CN107371529A - A kind of method of oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source - Google Patents
A kind of method of oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371529A CN107371529A CN201710733685.4A CN201710733685A CN107371529A CN 107371529 A CN107371529 A CN 107371529A CN 201710733685 A CN201710733685 A CN 201710733685A CN 107371529 A CN107371529 A CN 107371529A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source, this method eats broad bean and Hairy Vetch raw to realize decontrol nursery pollution of area source by being interplanted in the anniversary in oriental cherry nursery；I.e. by sowing broad bean in oriental cherry nursery, cultivating broad bean, harvest broad bean, turn over bean plant, sow Hairy Vetch, turn over Hairy Vetch and the step such as oriental cherry nursery bed management; there is the property of fixed nitrogen using broad bean and Hairy Vetch; nitrogen content in soil can be increased, reduce the amount of nitrogen in nursery；It can increase soil organic matter content using broad bean and Hairy Vetch plant returning to the field, improve soil physical chemistry property；Using broad bean and Hairy Vetch plant pair rainfall interception, infiltrate, keep and utility, reduce nursery soil erosion；This method contrast Routine Management can reduce nursery chemistry nitrogen quantity 40%; nursery income is added, soil with organic matter is got a promotion, soil losses and the transportable nutrient of nitrogen are effectively controlled; reduce pollution of area source, oriental cherry nursery is obtained sustainable and healthy development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant anniversary to interplant in the cultural method of nursery decontrol nursery pollution of area source, more particularly to one
The cultural method of broad bean and Hairy Vetch decontrol pollution of area source is eaten in kind anniversary interplanting in oriental cherry nursery raw.
Background technology
At present, nursery planting is part important in agricultural planting, and the fast development of Nursery industry causes nursery face
Source disposal of pollutants, pollution of area source form and feature are there occurs new change, it is necessary to have suitable production technology and contamination control skill
Art is instructed it, with reduction and Control the Plan Pollution Sources.Oriental cherry scientific name:CerasusSsp. it is rose family cherry category several plant
General designation,《Chinese Plants will》" Tokyo oriental cherry " is referred exclusively in the title newly revised, also known as " someiyoshine ".Oriental cherry every 3 to 5
Piece, into corymb, petal tip is incised, and pattern is mostly white, pink.Spend often March with being bloomed after Ye Tongfang or leaf, with
Seasonal variations, oriental cherry pattern is gorgeous, is important ornamental plants in garden, oriental cherry cultivation is in modern nursery planting in occupation of important
Status.Because extensive market is thus very urgent to the scale of oriental cherry production, Base environment, intensive cultivating.But because of cherry
Flower tree crown is big, flower amount it is big, it is necessary to fertilizer amount it is relatively more, and space is big between flowering cherry, and earth's surface bare area is larger, current
The loss of water-rich soil is easily caused under extensive way to manage, soil organic matter content reduces the problems such as fertility declines, so as to increase
Add pollution of area source risk.For with making full use of the space among the oriental cherry woods, the pollution of area source reduced in the low level management of nursery is asked
Topic, spy propose a kind of pollution of area source preventing control method in oriental cherry nursery.Up to the present, not yet this new cultural method report.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind, broad bean is eaten in anniversary interplanting raw in oriental cherry nursery and Hairy Vetch carrys out decontrol seedling
The cultural method of garden pollution of area source；It can be realized with this cultural method and reduce oriental cherry nursery applied nitrogen 40%, planting soil can be improved
Organic matter, improve physical arrangement, reduce nursery liquid manure be lost in.
Broad bean in the present invention（Vetch）, also known as broad bean, lima bean, Nan Dou, perpendicular beans, Buddhist beans, pulse family, Vetch one
Year sward sheet.For grain, vegetables and feed, green manure dual-purpose crop.
Hairy Vetch in the present invention（Pulse family）Year is raw or annual herb to get over, and is feed, and good green manure, covering are made
Thing and nectariferous plant.
The present invention eats broad bean raw in oriental cherry nursery using interplanting and Hairy Vetch come decontrol nursery pollution of area source pass through it is following
Step is realized：
（1）Sow broad bean：October in the first year, to oriental cherry nursery（Seedling age is more than 2 years）（It is spacing in the rows × OK that oriental cherry seed, which plants specification,
Away from for 2m × 2m）When carrying out autumn pruning, site preparation, it is fair to take advantage of soil moisture content, and broad bean, the cultivation of broad bean are uniformly sowed in oriental cherry nursery
Training specification be spacing in the rows × line-spacing for the cm of 10 cm × 10, opens cave and plants Broad Bean Seeds, the deep 5~10cm in cave, every one, cave Broad Bean Seeds,
The application rate of broad bean is every mu of 12~15kg, and Basic Seedling quantity is every mu of 8000~10000 seedlings, when sowing broad bean, oriental cherry plant
East and west sides or south and north flanks do not sow broad bean in soil along 25cm on the inside of tree crown drip, after planting backfill soil, do not have to
Fertilising, treats that it grows naturally, because illumination deficiency under tree crown, is not suitable for broad bean growth, is second unfavorable for the operations such as oriental cherry fertilising；
The soil moisture content is fair to refer to that soil moisture content is equal to or higher than 15%；
（2）Broad bean growth management：Between November, sowing broad bean start to emerge, can suitably carry out artificial weeding if any weeds, hereafter without
Must other management；
（3）Apply fertilizer for the first time in oriental cherry nursery：In the beginning of spring between 2 months next years, first time fertilising is carried out to nursery lot, routinely oriental cherry nursery
Dose is applied, and fertilizing method is in the position of the east and west sides or south and north flanks of oriental cherry plant along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip
Cave-applied fertilizer is opened, it is 4~8 caves to open cave quantity, the deep 25~35cm in cave, 15~25cm of diameter, fertilizer is applied in cave, backfills soil；
The amount of application is chemical fertilizer N, P2O5、K2Every mu of O amounts of application are respectively 5 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg；
（4）Broad bean harvests：Between March next year, the broad bean interplanted in nursery starts maturation successively, can carry out harvest in good time and eat silkworm raw
Beans；
（5）Bean plant turns over：In April next year, eat broad bean raw and harvested and finish, cut and cut bean plant, plant is cut into 10~
20cm is grown, and is directly put in cut and dries with cutting, and after plant to be planted section is dried, with reference to nursery site preparation, plant is turned in nursery soil；
（6）Sow Hairy Vetch：In April next year, with reference to bean plant and site preparation is turned over, Hairy Vetch seed is sowed in oriental cherry nursery,
Type of seeding is broadcasts sowing, and slightly earthing after scattering seeds, the application rate of Hairy Vetch is every mu of 1~1.5kg；
The sowing time one of Hairy Vetch is set to April, with reference to turn over bean plant residuum carry out, April sowing Hairy Vetch, Hairy Vetch in
May, germinating growth, just grew vigorous in rainy season set, and Hairy Vetch can reduce strike of the rainwater to nursery soil, to drop
Rain has retention, the performance infiltrated, keep and utilized.
（7）Hairy Vetch grows：May next year Hairy Vetch germinating growth, without other special managements；
（8）Second of the fertilising in oriental cherry nursery：Oriental cherry growth in June next year animated period, carries out second to nursery lot and applies fertilizer, in routine
Every mu of nitrogen application for reducing 6 kilograms on the basis of oriental cherry Researches of Fertilizer Application in Nursery Beds amount is applied, fertilizing method are the thing in oriental cherry plant
Cave-applied fertilizer is opened in the position of both sides or south and north flanks along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip, and it be 5~8 caves to open cave quantity, and cave depth 25~
35cm, 15~25cm of diameter, fertilizer is applied in cave, backfill soil；
The amount of application is chemical fertilizer N, K2Every mu of O amounts of application are respectively 4 kg, 10 kg；
（9）Cut to cut and turn over Hairy Vetch：In October next year, cut and cut Hairy Vetch plant, dry, autumn pruning is carried out with reference to oriental cherry nursery
Hairy Vetch is turned over during site preparation.
（10）Anniversary operates：Broad bean when turning over Hairy Vetch in oriental cherry nursery with reference to the second wheel, which is sowed, to be carried out, from step
（1）To step（9）Go round and begin again progress anniversary operation, while realizes decontrol pollution of area source.
（11）In addition to above-mentioned requirement, routinely traditional habit oriental cherry nursery is managed in the nursery of oriental cherry.
Advantage of the present invention and technique effect：
The face source dirt that the inventive method eats broad bean and Hairy Vetch raw come decontrol oriental cherry nursery using being interplanted in the anniversary in oriental cherry nursery
Dye, there is the property of fixed nitrogen using broad bean and Hairy Vetch, nitrogen content in soil can be increased, reduce the amount of nitrogen in oriental cherry nursery；Profit
It can increase the nursery soil content of organic matter with broad bean and Hairy Vetch plant returning to the field, improve soil physical chemistry property；Utilize broad bean
With Hairy Vetch plant pair rainfall interception, infiltrate, keep and utility, reduce nursery soil erosion；Nursery nitrogen quantity can be reduced
40%, reduce nursery nitrogen discharge, this method increase nursery income, organic matter in nursery soil is got a promotion, soil losses and
The transportable nutrient of nitrogen is effectively controlled, and reducing pollution of area source makes nursery obtain sustainable and healthy development, and this method is easily grasped
Make, there is wide popularizing application prospect.
Experimental result is shown：Under conditions of oriental cherry nursery stock normal growth is ensured, this method, which can obtain eating broad bean raw, to be averaged
The kg/ mus of yield 495, deduct seed costs and fertilizer cost, and every mu of contrast peasant household general planting pattern increases income 955 yuan.By 3
The experiment in year is implemented, and this method can improve the nursery soil content of organic matter, mitigates soil acidification, reduces nursery nitrogen discharge, peasant household
Ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and suspension in general planting pattern runoff water are lost in 47.37% more than this method runoff water,
21.63%, 15.98% and 51.85%.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in described
Hold.
Embodiment 1：Fertilizer used is in the present embodiment：
Nitrogenous fertilizer：From the common urea that total nitrogen content is 43%；
Phosphate fertilizer：From P2O5For 12% general calcium；
Potash fertilizer：From K2O is 50% potassium sulfate.
Test site and time：Yunnan Province Kunming great Ban Qiao towns Bao Xianghe nurseries, from September, 2012~2015 year September
The continuous experiment for carrying out 3 years；4 processing are done, each processing is respectively 1.5 mu.
The method that broad bean and Hairy Vetch decontrol nursery pollution of area source are eaten in anniversary interplanting raw in oriental cherry nursery（Processing 1）It is as follows：
（1）Sow broad bean：October in the first year, to oriental cherry nursery（Seedling age is more than 2 years）（It is spacing in the rows × OK that oriental cherry seed, which plants specification,
Away from for 2m × 2m）When carrying out autumn pruning, site preparation, it is fair to take advantage of soil moisture content（Soil moisture content >=15%）, it is uniform in oriental cherry nursery
Sow broad bean, the cultivation specification of broad bean be spacing in the rows × line-spacing for the cm of 10 cm × 10, opens cave and plants Broad Bean Seeds, cave 5~10cm of depth,
Per one, cave Broad Bean Seeds, the application rate of broad bean is every mu of 12~13kg, and Basic Seedling quantity is every mu of 8000~10000 seedlings, is broadcast
During kind broad bean, the east and west sides or south and north flanks of oriental cherry plant do not sow broad bean in soil along 25cm on the inside of tree crown drip, broadcast
Soil is backfilled after kind, without fertilising, treats that it grows naturally；
（2）Broad bean growth management：Between November, sowing broad bean start to emerge, can suitably carry out artificial weeding if any weeds, hereafter without
Must other management；
（3）Apply fertilizer for the first time in oriental cherry nursery：The beginning of spring between 2 months next years, to nursery lot carry out first time fertilising, amount of application be chemical fertilizer N,
P2O5、K2Every mu of O amounts of application are respectively 5 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, and fertilizing method is the east and west sides in oriental cherry plant or north and south two
Cave-applied fertilizer is opened in position of the side along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip, and it is 5~8 caves to open cave quantity, cave depth 30cm, diameter 20cm, by fertilizer
Material is applied in cave, backfills soil；
（4）Broad bean harvests：Between March next year, the broad bean interplanted in nursery starts maturation successively, can carry out harvest in good time and eat silkworm raw
Beans；
（5）Bean plant turns over：In April next year, eat broad bean raw and harvested and finish, cut and cut bean plant, plant is cut into 10~
15cm is grown, and is directly put in cut and dries with cutting, and after plant to be planted section is dried, with reference to nursery site preparation, plant is turned in nursery soil；
（6）Sow Hairy Vetch：In April next year, with reference to bean plant and site preparation is turned over, Hairy Vetch seed is sowed in oriental cherry nursery,
Type of seeding is broadcasts sowing, and slightly earthing after scattering seeds, the application rate of Hairy Vetch is every mu of 1~1.2kg；
（7）Hairy Vetch grows：May next year Hairy Vetch germinating growth, without other special managements；
（8）Second of the fertilising in oriental cherry nursery：Oriental cherry growth in June next year animated period, carries out second to nursery lot and applies fertilizer, in routine
Every mu of nitrogen application for reducing 6 kilograms on the basis of oriental cherry Researches of Fertilizer Application in Nursery Beds amount is applied, amount of application is chemical fertilizer N, K2Every mu of O amounts of application
Respectively 4 kg, 10 kg, fertilizing method are east and west sides or south and north flanks in oriental cherry plant along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip
Position open cave-applied fertilizer, it is 5~8 caves to open cave quantity, cave depth 30cm, diameter 20cm, and fertilizer is applied in cave, backfills soil；
（9）Cut to cut and turn over Hairy Vetch：In October next year, cut and cut Hairy Vetch plant, dry, autumn pruning is carried out with reference to oriental cherry nursery
Hairy Vetch is turned over during site preparation.
（10）In addition to above-mentioned requirement, routinely traditional habit oriental cherry nursery is managed in the nursery of oriental cherry.During experiment
Circulate operation above-mentioned steps, from step（1）To step（9）Go round and begin again progress anniversary operation, carries out 3 years altogether.
Processing 2（Control）, processing 3 with processing 4 except measure Bu Tong in table 1 in addition to, remaining measure is identical with handling 1, no longer goes to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married
State；3 years test effects of each treatment group refer to table 2, table 3 and table 4.
Carry out surveying production on the spot to eating yield of broad bean raw every year in the present embodiment；Take oriental cherry nursery each after every year first three heavy rain
Runoff water is measured in processing runoff ditch, and measure project is ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and suspension；Experiment in 3 years terminates
Take oriental cherry nursery respectively to handle 0~20cm and 20~50cm soil afterwards to be measured, measure project is organic matter, full nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis
Nitrogen and soil pH.
The assay method of runoff water ammonia nitrogen is Berthelot spectrophotometry；The assay method of nitrate nitrogen is Pbenoldisulfonic Acid
AAS；The assay method of total nitrogen is alkaline chitinase resolution ultraviolet spectrophotometry；The assay method of suspension is
Gravimetric method.The assay method of the soil organism is oil bath heating potassium dichromate oxidation volumetric method；The assay method of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
It is alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method；The measure of soil pH is determined by soil pH analyzer.
Each treatment group performance of table 1
；
Respectively processing forms this and economic benefit to table 2（Member/mu）
；
Each treatment group soil regime of table 3
；
Table 4 respectively handles runoff water pollutant average content
；
To interplanting eat raw broad bean survey production and seed fertilizer cost calculation result show：2013~2015, processing 1 was in 3 years
It is 495 kg/ mus to eat broad bean average product raw, and it is 472 kg/ mus that broad bean average product was eaten in processing 3, which raw in 3 years, the annual ratio of processing 1
It is respectively 990 yuan, 46 yuan and 990 yuan that every mu of processing 2, processing 3 and processing 4, which increase income and eat broad bean income raw, deducts seed costs
And fertilizer cost, every mu of processing 1 increase income 955 yuan, 36 yuan and 930 yuan than processing 2, processing 3 and processing 4 respectively.
Analysis measurement result to soil shows：Implement by the experiments of 3 years, either 0~20cm soil layer or 20
~50cm soil layers, handle 1 content of organic matter highest, and handle 2 content it is minimum, 0~20cm and 20~50cm soil layers have
12.33% and 2.24% is respectively increased than control treatment 2 in machine matter；Total nitrogen content is also that processing 1 is slightly higher；Handle the alkali of 2 two soil layers
Nitrogen content highest is solved, processing 3 is minimum；The soil acidification of processing 2 is better than other each processing.
Analysis measurement result to runoff water shows：In the experiments of 3 years are implemented, after heavy rain, the ammonia in 2 runoff waters is handled
Nitrogen content is most, is lost in ammonia nitrogen 47.37% than processing more than 1, processing 1 and 4 ammonia-nitrogen contents of processing are minimum；Nitrate nitrogen is also processing 2
Content is most in runoff water, and content is minimum in processing 4, handle 1 time it is few, handle 2 nitrate nitrogen and be lost in than processing more than 1
21.63%；For the total nitrogen content trend respectively handled with nitrate nitrogen content trend, the total nitrogen for handling 2 is lost in 15.98% than processing more than 1；
The suspension content of processing 1 is minimum, is secondly processing 4, and the suspension content of processing 2 is most, than processing more than 1 51.85%.
Conclusion：The economic well-being of workers and staff for interplanting the processing 1 for eating broad bean and Hairy Vetch raw is that highest is handled in all processing, single set
It is also preferable kind to eat the economic well-being of workers and staff of processing 3 of broad bean raw, deducts seed costs and fertilizer cost, every mu of processing 1 respectively than processing 2,
Processing 3 and processing 4 increase income 955 yuan, 36 yuan and 930 yuan.After experiment is implemented 3 years, 1 soil layer 0~20cm and 20~50cm is handled
Organic matter 12.33% and 2.24% is respectively increased than control treatment 2；And handle the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content highest of 2 two soil layers；Processing
2 soil acidifications are more than other each processing.After heavy rain, at the ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and suspension ratio in 2 runoff waters of processing
Reason 1 respectively more is lost in 47.37%, 21.63%, 15.98% and 51.85%.Therefore using after this method, nursery can not only be reduced
Pollution of area source, nursery net profit can also be increased.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. method of oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source, it is characterised in that:Eaten raw by being interplanted in the anniversary in oriental cherry nursery Broad bean and Hairy Vetch realize decontrol nursery pollution of area source.
- 2. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 1, it is characterised in that real by following steps It is existing：（1）Sow broad bean：In October in the first year, when carrying out autumn pruning to oriental cherry nursery, site preparation, it is fair to take advantage of soil moisture content, in cherry Broad bean is uniformly sowed in flower seedling garden, without fertilising, treats that it grows naturally；（2）Broad bean growth management：Between November, sowing broad bean starts to emerge, and artificial weeding is carried out if any weeds, hereafter without other Special management；（3）Apply fertilizer for the first time in oriental cherry nursery：In the beginning of spring between 2 months next years, first time fertilising is carried out to nursery lot, routinely oriental cherry nursery Dose is applied, and fertilizing method is in the position of the east and west sides or south and north flanks of oriental cherry plant along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip Cave-applied fertilizer is opened, it is 4~8 caves to open cave quantity, the deep 25~35cm in cave, 15~25cm of diameter, fertilizer is applied in cave, backfills soil；（4）Broad bean harvests：Between March next year, the broad bean interplanted in nursery starts maturation successively, carries out harvest in good time and eats broad bean raw；（5）Bean plant turns over：In April next year, eat broad bean raw and harvested and finish, cut and cut bean plant, plant is cut into 10~ 20cm is grown, and is directly put in cut and dries with cutting, and after plant to be planted section is dried, with reference to nursery site preparation, plant is turned in nursery soil；（6）Sow Hairy Vetch：In April next year, with reference to bean plant and site preparation is turned over, Hairy Vetch seed is sowed in oriental cherry nursery, Type of seeding is broadcasts sowing, slightly earthing after scattering seeds；（7）Hairy Vetch grows：May next year Hairy Vetch germinating growth, without other special managements；（8）Second of the fertilising in oriental cherry nursery：Oriental cherry growth in June next year animated period, carries out second to nursery lot and applies fertilizer, in routine Every mu of nitrogen application for reducing 6 kilograms on the basis of oriental cherry Researches of Fertilizer Application in Nursery Beds amount is applied, fertilizing method are the thing in oriental cherry plant Cave-applied fertilizer is opened in the position of both sides or south and north flanks along 20cm on the inside of tree crown drip, and it be 5~8 caves to open cave quantity, and cave depth 25~ 35cm, 15~25cm of diameter, fertilizer is applied in cave, backfill soil；（9）Cut to cut and turn over Hairy Vetch：In October next year, cut and cut Hairy Vetch plant, dry, autumn pruning is carried out with reference to oriental cherry nursery Hairy Vetch is turned over during site preparation, and carries out the second wheel broad bean sowing, repeats the above steps and goes round and begins again, realize decontrol face source Pollution.
- 3. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Oriental cherry seedling Oriental cherry seedling age in garden is more than 2 years.
- 4. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Middle broad bean Cultivation specification spacing in the rows × line-spacing be the cm of 10 cm × 10, open cave and plant Broad Bean Seeds, the deep 5~10cm in cave, per one, cave broad bean kind Son, after planting backfill soil.
- 5. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Broad bean Application rate is every mu of 12~15 kg, and Basic Seedling quantity is every mu of 8000~10000 seedlings.
- 6. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Sow silkworm During beans, the east and west sides or south and north flanks of oriental cherry plant do not sow broad bean in soil along 25cm on the inside of tree crown drip.
- 7. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Soil moisture content is fair to be Refer to soil moisture content and be equal to or higher than 15%.
- 8. the method for oriental cherry nursery decontrol pollution of area source according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（6）Hairy Vetch Application rate be every mu of 1~1.5 kg.
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| CN110178629A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-30 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of watershed chestnut wood composite construction method for building up for Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution |
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| CN108834775A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Interplanting Hairy Vetch and peppermint and the method for carrying out liquid manure circulation decontrol vineyard pollution of area source |
| CN110178629A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-30 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of watershed chestnut wood composite construction method for building up for Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution |
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| CN107371529B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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