CN107370458A - A kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique - Google Patents
A kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique, including radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler, 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional couplers of local oscillator, coaxial probe, Medium link ring, intermediate-freuqncy signal and two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers, the Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer includes radio-frequency plumbing microstrip transition, single-chip integration Schottky diode to, local oscillator Waveguide-microbelt transition, intermediate-frequency filter and local oscillator low pass filter;Wherein, the single-chip integration Schottky diode is to the diode pair for reverse parallel connection.Harmonic mixer in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention is obtained using semiconductor technology, accurately controls diode location and the size of microstrip circuit, and error is much smaller than manual assembly, greatly reduces influence of the rigging error to mixting circuit performance;Meanwhile the mixting circuit can effectively eliminate local oscillator noise, the noiseproof feature and efficiency of system are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique.
Background technology
Terahertz (THz) ripple refers to electromagnetism of the frequency in the range of 0.1THz~10THz (wavelength is 0.03mm~3mm)
Ripple.It is the important member in electromagnetic spectrum family, between infrared waves and microwave, long-wave band and millimeter wave submillimeter wave
Coincide, short-wave band is coincided with infrared light, and its basic theory, biology barrier are also led with two microwave, light wave subjects
Domain is mutually linked and compatibility, is the comprehensive branch of learning branch that last century Mo and the beginning of this century develop rapidly and formed.
The unique electromagnetic spectrum position of THz wave causes it to have the characteristics that transient state, broadband property, coherence and low energy, in information
The fields such as science, space science, medical science and material science have important researching value.
In information science field, the application of Terahertz Technology mainly has:(1) radar system;Due to the raising of frequency, terahertz
Hereby radar be imaged and detect etc. all than the high resolution of traditional microwave radar, in early warning radar, GPR and meteorology
All there is great application prospect on radar.(2) communication system;With the fast development of information science, Modern Communication System will
Higher speed and stronger security performance are asked, and compared with microwave, THz wave wave beam is narrow, secondary lobe is low, can be with high band
Width is oriented communication, has high researching value on LAN and intersatellite high-speed radiocommunication.(3) safety check system
System;THz wave has high-penetration and low energy, and therefore, the safe examination system based on THz wave will not cause to damage to human body
Wound, has higher use value than X ray safety check instrument.
Terahertz emission meter be Terahertz in one of important application of information science field, terahertz emission meter be measurement electricity
The high sensitivity system of electromagnetic wave radiation, it is a kind of microwave remote sensing equipment of passive type, and itself does not launch electromagnetic wave, but logical
Cross and passively receive the electromagnetic wave energy for being observed scene radiation to detect the characteristic of target.Frequency mixer is as radiometer front end system
The important component of system, its performance directly affect the overall index of radiometer.The noise of terahertz emission meter front end mainly comes
The diode in local oscillator driving source and frequency mixer is come from, wherein, amplify in the amplitude modulation(PAM) in local oscillation signal, or even local oscillator link
It the thermal noise of device, can all be introduced in receiver system, deteriorate noise coefficient, cause system sensitivity to reduce.Suppress local oscillator
The noise that link is introduced, can not only improve the noise temperature of receiver, can also improve total system sensitivity and dynamic model
Enclose.But the scheme for the noise that local oscillator port introduces is not eliminated in current terahertz emission meter front end.On the other hand,
Limitation of the existing receiver circuit due to being limited by processing conditions, in the case where there is multiple port input and output, more uses are more
Level circuit configuration, needs multiple substrates and cavity in integrated circuit, and needs to connect waveguide or probe, and processed complex, cost is high,
Transmission loss is big.In addition, core of the diode as frequency mixer nonlinear effect, its performance directly affects frequency mixer with assembling
Performance, in low-frequency range process and assemble, circuit size is larger, frequently with " flip-chip " mode using conducting resinl by two poles
Pipe is lost money instead of making money on circuit microstrip, and still, after Terahertz frequency range is risen to, the size of circuit strongly reduces, the side of manual assembly
Formula can not ensure its degree of accuracy.
The content of the invention
A kind of the defects of present invention exists for background technology, it is proposed that Terahertz mixing electricity based on single slice integration technique
Road.Harmonic mixer in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention is obtained using semiconductor technology, accurately controls diode location
And the size of microstrip circuit, error are much smaller than manual assembly, greatly reduce shadow of the rigging error to mixting circuit performance
Ring;Meanwhile the mixting circuit can effectively eliminate local oscillator noise, the noiseproof feature and efficiency of system are improved.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique, including radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler 1,
135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional couplers 5 of local oscillator, coaxial probe 8, Medium link ring 9, intermediate-freuqncy signal 10 and two are too
Hertz sub-harmonic mixer 2, the Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer 2 include radio-frequency plumbing-microstrip transition 3, single-chip integration Xiao Te
Based diode is to 4, local oscillator waveguide-microstrip transition 6, intermediate-frequency filter 7 and local oscillator low pass filter 11;Wherein, the monolithic collection
It is the diode pair of reverse parallel connection to 4 into Schottky diode;
Radiofrequency signal is divided after radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler 1 is coupled into the signal that two-way phase differs 90 degree
Jin Ru not two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers 2;Oscillating driving signal is through 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguide directional couples of local oscillator
After device 5 is coupled into the signal that two-way phase differs 135 degree, two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers 2 are respectively enterd;Terahertz point is humorous
Single-chip integration Schottky diode in wave mixing device mixes to the radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal progress Frequency mixing processing of 4 pairs of inputs
After other components caused by frequency are filtered by intermediate-frequency filter, only intermediate frequency component exports via corresponding intermediate-frequency filter, enters
Medium link ring 9, after 180 ° of phse conversions, export intermediate-freuqncy signal 10.
Further, the single-chip integration Schottky diode is straight in the GaAs substrates that thickness is 5 μm~15 μm to 4
To deliver a child, diode pad is connected with transmission line using the thin gold ribbon of beam lead formula, can greatly reduce rigging error,
Lift circuit performance.
Further, the intermediate-frequency filter 7 is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency, and its output end uses 50 ohm
Micro-strip impedance line is realized, the characteristic that there is broadband to suppress parasitic passband, can effectively be prevented harmonic signal, local oscillation signal, be penetrated
Frequency signal is exported and is reflected back towards by Mid Frequency, improves frequency multiplication and mixing efficiency.
Further, the local oscillator low pass filter 11 is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency, and it is to make this that it, which is acted on,
The signal that shakes reaches diode pair to drive its work with less loss, and suppresses radiofrequency signal, prevents radiofrequency signal from local oscillator
Port leaks, and improves interport isolation.
Wherein, local oscillator and prevention at radio-frequency port through two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers of radiofrequency signal and oscillating driving signal are defeated
After entering, reverse parallel connection single-chip integration Schottky diode to 4 in carry out Frequency mixing processing;Wherein, the two of 135 degree of phase difference
Road oscillating driving signal feed-in single-chip integration Schottky diode produces each harmonic component, its second harmonic component phase to 4
270 degree of difference, and two-way radiofrequency signal phase differs 90 degree, so, the second harmonic point of radiofrequency signal and oscillating driving signal
Caused signal phase difference 180 degree after amount mixing.Other components are filtered by corresponding intermediate-frequency filter in signal caused by mixing
After falling, only intermediate frequency component exports, into Medium link ring 9, the two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal phase difference 180 degree of output.Intermediate frequency coupling
Cyclization 9 carries out 180 ° of phse conversions, and because noise is random distribution, carrying out phse conversion to noise does not have practical significance,
And pass through frequency mixer and be mixed, after intermediate-frequency filter filtering, the noise that local oscillator introduces is amplified by power amplifier, is now made an uproar in new
It is believed that the noise that local oscillator introduces is a small-signal under sound substrate, after being exported by 180 degree phse conversion, local oscillator noise is reverse
It is suppressed, and two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal is superimposed output in the same direction, intermediate-freuqncy signal 10 of the final output Jing Guo noise suppressed, realizes suppression
The purpose of local oscillator noise.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, using two single-chip integration formulas point based on planer schottky diode pair in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention
Harmonic mixer, parallel arrangement form mixting circuit, change two-way sheet using 135 degree and 90 degree of branch line guide directional couplers
The phase shaken with radiofrequency signal, make local oscillator second harmonic component that there is 180 degree with caused two-way intermediate frequency after radiofrequency signal mixing
Phase difference, into after Medium link ring, two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal passes through superposition output in the same direction, and local oscillator after 180 degree phse conversion
The two-way noise signal of introducing is reversely offset, and realizes the purpose for eliminating local oscillator noise, and then improve the noiseproof feature of system
And efficiency.
2nd, the Schottky diode in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention is had to being obtained using monolithic semiconductor integrated technology
Effect solve the problems, such as that the manual assembly degree of accuracy is low, the Schottky diode to be directly grown on GaAs substrates and with GaAs bases
Microstrip line on piece is joined directly together, while is generated beam lead on substrate and provided ground connection for diode and support whole circuit list
Piece.Schottky diode in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention accurately controls diode to being obtained by semiconductor technology
Position and the size of microstrip circuit, error are much smaller than manual assembly, greatly reduce rigging error to mixting circuit performance
Influence.
3rd, another layer by two-way medium frequency output end mouth and is arranged at using coaxial probe in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention
The connection of Medium link ring, this structure causes the microstrip line construction of Medium link loop circuit and frequency mixer to build same
In cavity, the cumbersome of multiple circuit module connections is avoided, the space of inside modules is rationally make use of, reduces transition structure,
Simplify circuit structure.
4th, sub-harmonic mixer is used in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention, sub-harmonic mixer need to only receive rf frequency
The local frequency of half can be achieved mixing and receive, and greatly reduces the demand to Terahertz Solid Source, is advantageous to entirely receive and dispatch
The miniaturization of system, the extensive use to Terahertz Technology have great importance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of overall structure of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique provided by the invention is illustrated
Figure;
Fig. 2 is the threedimensional model of single-chip integration Schottky diode pair of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the simulation result of radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of local oscillator of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Medium link ring of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the entirety knot for a kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique provided by the invention
Structure schematic diagram;Including radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler 1,135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional couplers 5 of local oscillator,
Coaxial probe 8, Medium link ring 9, intermediate-freuqncy signal 10 and two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers 2, the Terahertz subharmonic mix
Frequency device 2 includes radio-frequency plumbing-microstrip transition 3, single-chip integration Schottky diode is filtered to 4, local oscillator waveguide-microstrip transition 6, intermediate frequency
Ripple device 7 and local oscillator low pass filter 11;Wherein, the single-chip integration Schottky diode is the diode pair of reverse parallel connection to 4;
Wherein, standard waveguide WR-2.8 is as rf inputs input radio frequency signal, and radiofrequency signal is from radio frequency 3dB branches ripple
Lead directional coupler 1 to enter, standard waveguide WR-5.1 inputs local oscillation signal as local oscillator input, and local oscillation signal is from local oscillator 135
Degree phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler 5 enters;Radiofrequency signal is coupled into two through radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler 1
After road phase differs 90 degree of signal, subtract height through waveguide and be coupled to microstrip line and respectively enter two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers 2;
Oscillating driving signal is coupled into the letter of 135 degree of two-way phase difference through 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional couplers 5 of local oscillator
After number, subtract height through waveguide and be coupled to microstrip line and respectively enter two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers 2;Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer
In single-chip integration Schottky diode Frequency mixing processing is carried out to the radiofrequency signals and local oscillation signal of 4 pairs of inputs, caused by mixing
After other components are filtered by intermediate-frequency filter, only intermediate frequency component exports via corresponding intermediate-frequency filter, into Medium link
Ring 9, after 180 ° of phse conversions, export intermediate-freuqncy signal 10.
Wherein, local oscillator and prevention at radio-frequency port through two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers of radiofrequency signal and oscillating driving signal are defeated
After entering, reverse parallel connection single-chip integration Schottky diode to 4 in carry out Frequency mixing processing;Wherein, the two of 135 degree of phase difference
Road oscillating driving signal feed-in single-chip integration Schottky diode produces each harmonic component, its second harmonic component phase to 4
270 degree of difference, and two-way radiofrequency signal phase differs 90 degree, so, the second harmonic point of radiofrequency signal and oscillating driving signal
Caused signal phase difference 180 degree after amount mixing.Other components are filtered by corresponding intermediate-frequency filter in signal caused by mixing
After falling, only intermediate frequency component exports, into Medium link ring 9, the two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal phase difference 180 degree of output.Intermediate frequency coupling
Cyclization 9 carries out 180 ° of phse conversions, and because noise is random distribution, carrying out phse conversion to noise does not have practical significance,
And pass through frequency mixer and be mixed, after intermediate-frequency filter filtering, the noise that local oscillator introduces is amplified by power amplifier, is now made an uproar in new
It is believed that the noise that local oscillator introduces is a small-signal under sound substrate, after being exported by 180 degree phse conversion, local oscillator noise is reverse
It is suppressed, and two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal is superimposed output in the same direction, intermediate-freuqncy signal 10 of the final output Jing Guo noise suppressed, realizes suppression
The purpose of local oscillator noise.
Wherein, radio-frequency plumbing-microstrip transition 3 and local oscillator waveguide-microstrip transition 6 subtract high form using waveguide, can make
Matching is better.
Wherein, standard waveguide WR-2.8 has the function that to suppress low frequency signal, therefore intermediate-freuqncy signal, local oscillation signal will not be from
Radio-frequency head exports.
As shown in Fig. 2 the threedimensional model for single-chip integration Schottky diode pair of the present invention;Diode is the core of frequency mixer
Heart device, its performance are directly connected to the height of conversion loss and the bandwidth of operation of frequency mixer.In Terahertz frequency range wavelength very
Small, the package dimension of diode can cause very big influence to its performance, and should try one's best selection cascade resistance, junction capacity are all smaller
Diode, but with frequency rise, it is necessary to reduce simultaneously cascade resistance, junction capacity, this realizes tool in semiconductor technology
There is larger difficulty.Single-chip integration Schottky diode pair in sub-harmonic mixer of the present invention, being will by semiconductor technology
Two schottky junctions are integrated in an encapsulation, and form the structure of reverse parallel connection, farthest ensure that the symmetrical of two pipes
Property, reduce encapsulation parasitic parameter;Then the substrate of diode pair is removed and diode model is directly generated on substrate, and led to
Cross gold ribbon to be connected with microstrip line, as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in figure 3, the structural representation for Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer 2 of the present invention;The Terahertz subharmonic mixes
Frequency device 2 includes radio-frequency plumbing-microstrip transition 3, single-chip integration Schottky diode is filtered to 4, local oscillator waveguide-microstrip transition 6, intermediate frequency
Ripple device 7 and local oscillator low pass filter 11, wherein, the single-chip integration Schottky diode to 4 be reverse parallel connection diode pair,
To be monolithically integrated on GaAs substrate.
Wherein, the micro-strip of radio-frequency head and cavity wall contact, to realize the ground connection of radio frequency and direct current signal;Input waveguide to visit
Field coupling in waveguide into micro-strip, is then utilized a quarter by the probe for being transitioning through one section coupling of pin
Wavelength carries out impedance conversion to realize the impedance matching with standard microstrip transmission line.
Wherein, the intermediate-frequency filter 7 is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency, its act on be will mixing caused by
Frequency signal is extracted from circuit, and the signal of unwanted frequency, local oscillation signal mainly stronger to energy are suppressed,
Prevent it from causing the loss of local oscillation signal energy and intermediate frequency output spectrum impure from intermediate frequency port output.Meanwhile intermediate frequency filtering
Device also needs to reduce the insertion loss in passband as far as possible, intermediate-freuqncy signal is exported with less loss, and improve to local oscillator
The suppression of frequency.
Wherein, the local oscillator low pass filter 11 is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency, and its effect is to believe local oscillator
Number diode pair is reached to drive its work with less loss, and suppress radiofrequency signal, prevent radiofrequency signal from local oscillator port
Leakage, interport isolation is improved, while it also avoid radiofrequency signal and lost because of leakage, energy can be concentrated in diode pair
On be mixed.
In the present invention, local oscillator low pass filter and mid-frequency low-pass wave filter use high low-impedance line low pass filter, micro-
It is simple with high low-impedance line low-pass filter structure, it is easy to process, in system frequently as frequency-selecting device be used for suppress interference signal
Harmonic signal.
As shown in figure 4, the structural representation for radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of the present invention;The radio-frequency branch ripple
Lead directional coupler to form based on standard waveguide WR-2.8, mainly by input (port 1), straight-through end (port 2), coupled end
Four port compositions of (port 3) and isolation end (port 4), wherein, isolation termination matched load, end and coupled end are led directly to as defeated
Exit port, and 90 ° of phase difference be present in two-way output signal.Radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of the present invention have each end
The features such as mouth matches, isolation is high, insertion loss is small, improve the deficiency of three port elements.Fig. 5 is radio frequency 3dB of the present invention points
The simulation result of branch guide directional coupler, by simulation result it can be seen that the radio-frequency branch guide directional coupler return loss
(S11) be better than in frequency range 150GHz~180GHz 20dB, straight-through port and coupling port isolation (S23) also superior to
20dB, while from S21 and S31 it is also seen that it has the superperformance of power decile.Radio-frequency branch guide directional of the present invention
The good transporting of coupler so that radiofrequency signal can be loaded into two with less loss and mix in wider frequency band range
On frequency device, to realize that low-loss mixting circuit has established good basis.
As shown in fig. 6, the structural representation for 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers of local oscillator of the present invention;This
The branch-waveguide directional coupler that shakes is formed based on standard waveguide WR-5.1, mainly by input (port 1), straight-through end (port 2),
Four port compositions of coupled end (port 3) and isolation end (port 4), wherein, isolation termination matched load, lead directly to end and coupling
End is used as output port, and two-way output signal has 90 ° of phase difference.Due to the mixing in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention
Device is sub-harmonic mixer, need to be straight in order to ensure second harmonic and two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal opposite in phase after radiofrequency signal mixing
Go side increases by 45 degree of extra phase shift minor matters, straight-through end 2 is differed with coupled end 3 as 135 degree, its structure is as shown in Figure 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the structural representation for Medium link ring of the present invention.The present invention is mixed using the classics based on microstrip line
Cyclization model, 2 ports connect matched load, and intermediate-freuqncy signal enters coupling loop circuit by port 1 and port 3 respectively, and the output of 4 ports is
The difference of two signals, i.e. signals reverse are superimposed.
RF Power Splitter uses orthogonal branches guide directional coupler structure in the present invention, by waveguide-microstrip transition with
Sub-harmonic mixer prevention at radio-frequency port is connected;Local oscillator power splitter uses 135 degree of branch-waveguide directional coupling structures, passes through micro-strip
Line is directly connected with the local oscillator port of sub-harmonic mixer.Two-way medium frequency output end mouth is another with being arranged at by coaxial probe
The Medium link ring of layer is connected, and this structure causes the microstrip line construction of Medium link loop circuit and frequency mixer to build same
In one cavity, the cumbersome of multiple circuit module connections is avoided, the space of inside modules is rationally make use of, simplifies circuit,
Reduce the loss inside circuit.
Two single-chip integration formula subharmonics based on planer schottky diode are used in Terahertz mixting circuit of the present invention
Frequency mixer, parallel arrangement form mixting circuit, and radiofrequency signal and oscillating driving signal are through two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers
Local oscillator and prevention at radio-frequency port input after, reverse parallel connection single-chip integration Schottky diode to 4 in carry out Frequency mixing processing;Noise is
Random distribution, carrying out phse conversion to noise in mixting circuit does not have a practical significance, and radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal due to
Phase shift acts on, in the intermediate-freuqncy signal opposite in phase being mixed when exporting, and after the effect of intermediate-frequency filter, after local oscillator is amplified
Noise a small-signal is regarded as under new noise floor, into after Medium link ring 9, two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal passes through
Superposition output in the same direction after 180 degree phse conversion, and the two-way noise signal that local oscillator introduces reversely is offset, and is realized elimination local oscillator and is made an uproar
The purpose of sound, and then improve the noiseproof feature and efficiency of system.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Terahertz mixting circuit based on single slice integration technique, including radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler (1),
135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional couplers (5) of local oscillator, coaxial probe (8), Medium link ring (9), intermediate-freuqncy signal (10)
With two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers (2), the Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer (2) includes radio-frequency plumbing-microstrip transition
(3), single-chip integration Schottky diode is to (4), local oscillator waveguide-microstrip transition (6), intermediate-frequency filter (7) and local oscillator low pass filtered
Ripple device (11);Wherein, diode pair of the single-chip integration Schottky diode to (4) for reverse parallel connection;
Radiofrequency signal is entered respectively after radio frequency 3dB branch-waveguide directional couplers are coupled into the signal that two-way phase differs 90 degree
Enter two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers;Oscillating driving signal is through 135 degree of phase shift 3dB branch-waveguides directional coupler couplings of local oscillator
After 135 degree of signal is differed into two-way phase, two Terahertz sub-harmonic mixers are respectively enterd;Terahertz sub-harmonic mixer
In single-chip integration Schottky diode carry out Frequency mixing processing to the radiofrequency signal to input and local oscillation signal, caused by mixing its
After his component is filtered by intermediate-frequency filter, only intermediate frequency component exports via corresponding intermediate-frequency filter, into Medium link ring,
After 180 ° of phse conversions, intermediate-freuqncy signal is exported.
2. the Terahertz mixting circuit according to claim 1 based on single slice integration technique, it is characterised in that the intermediate frequency
Wave filter is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency.
3. the Terahertz mixting circuit according to claim 1 based on single slice integration technique, it is characterised in that the local oscillator
Low pass filter is the high low-impedance line low pass filter of intermediate frequency.
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CN107941333A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 四川众为创通科技有限公司 | Terahertz low noise acoustic radiometer front end based on single slice integration technique |
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