box in an environment with the temperature of 14 ℃ for sand storage until the seeds are exposed in white in the next year to finish seed treatment; during sand storage, the sand is checked every other week or so, and when the sand is dry, water is timely added and the sand is turned over up and down to avoid drying up and wetting down;
c. sowing: applying 4500 kg of farm manure per mu 11h before sowing, irrigating enough water, mixing the seeds obtained by the treatment in the step b with screened soil, and then sowing according to the row spacing of 15cm and the sowing width of 20cm, wherein the sowing amount is 1g/m2Performing drilling, covering with sieved nutrient soil with a covering thickness of 2mm, and covering with straw, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 80%; the nutrient soil is prepared from soil, fermented straws and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 4: 2: 3 in a certain proportion;
d. planting: when the seedlings grow to have more than 3 true leaves, planting the seedlings in the planting holes, dispersing the root systems of the seedlings, filling fine soil in the planting holes, wherein the fine soil is obtained by frying the soil and then sieving the fried soil with a 50-mesh sieve, and when the diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.5cm, grafting can be carried out;
e. grafting: selecting wild kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 2 years as drill woods, selecting high-quality kiwi fruit branches with good fruit shape, large fruit size, long fruit stalks, large fruiting amount and strong disease and insect resistance as scions, and collecting strong branches on the scions as scions to be grafted on the drill woods for grafting; before grafting, coating a treatment solution on a cut of the drill and a scion plant to be grafted, soaking the scion plant to be grafted in the treatment solution for 6-8s, and then grafting; the treatment fluid is a mixed solution compounded by the following raw materials according to a certain mass ratio, and is compound sodium nitrophenolate: indole butyric acid: naphthalene acetic acid: agar: sucrose: copper sulfate: strigolactone: water 0.35:0.27: 0.34: 0.31: 0.58: 0.18:0.21: 3000;
thirdly, field management stage:
(1) fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer to the kiwi fruit seedlings after field planting in different periods, which specifically comprises the following steps: applying 48kg of compound fertilizer A to each mu in the bud germination period; applying 58kg of compound fertilizer B to each mu of fruits in the mature period; wherein the mature period of the fruit is 38 days before the fruit is mature; the compound fertilizer A and the compound fertilizer B are both liquid fertilizers; the compound fertilizer A is prepared by composting 40 parts by weight of human and animal excreta, 19 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of boric acid, 3 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 7 parts by weight of wheat straw, 6 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphylla and 15 parts by weight of vinegar tank for 12 days under the conditions that the temperature is 35 ℃ and the humidity is 65%, then adding 38 parts by weight of water to continue composting for 3 days, and removing slag and leaving liquid; the compound fertilizer B is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of flavonoid fertilizer, 9 parts of polyaspartic acid, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 18 parts of farmyard manure, 12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 14 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of biogas slurry, 25 parts of sugar alcohol chelated liquid fertilizer and 4.7 parts of diammonium phosphate; the transfusion method fertilization is as follows: filling the prepared fertilizer into an infusion bottle, inserting 1 needle head A connected with two rubber tubes with different lengths into a cover, wherein the short rubber tube is used for air inlet, one end of the long rubber tube is connected with the infusion bottle through the needle head A, the other end of the long rubber tube is connected with a needle head B communicated with a tree body, punching 1 hole at a position 19cm away from the ground of a trunk of a fruit tree by using a nail, the hole reaches the xylem, then hanging the bottle, inserting the needle head B into the hole, and sealing the hole by using white wax after liquid seeps out;
(2) the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying sterilization liquid to roots and leaves of kiwi plants every 4 days from a planting day, and spraying insecticide when ulcer is found, wherein the sterilization liquid is prepared from camellia juice, polygonum hydropiper juice, rheum officinale juice, andrographis paniculata juice, sand ginger juice and water according to the mass ratio of 1.8: 2.8: 2.5: 2.8: 3: 43, the sterilization liquid is sprayed in an amount of 170kg per mu each time, the insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 3 parts of euphorbia lunulata, 7 parts of garlic, 4 parts of sculellaria barbata, 2 parts of oldenlandia diffusa, 3 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 4 parts of pine needles, 3 parts of castor beans, 3 parts of polygala japonica, 3 parts of pulsatilla chinensis, 6 parts of kitchen range soil and 6 parts of green tangerine peels, the insecticide is prepared by the steps of mixing and crushing the raw materials, soaking the step of crushing, the step of soaking the crushed raw materials in the solvent to obtain a propanol soaking mixture for 28 hours, the soaking time of the extracting step of the extraction liquid is 30.8, and the extraction step of soaking the aqueous solution is carried out, and the step of soaking the extraction of extracting the aqueous solution, wherein the extraction of the step of the aqueous solution is carried out the step of soaking and the step of soaking step.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a land parcel processing stage:
land selection and land preparation: in a sub-high mountain area with the elevation of 1200 m, selecting a south slope land block which is thick in soil layer, has a sandy texture, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has a slope of less than 15 degrees, and before land leveling, scattering fertilizer on the land to be leveled and deeply ploughing the soil; ridging the deeply ploughed land blocks, leveling the land on the ridges, and then ploughing the soil on the compartment to be fine; adding a soil regulator 2 months before planting to adjust the pH value of the soil to 7.0, digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 2m after adjustment, wherein the distance between the two planting holes is 3m, and reserving 1.5m of open land at the edge of a planting land;
secondly, a sowing stage:
a. seed collection: picking fresh fruits with large fruits and good quality, stacking until the fruits are softened, extruding seeds together with pulp, bagging, crushing, kneading, pressing to remove juice, placing into a basin, rinsing out impurities and shrivelled seeds, cleaning the washed seeds with clear water, and drying in the shade indoors;
b. seed treatment: irradiating the seeds for 4 hours in the sun, then soaking the seeds in saline water for 4 hours, wherein the saline water is obtained by mixing salt and water in a mass ratio of 1:400, taking out the seeds soaked in the saline water, soaking the seeds in distilled water for 5 hours, and then mixing the seeds and sand which are fished out according to a ratio of 1: 6, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the water content of the sand is 25 percent; placing the mixed seeds and sand into a flowerpot or a wooden box, and then placing the flowerpot or the wooden box in an environment with the temperature of 15 ℃ for sand storage until the seeds are exposed in white in the next year to finish seed treatment; during sand storage, the sand is checked every other week or so, and when the sand is dry, water is timely added and the sand is turned over up and down to avoid drying up and wetting down;
c. sowing: applying 5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu 12h before sowing, irrigating enough water, mixing the seeds obtained by the treatment in the step b with screened soil, and then sowing the seeds at a row spacing of 15cm and a sowing width of 20cm, wherein the sowing amount is 1g/m2Performing drill sowing, covering with sieved nutrient soil with a covering thickness of 3mm, and covering with straw to keep the humidity of the soil at 90%; the nutrient soil is prepared from soil, fermented straws and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 5: 3:3 in a certain proportion;
d. planting: when the seedlings grow to have more than 3 true leaves, planting the seedlings in the planting holes, dispersing the root systems of the seedlings, filling fine soil in the planting holes, wherein the fine soil is obtained by frying the soil and then sieving the fried soil with a 60-mesh sieve, and when the diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.5cm, grafting can be carried out;
e. grafting: selecting wild kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 2 years as drill woods, selecting high-quality kiwi fruit branches with good fruit shape, large fruit size, long fruit stalks, large fruiting amount and strong disease and insect resistance as scions, and collecting strong branches on the scions as scions to be grafted on the drill woods for grafting; before grafting, coating treatment liquid on a cut of the drill and a scion plant to be grafted, soaking the scion plant to be grafted in the treatment liquid for 8s, and then grafting; the treatment fluid is a mixed solution compounded by the following raw materials according to a certain mass ratio, and is compound sodium nitrophenolate: indole butyric acid: naphthalene acetic acid: agar: sucrose: copper sulfate: strigolactone: water 0.5:0.3: 0.36: 0.41: 0.64: 0.23:0.29: 3000;
thirdly, field management stage:
(1) fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer to the kiwi fruit seedlings after field planting in different periods, which specifically comprises the following steps: applying 55kg of compound fertilizer A to each mu in the bud germination period; applying 65kg of compound fertilizer B to each mu of the fruit in the mature period; wherein the mature period of the fruit is 45 days before the fruit is mature; the compound fertilizer A and the compound fertilizer B are both liquid fertilizers; the compound fertilizer A is prepared by composting 50 weight parts of human and animal excreta, 24 weight parts of urea, 12 weight parts of boric acid, 5 weight parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 weight parts of wheat straw, 8 weight parts of gynostemma pentaphylla and 10-20 weight parts of vinegar tank for 15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 40 ℃ and the humidity is 70%, then adding 45 weight parts of water to continue composting for 4 days, and removing slag and leaving liquid; the compound fertilizer B is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of flavonoid fertilizer, 12 parts of polyaspartic acid, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 23 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 16 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of sugar alcohol chelated liquid fertilizer and 4.9 parts of diammonium phosphate; the transfusion method fertilization is as follows: filling the prepared fertilizer into an infusion bottle, inserting 1 needle head A connected with two rubber tubes with different lengths into a cover, wherein the short rubber tube is used for air inlet, one end of the long rubber tube is connected with the infusion bottle through the needle head A, the other end of the long rubber tube is connected with a needle head B communicated with a tree body, punching 1 hole at a position 22cm away from the ground of a trunk of a fruit tree by using a nail, the hole reaches the xylem, then hanging the bottle, inserting the needle head B into the hole, and sealing the hole by using white wax after liquid seeps out;
(2) the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying sterilization liquid to roots and leaves of kiwi plants every 6 days from a planting day, and spraying insecticide when ulcer is found, wherein the sterilization liquid is prepared from camellia juice, polygonum hydropiper juice, rheum officinale juice, andrographis paniculata juice, sand ginger juice and water according to the mass ratio of 2.5: 3.5: 2.5: 4: 3.5: 5: 55, the sterilization liquid is sprayed in an amount of 200kg per mu, the insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of euphorbia lunulata, 10 parts of garlic, 6 parts of sculellaria barbata, 3 parts of oldenlandia diffusa, 5 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 7 parts of pine needles, 5 parts of castor beans, 4 parts of polygala japonica, 5 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8 parts of kitchen range soil and 8 parts of green tangerine peel, the insecticide is prepared by the steps of crushing the raw materials, soaking the step of the crushed raw materials in a solvent to obtain a soaking mixture, the propanol extraction mixture is carried out for 40 hours, and the extraction of the aqueous solution is prepared by soaking the step of 70-1-45 ℃ of the extraction of the aqueous solution.
Effect verification
To further illustrate the utility value of the planting method of the present invention, the results of comparing the planting of kiwifruit plants planted using the conventional planting methods of examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative example 1 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of planting quality of kiwi fruit
As can be seen from Table 1, the seedlings planted by the kiwi fruit planted by the conventional planting method have lower survival rate than those planted by the planting methods of examples 1-3 of the present invention, and the kiwi fruit planted by the planting method of the present invention has less morbidity than that planted by the comparative examples; in addition, no harmful components are found in the soil after the planting method is adopted, and the yield and the quality of the grass are higher than those of the grass planted by the conventional method. Therefore, experimental results show that the kiwi fruit planted by the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages of high survival rate of seedlings and low morbidity of plants, and can improve the quality of plants and products.
According to the invention, through reasonable matching of the fertilizer and the planting method, the planted kiwi fruit has high survival rate and high growth quality, in the growth process of kiwi fruit plants, the fertilizer is applied, meanwhile, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are combined, the plants grow healthily, the survival rate is high, and the insecticide liquid adopted for the prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests is composed of green and safe raw materials, so that the kiwi fruit plant disease and insect pest control agent can efficiently kill the insect pests, does not contain any harmful components, and is harmless to soil.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a land parcel processing stage:
land selection and land preparation: in a sub-high mountain area with the altitude of 600-1200 m, selecting a south slope land block which is thick in soil layer, has a sandy texture, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has a slope of less than 15 degrees, and before land leveling, scattering fertilizer on the land to be leveled and deeply ploughing the soil; ridging the deeply ploughed land blocks, leveling the land on the ridges, and then ploughing the soil on the compartment to be fine; adding a soil regulator 1-2 months before planting to regulate the pH value of the soil to 5.8-7.0, digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 1.5-2m after regulation, wherein the distance between the two planting holes is 2.5-3m, and reserving 1-1.5m of open land at the edge of a planting field;
secondly, a sowing stage:
a. seed collection: picking fresh fruits with large fruits and good quality, stacking until the fruits are softened, extruding seeds together with pulp, bagging, crushing, kneading, pressing to remove juice, placing into a basin, rinsing out impurities and shrivelled seeds, cleaning the washed seeds with clear water, and drying in the shade indoors;
b. seed treatment: irradiating the seeds in the sun for 3-4 hours, then soaking the seeds in saline water for 2-4 hours, wherein the saline water is obtained by mixing salt and water in a mass ratio of 1:300-400, taking out the seeds soaked with the saline water, soaking the seeds in distilled water for 3-5 hours, and then mixing the seeds and sand which are fished out according to a ratio of 1: 4-6, the water content of the sand is 15-25 percent; placing the mixed seeds and sand into a flowerpot or a wooden box, and then placing the flowerpot or the wooden box in an environment with the temperature of 13-15 ℃ for sand storage until the seeds are exposed in white in the next year to finish seed treatment;
c. sowing: applying 4000-5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu 10-12h before sowing, irrigating enough water, mixing the seeds obtained by the treatment in the step b with screened soil, and then sowing according to the row spacing of 15cm and the sowing width of 20cm, wherein the sowing amount is 1g/m2Performing drill sowing, covering with sieved nutrient soil with a covering thickness of 2-3mm, and covering with straw while keeping the humidity of the soil at 70-90%; the nutrient soil is prepared from soil, fermented straws and brown sugar according to the mass ratio of 3-6: 1-3: 1-3;
d. planting: planting the seedlings in the planting holes when the seedlings grow to have more than 3 true leaves, dispersing the root systems of the seedlings, filling fine soil in the planting holes, wherein the fine soil is obtained by frying the soil and sieving the fried soil with a 40-60-mesh sieve, and grafting when the diameter of the seedlings is more than 0.5 cm;
e. grafting: selecting wild kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 2 years as drill woods, selecting high-quality kiwi fruit branches with good fruit shape, large fruit size, long fruit stalks, large fruiting amount and strong disease and insect resistance as scions, and collecting strong branches on the scions as scions to be grafted on the drill woods for grafting; before grafting, coating a treatment solution on a cut of the drill and a scion plant to be grafted, soaking the scion plant to be grafted in the treatment solution for 6-8s, and then grafting; the treatment fluid is a mixed solution compounded by the following raw materials according to a certain mass ratio, namely compound sodium nitrophenolate: indole butyric acid: naphthalene acetic acid: agar: sucrose: copper sulfate: strigolactone: 0.2-0.5:0.25-0.3: 0.32-0.36: 0.22-0.41: 0.51-0.64: 0.12-0.23:0.13-0.29: 3000;
thirdly, field management stage:
(1) fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer to the kiwi fruit seedlings after field planting in different periods, which specifically comprises the following steps: applying 40-55kg of compound fertilizer A to each mu in the bud germination period; applying 50-65kg of compound fertilizer B to each mu of fruits in the mature period; the mature period of the fruit is 30-45 days before the fruit is mature; the compound fertilizer A and the compound fertilizer B are both liquid fertilizers;
the fertilization mode is transfusion fertilization, and specifically comprises the following steps: filling the prepared fertilizer into an infusion bottle, inserting 1 needle head A connected with two rubber tubes with different lengths into a cover, wherein the short rubber tube is used for air inlet, one end of the long rubber tube is connected with the infusion bottle through the needle head A, the other end of the long rubber tube is connected with a needle head B communicated with a tree body, punching 1 hole at a position 15-22cm away from the ground of a trunk of a fruit tree by using a nail, the hole reaches the xylem, then hanging the bottle, inserting the needle head B into the hole, and sealing the hole by using white wax after liquid seeps out;
the compound fertilizer A is prepared by composting 30-50 parts by weight of human and animal excreta, 16-24 parts by weight of urea, 8-12 parts by weight of boric acid, 1-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts by weight of wheat straw, 5-8 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphylla and 10-20 parts by weight of vinegar tank for 10-15 days under the conditions of 30-40 ℃ of temperature and 60-70% of humidity, then adding 30-45 parts by weight of water for continuous composting for 3-4 days, and removing residues and leaving liquid;
(2) and (3) pest control: spraying sterilizing liquid to the rootstalk and leaf of the kiwi fruit plant every 3-6 days from the planting day, and spraying insecticide when the ulcer is found.
2. The planting method for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer B in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of flavonoid fertilizer, 6-12 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12-23 parts of farmyard manure, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12-16 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry, 20-30 parts of sugar alcohol chelated liquid fertilizer and 4.6-4.9 parts of diammonium phosphate.
3. The planting method for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization liquid in the step (2) is prepared from camellia juice, polygonum hydropiper juice, rheum officinale juice, andrographis paniculata juice, sand ginger juice and water according to a mass ratio of (1-2.5): (2-3.5): (1.5-2.5): (3-4): (2-3.5): (2-5): (30-55); the spraying amount of the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 150-200kg per mu each time.
4. The planting method for improving the yield of the kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of herba Euphorbiae Lunulatae, 5-10 parts of garlic, 2-6 parts of herba Scutellariae Barbatae, 1-3 parts of herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, 1-5 parts of herba Sophorae Alopecuroidis, 2-7 parts of folium Pini, 1-5 parts of semen Ricini, 2-4 parts of herba Polygalae Japonicae, 1-5 parts of radix Pulsatillae, 3-8 parts of furnace soil and 3-8 parts of exocarpium Juglandis Immaturus.
5. The planting method for improving yield of kiwi fruits according to claim 4, wherein the pesticide is obtained by the following steps:
crushing: mixing and crushing the raw materials;
soaking: will be provided with
Soaking the crushed raw materials in a solvent for 15-40h to obtain a soaking mixture; wherein the solvent is a propanol aqueous solution, the mass ratio of the raw material to the solvent is 1:15-45, and the mass ratio of the water to the propanol in the solvent is 0.5-4: 1;
extraction: will be provided with
Ultrasonic leaching the obtained soaking mixture at 60-75 deg.C for 40-70min to obtain extractive solution;
preparation: making the extractive solution into aqua, powder or granule.
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| CN110352977B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-16 | 四川省兰月科技有限公司 | Pesticide composition containing forchlorfenuron, strigolactone and gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| CN112106585A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-22 | 湖南大匠农业科技有限公司 | Kiwi fruit yield-increasing planting method |
| CN112136584A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Control method for stem swelling disease of kiwi fruit |
| CN113548928A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-26 | 雷丁懿 | Compound fertilizer for planting kiwi fruits |
| CN115581164A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Pest control method for greenhouse-planted Chinese cabbage |
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| 猕猴桃栽培技术;无;《百度文库：https://wenku.baidu.com/view/81324f3b76c66137ee0619f0.html》;20131216;第1-4页 * |
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