CN107197662A - A kind of production method of Wheatgrass seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of plant seeds of the genus Agropyron. The method comprises the following steps: selecting soil suitable for the growth of plants of the genus Agropyrus, applying farmyard manure after loosening the soil, and then suppressing; spring sowing is carried out in early April every year; 3) in the year of sowing, respectively at the seedling stage, Irrigate during the booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage; in the next year after planting, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied within 14 days after the plants of Agropyrus turn green, and 1-3 days before irrigation, and then in the post-fruit vegetative stage. Nitrogen fertilizer: Spray paclobutrazol on the leaf surface of the plants of the Agrogenus genus 10-15 days after the greening period of the plants of the Agrogenus genus; seeds can be harvested on the 30th to 40 days after the plants of the Agrogenus genus enter the blooming period. In the present invention, by controlling the spring sowing time, row spacing, sowing depth, irrigation period, irrigation amount, fertilizer application and spraying of plant growth regulators, the maturation period of the seeds of Agropyron genus is relatively concentrated, that is, the seeds can be uniformly matured, Furthermore, collective harvesting of seeds can be performed.

Description

A kind of production method of wheat grass seed

technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing plant seeds, in particular to a method for producing plant seeds of the genus Agropyron.

Background technique

The arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest my country, especially the agro-pastoral ecotone distributed between vast grasslands and agricultural areas, have a vast area and play an important role in ecological security and social and economic development. In recent years, in order to restore the ecology, to speed up the conversion of farmland to forest and the prohibition of grazing to grassland, based on the grass industry, the development strategy of grassland and animal husbandry in Northwest China is one of the main goals of the development of Northwest China. The construction and utilization of artificial grassland is the symbol of modern animal husbandry, and the development of modern animal husbandry must fundamentally solve the production and utilization of high-quality forage grass. Therefore, it is an important strategic measure to vigorously develop high-quality artificial grassland in the arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China and change the production mode that depends on the weather. At present, my country has been in a relatively backward state in the breeding and breeding of improved varieties in the grass seed industry. Most of the grass varieties used for the establishment of artificial grasslands are imported grass species, but imported grass species often have problems of poor adaptability, and the requirements for cultivation and planting conditions High, large initial investment and many other problems. Focusing on the ecological management of grasslands in arid and semi-arid areas in Northwest China, the restoration of degraded grassland vegetation, and the establishment of artificial grasslands, vigorously excavate excellent local pasture resources, and breed and multiply drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and grazing-tolerant pasture varieties. key to industry development. Plants of the genus Agropyron are native to cold and arid regions, and are distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and Qinghai. It is a typical xerophyte. It likes dry and cold climates and can grow in semi-desert areas. It is often used for the establishment of roadside lawns in cold, semi-humid and semi-arid areas. In places without irrigation conditions, it is also used for the establishment of lawns. Most of the natural wheatgrass forages are forages with high feeding value. In some areas, wild species have been planted and cultivated, which is of great economic significance for the further development and utilization of natural grasslands and the establishment of artificial grasslands. However, the low seed yield, inconsistency of seed maturation and strong shattering of natural forage grass greatly limit the utilization of this genus in the production of artificial pasture establishment and restoration of degraded grassland. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an enhanced wheatgrass The invention relates to a plant forage seed breeding production method, a seed production method for improving the production efficiency of wheatgrass seeds, improving the quality and germination rate of seeds, and improving the profitability of the industry.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production method of wheatgrass plant seed, by the production method of the present invention, the maturation stage of wheatgrass plant is more concentrated, therefore can carry out uniform harvest to seed, and the yield of the produced seed is high, High germination rate.

The production method of wheatgrass plant seed provided by the present invention, comprises the steps:

1) Select the soil suitable for the growth of Agropyron genus, apply farmyard manure after loosening the soil, and then suppress;

2) Spring sowing is carried out in the first ten days of April every year, including the following steps: adopt the method of drill sowing, the depth of sowing is 2.5-4cm, the sowing rate is 16-28kg/ha, and one-time application of base fertilizer before sowing;

Select seeds of plants of the genus Agrogenus with a clarity of not less than 90% and a germination rate of not less than 85% for sowing;

3) In the year of sowing, watering is carried out at the seedling stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage of Agropyresis plants respectively, so that the soil moisture content is maintained at 60% to 80% of the field water holding capacity;

4) In the next year of sowing, nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 10 to 14 days after the plants of the Agrogenus genus turn green, and 1 to 2 days before the water turns green after irrigation, and then nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the post-fruit vegetative period;

5) 10 to 15 days after the greening period of the plants of the genus Wingwort, spraying paclobutrazol on the leaves of the plants of the genus Wingwort;

6) Carry out artificial assisted pollination to plants of the genus Agrogenus in the afternoon during the full bloom period of the plants of the genus Wingwort;

7) Seeds can be harvested on the 30th to 40th day after the plant of Agropyron genus enters the full flowering stage.

In the above-mentioned production method, the plants of the genus Wingwort can be Wingwort mongolicum, Wingwort syringae, Wingwort spp. or Wingwort siberia;

The suitable climatic conditions for the plants of the genus Agropyron are: precipitation of 200mm-450mm; frost-free period ≥ 120 days; accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C greater than 1800°C; sufficient sunshine.

In the above production method, in step 1), the soil is sandy soil or sandy loam, and the pH value of the soil is 7.5-8.7;

When selecting the soil, the following conditions can also be followed: flat terrain, open land suitable for mechanical operations, deep soil layer, well-drained soil, and medium-fertility soil;

After loosening the soil, it can eliminate the weed seedlings in the soil layer and remove the weed rhizomes;

The farmyard manure is manure, and the application rate of the farmyard manure is 15-25 tons/ha.

In the above-mentioned production method, in step 2), the first ten days of April generally refers to April 5th to April 10th;

The row spacing of the drill is 38cm;

The base fertilizer is an organic fertilizer, specifically Sacofer, and the application rate of the base fertilizer is 100-170kg/ha and 160kg/ha.

In the above-mentioned production method, in step 4), the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in 1 to 3 days before irrigation and green water is 60kg/ha, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the post-fruit vegetative period is 60kg/ha, and the nitrogen fertilizer is Pure nitrogen fertilizer.

From the third year, during the post-fruit vegetative period, one-time topdressing "Sakefu" 100-170 kg per hectare should be carried out as soon as possible after the seeds are harvested.

In the above-mentioned production method, in step 5), paclobutrazol is sprayed 1 to 2 times on the leaves of plants of the genus Agropyron;

The spraying amount of paclobutrazol can be 1.0kg～2.5kg/ha each time, and the interval between each time is 6～8 days;

The spraying step is carried out in the early morning or evening in fine weather with no wind or light wind, and the "breeze" refers to the wind force below level 2.

In the above-mentioned production method, in step 6), the artificial assisted pollination is carried out between 14:00 and 16:00;

Artificial assisted pollination was carried out by pulling a rope or a wire net over the top of the plants of the genus Agrophyllum, and carried out a total of 3 times every other day.

In the above production method, in step 7), the seeds are harvested when the mass water content is 35% to 45%, and after harvesting, they are milled and dried to reduce the water content of the seeds to 10% to 15%.

In the above-mentioned production method, the production method also includes the following steps: from the next year after sowing, irrigate 4 to 5 times each year at the greening stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, so that the soil water content can maintain the field water holding capacity 60% to 80% of that.

The production method of plant seeds of the genus Wrygrass of the present invention, by controlling the time of spring sowing, row spacing, sowing depth, irrigation period, irrigation amount, fertilizer application and spraying of plant growth regulators, the maturity period of the seeds of the genus Wingwort can be controlled. Relatively concentrated, that is, the seeds can be uniformly matured, and then the seeds can be harvested uniformly; the life span of the seed production field is prolonged, and the seed production efficiency is improved; the seed yield of the production method of the present invention is higher, the quality is better, and the germination rate of the obtained seeds is higher .

detailed description

The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 1, the production of wheat grass seed

Plant Agropyron mongolica under the following climatic conditions: precipitation 200mm-450mm; frost-free period ≥ 120 days; accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C greater than 1800°C; sufficient sunshine.

1) Select a sandy loam field with a flat terrain, an open plot suitable for mechanical operations, a deep soil layer, good drainage, and medium fertility. The pH value of the soil is 7.5 to 8.7. Loosen the soil deeply to eliminate the weed seedlings in the soil layer , remove weeds and rhizomes, apply 15 tons of manure per hectare, and smash the soil clods to make the soil clods uniform in thickness;

2) Select Agropyron mongolica seeds with a purity of not less than 90% and a germination rate of not less than 85% for planting;

3) Spring sowing is carried out in the first ten days of April, and the sowing depth is 3.5cm, and the sowing rate is 18kg per hectare (calculated based on thousand-grain weight and germination rate); before sowing, apply the base fertilizer "Sakefu" at one time , 160 kg per hectare;

4) Irrigate 4 times in the year of sowing, respectively at the seedling stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and irrigate at the greening stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and the soil water content maintains 60% of the field water holding capacity;

Guaranteed to irrigate 4 times every year during the greening period, booting jointing period, flowering period and filling period;

5) Within 14 days after turning green in the next year, 60kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1 to 3 days before irrigation of green water, and 60kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen fertilizer) is applied during the post-fruit vegetative period;

From the third year, during the post-fruit vegetative period, one-time topdressing of "Sakefu" 150 kg per hectare shall be carried out as soon as possible after the seeds are harvested;

6) Spray the plant growth regulator 10 to 15 days after turning green, spray the plant growth regulator PP333 (paclobutrazol) twice on the leaves, and spray 1 kg/ha each time, with an interval of 7 days each time. In sunny weather with no wind, spray in the early morning;

7) When the plants of the genus Agropyrus enter the blooming period, choose a sunny day from 14 to 16 pm, pull the rope and gently pass over the upper part of the grass, and carry out a total of 3 times on the next day, and carry out artificial assisted pollination;

8) Seeds are harvested on the 30th day after the full flowering stage. At this time, the water content of the seeds is about 25% to 45%, and the maturity of the seeds reaches 80% (that is, the uniform maturity of the seeds); The amount of water is reduced to 10% to 15%.

Through the method of this example, the yield of the harvested seeds reached 700kg/hm ² .

The germination rate of the seed that test present embodiment produces, method is as follows:

Use two layers of filter paper, spread the filter paper in a petri dish and soak it with sterilized 0.2% potassium nitrate solution instead of water, and distribute a few seeds evenly on the wet germination bed, and keep an appropriate distance between each seed. distance to minimize the influence of neighboring seeds on seedling development. Label the culture utensils, put the petri dishes in the germination box (germination room) without light, and cultivate them at variable temperatures, with a low temperature of 20°C for 8 hours and a high temperature of 30°C for 16 hours. Cultivate according to the conditions specified in Table 1, and check the temperature, moisture and ventilation frequently during the germination period. If infected seeds should be taken out and rinsed, the germination bed should be replaced if the infection is severe. The initial count was 5 days, the last count was 14 days, and the germination rate was counted after the 2 counts.

After testing, the germination rate of the seeds produced in this embodiment reaches 90%.

Table 1 Detection method of germination rate of Agropyrus genus seeds

Note: The listed temperatures have the same effect, and their importance is not related to the order of listing. Variable temperature such as "20-30°C" means that the low temperature lasts for 8 hours and the high temperature lasts for 16 hours every day.

Embodiment 2, the production of wheatgrass seed

Plant wheatgrass under the following climatic conditions: precipitation 200mm-450mm; frost-free period ≥ 120 days; accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C greater than 1800°C; sufficient sunshine.

1) Select a sandy loam field with a flat terrain, an open plot suitable for mechanical operations, a deep soil layer, good drainage, and medium fertility. The pH value of the soil is 7.5 to 8.7. Loosen the soil deeply to eliminate the weed seedlings in the soil layer , remove weeds and rhizomes, apply 25 tons of manure per hectare, and crush the soil clods to make the soil clods uniform in thickness;

2) Select the seeds of Agrocystis spp. with a purity of not less than 90% and a germination rate of not less than 85% for planting;

3) Spring sowing is carried out in the first ten days of April, and the sowing depth is 4cm, and the sowing rate is 16kg per hectare (calculated according to the thousand-grain weight and germination rate); the base fertilizer "Sakefu" is applied at one time before sowing. 160 kg per hectare;

4) Irrigate 4 times in the year of sowing, respectively at the seedling stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and irrigate in the greening stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and the soil water content maintains 80% of the field water holding capacity;

Guaranteed to irrigate 4 times every year during the greening period, booting jointing period, flowering period and filling period;

5) Within 14 days after turning green in the next year, 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1 to 3 days before irrigation of green water, and 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the post-fruit vegetative period;

6) Spray the plant growth regulator 10 to 15 days after turning green, spray the plant growth regulator PP333 (paclobutrazol) twice on the leaves, and spray 2.5kg/ha each time, with an interval of 7 days each time. In sunny weather with light wind (wind force below level 2), spray in the evening;

7) When wheatgrass is in its full flowering period, choose a sunny day from 14 to 16 pm, pull the rope and lightly pass over the upper part of the grass, and carry out a total of 3 times on the next day, and carry out artificial assisted pollination;

8) Seeds are harvested on the 40th day after the full flowering stage. At this time, the water content of the seeds is about 25% to 45%, and the maturity of the seeds reaches 85% (that is, the uniform maturity of the seeds); The amount of water is reduced to 10% to 15%.

Through the method of this example, the yield of the harvested seeds was 700kg/hm ² .

According to the test method of seed germination rate in embodiment 1, measure the germination rate of Agropyrbus flatus seed, reach 92%.

Embodiment 3, the production of sandy wheatgrass seed

Plant wheatgrass under the following climatic conditions: precipitation 200mm-450mm; frost-free period ≥ 120 days; accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C greater than 1800°C; sufficient sunshine.

1) Select a sandy loam field with a flat terrain, an open plot suitable for mechanical operations, a deep soil layer, good drainage, and medium fertility. The pH value of the soil is 7.5 to 8.7. Loosen the soil deeply to eliminate the weed seedlings in the soil layer , remove weeds and rhizomes, apply 20 tons of manure per hectare, and crush the soil clods to make the soil clods uniform in thickness;

2) Select seeds of wheatgrass with a purity of not less than 90% and a germination rate of not less than 85% for planting;

3) Spring sowing is carried out in the first ten days of April, and the sowing depth is 3cm, and the sowing rate is 16kg per hectare (calculated according to the thousand-grain weight and germination rate). 160 kg per hectare;

4) Irrigate 4 times in the year of sowing, respectively at the seedling stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and irrigate in the greening stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and the soil water content maintains 70% of the field water holding capacity;

Guaranteed to irrigate 4 times every year during the greening period, booting jointing period, flowering period and filling period;

5) Within 14 days after turning green in the next year, 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1 to 3 days before irrigation of green water, and 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the post-fruit vegetative period;

6) Spray the plant growth regulator within 10 days after turning green in the next year, spray the plant growth regulator PP333 (paclobutrazol) twice on the leaf surface, and the spraying amount each time is 2.0kg/ha, with an interval of 7 days each time, choose In sunny weather with light wind (wind force below level 2), spray in the evening;

7) When the wheatgrass enters the full flowering period, choose a sunny day from 14 to 16 pm, pull the rope and lightly pass over the upper part of the grass, and carry out a total of 3 times on the next day, and carry out artificial assisted pollination;

8) Seeds are harvested on the 40th day after the full flowering stage. At this time, the water content of the seeds is about 35% to 45%, and the maturity of the seeds reaches 80% (that is, the degree of uniform maturity of the seeds); The amount of water is reduced to 10% to 15%.

Through the method of this example, the yield of the harvested seeds is 600kg/hm ² .

Measure the germination rate of wheatgrass seeds according to the test method of seed germination rate in embodiment 1, reach 96%.

Embodiment 4, the production of Siberia wheatgrass seed

Plant Siberian wheatgrass under the following climatic conditions: precipitation 200mm-450mm; frost-free period ≥ 120 days; accumulated temperature ≥ 10°C greater than 1800°C; sufficient sunshine.

1) Select a sandy loam field with a flat terrain, an open plot suitable for mechanical operations, a deep soil layer, good drainage, and medium fertility. The pH value of the soil is 7.5 to 8.7. Loosen the soil deeply to eliminate the weed seedlings in the soil layer , remove weeds and rhizomes, apply 20 tons of manure per hectare, and crush the soil clods to make the soil clods uniform in thickness;

2) Select seeds of Wheatgrass siberia with a purity of not less than 90% and a germination rate of not less than 85% for planting;

3) Spring sowing is carried out in the first ten days of April, and the sowing depth is 3cm, and the sowing rate is 16kg per hectare (calculated according to the thousand-grain weight and germination rate). 160 kg per hectare;

4) Irrigate 4 times in the year of sowing, respectively at the seedling stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and irrigate in the greening stage, booting jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and the soil water content maintains 70% of the field water holding capacity;

Guaranteed to irrigate 4 times every year during the greening period, booting jointing period, flowering period and filling period;

5) Within 14 days after turning green in the next year, 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1 to 3 days before irrigation of green water, and 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the post-fruit vegetative period;

6) Spray the plant growth regulator 14 days after turning green in the next year, spray the plant growth regulator PP333 (paclobutrazol) 2 times on the leaf surface, each spraying amount is 2.0kg/ hectare, and each interval is 7 days, select In sunny weather with light wind (wind force below level 2), spray in the evening;

7) When the Siberian wheatgrass plant enters its full flowering period, choose a sunny day from 14 to 16 pm, pull the rope and gently pass over the upper part of the grass, and carry out a total of 3 times on the next day, and carry out artificial assisted pollination;

8) Seeds are harvested on the 40th day after the full flowering stage. At this time, the water content of the seeds is about 35% to 45%, and the maturity of the seeds reaches 90% (that is, the degree of uniform maturity of the seeds); The amount of water is reduced to 10% to 15%.

Through the method of this example, the yield of the harvested seeds was 550kg/hm ² .

According to the test method of seed germination rate in Example 1, the germination rate of Agropyron siberia seeds was measured, and it reached 95%.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of production method of Wheatgrass seed, comprises the following steps：

1) selection is suitable to the soil that Wheatgrass grows, and through the after-applied farm manure that loosens the soil, is then suppressed；

2) annual early April sows in spring, and comprises the following steps：By the way of drilling, the depth of sowing is 2.5~4cm, application rate is 16~28kg/ hectares, and disposable application base manure prior to seeding；

The seed that selection cleanliness is not less than the Wheatgrass that 90%, germination percentage is not less than 85% is sowed；

3) then, seedling stage, booting jointing stage, florescence and pustulation period respectively in Wheatgrass are filled for sowing Water, makes soil moisture content maintain the 60%~80% of field capacity；

4) sow next year, Wheatgrass turn green after 14 days in, and turn green 1~3 day before water, apply irrigating Nitrogenous fertilizer, then the trophophase applies nitrogenous fertilizer after fruit；

5) 10~15 days after the period of seedling establishment of Wheatgrass, to the blade face of Wheatgrass on spray paclobutrazol；

6) in the full-bloom stage of Wheatgrass, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out to Wheatgrass afternoon；

7) seed can be harvested within the 30th day~40 days after Wheatgrass enters full-bloom stage.

2. production method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Wheatgrass be Wheatgrass, Crested wheat grass, husky raw wheatgrass or Siberian wheatgrass.

3. production method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step 1) in, the soil is Sandy soil or sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.5~8.7；

The farm manure is barnyard manure, and the amount of application of the farm manure is 15~25 tons/hectare.

4. the production method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Step 2) in, it is described The line-spacing of drilling is 38cm；

The base manure is organic fertilizer, and the amount of application of the base manure is 100~170kg/ hectares.

5. the production method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：Step 4) in, filling It is 60kg/ hectares to irrigate the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied for 1~3 day before water of turning green, and the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that the trophophase applies after fruit is 60kg / hectare.

6. the production method according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that：Step 5) in, Xiang Bing 1~2 paclobutrazol is sprayed on the blade face of careless platymiscium；

The amount of spraying of each paclobutrazol is 1.0kg~2.5kg/ hectares, and each interlude is 6~8 days；

The step that sprays is in the morning or at dusk and in progress under calm or gentle breeze fair weather.

7. the production method according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：Step 6) in, it is described Artificial supplementary pollination at 14~16 when carry out；

Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out by the way of tow or gauze are skimmed over from Wheatgrass top, is total to every other day 3 times.

8. the production method according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that：Step 7) in, seed Mass water content be 35%~45% when harvested.

9. the production method according to any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that：The production method is also wrapped Include following steps：From after planting next year, every year period of seedling establishment, booting jointing stage, florescence and pustulation period irrigate 4~ 5 times, soil moisture content is set to maintain the 60%~80% of field capacity.