CN109617621A - Adjustable Terahertz minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end - Google Patents
Adjustable Terahertz minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end Download PDFInfo
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- CN109617621A CN109617621A CN201811511480.2A CN201811511480A CN109617621A CN 109617621 A CN109617621 A CN 109617621A CN 201811511480 A CN201811511480 A CN 201811511480A CN 109617621 A CN109617621 A CN 109617621A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/90—Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses adjustable Terahertzs to minimize multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, coupler circuit, subharmonic mixer circuit and four part of Terahertz cavity body filter circuit by being integrated in same metal cavity form, wherein, oscillating driving signal carries out frequency multiplication by the frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, signal after frequency multiplication enters coupler circuit and carries out coupling output, provides local oscillator driving for subharmonic mixer circuit;The radiofrequency signal that subharmonic mixer circuit mixing generates is via Terahertz cavity body filter circuit output.Frequency mixer, frequency multiplier, filter are integrated in the same cavity by the present invention in Terahertz frequency range, and Terahertz coupler circuit is integrated in the output end of frequency multiplier, it is convenient that the output power of frequency multiplier is debugged to draw debugging port, guarantee that frequency mixer obtains suitable driving power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Terahertz Technology fields, and in particular to before adjustable Terahertz miniaturization multifunctional unit radio frequency
End.
Background technique
Terahertz (THz) science and technology is the emerging cross discipline rapidly developed in the latest 20 years and research hotspot,
It is the important member in electromagnetic spectrum family, between infrared waves and microwave, long-wave band and millimeter wave submillimeter wave phase
Be overlapped, short-wave band coincides with infrared ray, basic theory, biology barrier also with two microwave, light wave ambits
It is mutually linked and is compatible with, there is very high knowledge-intensive property and technology-intensive property.Terahertz frequency range covers electromagnetic spectrum
0.1THz~10THz frequency range is the wide-band electromagnetic radiation region for containing abundant physical connotation.For a long time,
Due to lacking effective THz source and detection method, the Terahertz formd in electromagnetic spectrum applies " gap ".
Wireless communication is faced with the contradiction of limited spectrum resources with the high speed business demand increased rapidly, and THz wave exists
Occupy very special position in electromagnetic spectrum, there is frequency spectrum resource abundant.Terahertz wireless communication have Gbps up to a hundred with
Upper data transmission capabilities, moderate beam angle, the advantages that effectively penetrating plasma sheath, in addition to being able to satisfy ground short distance
Outside high capacity communication demand, moreover it can be used to which space communication etc., developing Terahertz wireless communication technique has important reality
Application value and wide application prospect.Meanwhile for the demand of satellite high speed data transfer, present technological development direction is main
It concentrates on laser communication and high-frequency microwave communicates two aspects.But laser communication is easy to be influenced by transmission environment, and can only
The condition limitation for carrying out line communication, is restricted in terms of application range.Therefore, in order to support remote sensing satellite, telecommunication satellite
The construction and application of system, the ultrahigh speed wireless communication technique based on terahertz wave band are a superior technique developing direction.
Realize the premise of solid-state Terahertz application system, it is necessary first to study high-performance Terahertz receiving front-end system.Mesh
Preceding the studied solid-state Terahertz circuit based on semiconductor technology is mostly single device, be only able to achieve frequency multiplication, mixing, filtering,
Coupling, amplification etc. simple function, and cascade or parallel connection are carried out on the basis of single device to realize Terahertz system link.
Each independent device needs a substrate in design and cavity carrys out bearer circuit, and each circuit needs individually designed and processing, if
Meter processing complexity is bigger and the period is longer, needs multiple medium substrates and cavity, and volume is larger.Design processing ratio in this way
It is more complex, at high cost and have unnecessary internal transmission loss.It is mostly in the volume of Terahertz frequency range, individual feature module
20mm*20mm*20mm magnitude, in order to reach required function, the prior art is mostly that multiple module directly cascades, and volume is just
It can be multiplied, as shown in Figure 1.
At present in Terahertz receiver system, have the scheme that frequency mixer and frequency multiplier grade are associated in the same cavity,
But the local oscillator driving power of this scheme frequency mixer i.e. the output power of frequency multiplier can not measure, and will face nothing
Method guarantees the problem of suitable local oscillator driving power, not can guarantee the performance of integrated circuit.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides the miniaturization of adjustable Terahertz is more
Frequency mixer, frequency multiplier, filter are integrated in the same cavity by function integrated RF front end, the present invention in Terahertz frequency range,
The function of single sideband singal transmission is realized, and integrates Terahertz coupler circuit in the output end of frequency multiplier, to draw tune
Port is tried, it is convenient that the output power of frequency multiplier is debugged, guarantee that frequency mixer obtains suitable driving power.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Adjustable Terahertz minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, by the frequency mixer sheet for being integrated in same metal cavity
Shake drive source circuit, coupler circuit, subharmonic mixer circuit and four part of Terahertz cavity body filter circuit composition,
In, oscillating driving signal carries out frequency multiplication by the frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, and the signal after frequency multiplication enters coupler circuit
Coupling output is carried out, provides local oscillator driving for subharmonic mixer circuit;The radio frequency letter that subharmonic mixer circuit mixing generates
Number via Terahertz cavity body filter circuit output.
Preferably, the frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit uses Terahertz frequency tripler, including frequency multiplier local oscillator to input
Port, frequency multiplier DC bias circuit, frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter, frequency multiplier diode pair and frequency multiplier RF output end
Mouthful;Oscillating driving signal is entered by frequency multiplier local oscillator input port, is loaded into frequency multiplier by frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter
Diode pair carries out frequency multiplication, and the signal after frequency multiplication enters coupler circuit by frequency multiplier radio frequency output port.
Preferably, the frequency multiplier radio frequency output signal is since the presence of frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter is without from again
Frequency device local oscillator port leakage, to realize the isolation between two ports, the frequency multiplier DC bias circuit and frequency multiplier circuit
It itself is connected by Liang Shi lead.
Preferably, the coupler circuit includes coupler input, coupler match end, coupler debugging end and coupling
Device output end;Signal after frequency multiplication enters the coupler input in coupler circuit, is divided by coupler output output humorous
Wave mixing device circuit provides local oscillator driving;Small part energy is coupled out by coupler debugging end output, output power can be surveyed, into
And the signal power of coupler output can be calculated by the degree of coupling of coupler, it realizes adjustable.
Preferably, the coupler circuit uses 3 branch's wave directional couplers, additionally mills out four in 3 branch's cable architectures
A fillet.
Preferably, the subharmonic mixer circuit includes mixer input, mixer diode to, mixer intermediate-frequency
Low-pass filter and frequency mixer RF output end;The intermediate-freuqncy signal and local oscillation signal of frequency mixer are respectively from mixer intermediate-frequency low pass filtered
Wave device and mixer input feed-in, are loaded into mixer diode and are mixed on, wherein mixer diode is to mixing
The radiofrequency signal of generation is exported by frequency mixer RF output end.
Preferably, since frequency mixer local oscillation signal frequency is lower than frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port waveguide cutoff frequency, so mixing
Device local oscillation signal will not be leaked from frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port, and frequency mixer radiofrequency signal is due to frequency mixer local oscillator low-pass filter
In the presence of without from frequency mixer local oscillator port leak, thus realize two ports between isolation.
The present invention has the advantage that and the utility model has the advantages that
1, mixing, frequency multiplication, filtering and coupling multifunctional unit can greatly be reduced into Terahertz system in the same cavity
The cost and complexity of radio-frequency front-end.
2, multifunction module realized in a circuit compared to existing single module cascade composition circuit fabrication it is simpler,
The cavity numbers needed are less, reduce the volume of multimode circuit, realize circuit miniaturization, while also reducing processing cavity
The cost of body and substrate.
3, coupler integrated guarantees that frequency mixer is suitably driven so that the debugging of frequency multiplier output power is more convenient
Dynamic power.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is existing multi-functional cascade circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is multifunctional integrated circuit schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is radio-frequency front-end integrated circuit structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 4 is subharmonic mixer circuit structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 5 is sub-harmonic mixer simulation result diagram of the invention.
Fig. 6 is frequency tripler circuit structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 7 is frequency tripler simulation result diagram of the invention.
Fig. 8 is Terahertz cavity body filter circuit structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 9 is Terahertz cavity body filter simulation result diagram of the invention.
Figure 10 is branch-waveguide directional coupler circuit structure diagram of the invention.
Figure 11 is branch-waveguide directional coupler simulation result diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
Adjustable Terahertz miniaturization multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end is present embodiments provided, before entire Terahertz radio frequency
Terminal circuit is integrated in same metal cavity, as shown in Fig. 2, being mainly made of four parts: frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, coupling
Clutch circuit, subharmonic mixer circuit and Terahertz cavity body filter circuit.
As shown in figure 3, shown frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit is defeated using Terahertz frequency tripler, including frequency multiplier local oscillator
Inbound port 1, frequency multiplier DC bias circuit 2, frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter 3, frequency multiplier diode pair 4 and frequency multiplier radio frequency
Output port 5;Oscillating driving signal is entered by frequency multiplier local oscillator input port 1, is loaded by frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter 3
Frequency multiplication is carried out to frequency multiplier diode pair 4, the signal after frequency multiplication enters coupler circuit by frequency multiplier radio frequency output port 5.
Wherein frequency multiplier radio frequency output signal is due to frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter 3 (logical local frequency, resistance radio frequency frequency
Rate) presence without from frequency multiplier local oscillator port leak, to realize the isolation between the two ports;Wherein frequency multiplier direct current
Biasing circuit is connect with frequency multiplier circuit itself by Liang Shi lead, is avoided and is jumped the human error that spun gold introduces.
Local oscillator driving source uses Terahertz frequency tripler, and circuit is as shown in Figure 6.The number of diodes of the frequency tripler is
Even number, input/output signal are coupled by diode pair center, to guarantee that each diode bias state is identical, direct current biasing from
The load of diode one end.Reverse parallel connection is presented in input signal in diode pair as a result, is then series connection for direct current biasing, simultaneously
Even-order harmonic forms virtual circuit under such structure, and only odd harmonic enters output end, realizes the function for inhibiting even-order harmonic
Can, it is suitable for odd times frequency multiplier.To be easily installed planar diode and realizing the functions such as filtering, matching, in Terahertz frequency multiplier
Frequently with circuit substrate as transmission line, and the transmission line form of frequency multiplier separated structure is accessed, generally had in Terahertz frequency range
Micro-strip, co-planar waveguide and suspension three kinds of forms of micro-strip.Compared to the microstrip line form of back-side ground, suspension micro-strip is simultaneously no ground,
Its electric field is dissipated to shielding box around by microstrip substrate, and electric field is concentrated mainly on air rather than in dielectric substrate, can be effective
Reduce the energy loss on transmission line;And compared to co-planar waveguide for, the circuit structure for suspending micro-strip is relatively easy, without side
The structure of face ground connection, is easy to make, and especially reduces in Terahertz high band circuit size, simple circuit structure can effectively increase
It is powered on the reliability on road.
The result is that frequency multiplier simulation result under different input power in Fig. 7.When wherein input power is 20dBm, output
Power is greater than 5mw within the scope of 104GHz-112GHz, meets the requirement of frequency mixer local oscillator driving power.
The coupler circuit includes that coupler input 6, coupler match end 7, coupler debugging end 8 and coupler are defeated
Outlet 9;Signal after frequency multiplication enters the coupler input 6 in coupler circuit, is subharmonic by the output of coupler output 9
Mixer provides local oscillator driving;Small part energy is coupled out to be exported by coupler debugging end 8, output power can be surveyed, into
And the signal power of coupler output 9 can be calculated by the degree of coupling of coupler, achieve the purpose that debugging.
In the present embodiment, the coupler circuit uses branch-waveguide directional coupler, and branch-waveguide directional coupler is
A kind of four port elements have many advantages, such as that each port match, isolation are high, insertion loss is small, improve three port elements not
Foot, and with its high power capacity characteristic, make it that there is very high application potential in high-power synthesis.Radio-frequency branch waveguide
Directional coupler is constituted based on standard waveguide WR-2.8, it is mainly by input terminal (port 1), straight-through end (port 2), coupled end
Four port compositions of (port 3) and isolation end (port 4), wherein isolation termination matched load, leads directly to end and coupled end conduct
Output port, and there are 90 ° of phase differences for two-way output signal.
To solve the problems, such as the most narrow coupling aperture processing difficulties of branch line guide directional coupler, present invention employs a kind of new
The branch-waveguide structure of type additionally mills out four fillets 15 in 3 traditional branch's cable architectures and (mills out four in the 2nd branch
Fillet), structure is as shown in Figure 10.This structure significantly reduces processing request, while its overall circuit size is also corresponding
Reduce, is conducive to the system integration.Meanwhile this follow-on structure is during long-time service, in same stress situation
Under, more difficult deformation occurs, improves the service life of coupler.
The effect of coupler is to be coupled out part energy (- 10dB) to be used to facilitate debugging 110GHz frequency multiplication in the present embodiment
The output power of device.It can be seen that radio-frequency branch guide directional coupler return loss (S11) in frequency by the simulation result of Figure 11
Rate range 110GHz~130GHz is better than 20dB substantially, and straight-through port and coupling port isolation (S23) are also superior to 20dB, simultaneously
From S31 it is also seen that the degree of coupling has good flatness.Good transmission performance to penetrate in wider frequency range
Frequency signal can be transmitted with lesser loss, to realize that low-loss front-end circuit has established good basis.
The subharmonic mixer circuit includes that mixer input 10, mixer diode are low to 11, mixer intermediate-frequency
Bandpass filter 12 and frequency mixer RF output end 13;The intermediate-freuqncy signal and local oscillation signal of frequency mixer are respectively from mixer intermediate-frequency low pass
10 feed-in of filter 12 and mixer input, is loaded into mixer diode to being mixed on 11, wherein two pole of frequency mixer
The radiofrequency signal that pipe generates 11 mixing is exported by frequency mixer RF output end 13.
The subharmonic mixer circuit of the application is mixed using the Terahertz subharmonic based on planar package Schottky diode
Frequency device, the main mainstream circuit structure for using microstrip line, circuit structure are as shown in Figure 4.Circuit is by radio frequency input waveguide to micro-
Band transition, local oscillator low-pass filter, local oscillator duplex (including the transition of local oscillator port and mid-frequency low-pass filtering), GaAs plane Xiao Te
Base barrier diode and match circuit composition, wherein anti-pair diodes are to be monolithically integrated on GaAs substrate.
The micro-strip and cavity wall of radio-frequency head contact, and realize the ground connection of radio frequency and direct current signal.Input waveguide is transitioning through one to probe
The probe of section coupling into micro-strip, then utilizes quarter-wave to carry out impedance change the field coupling in waveguide
It changes to realize the impedance matching with standard microstrip transmission line.Generate harmonic wave abundant when signal passes through diode pair, and low pass
Filter is for extracting required intermediate-freuqncy signal.The intermediate-freuqncy signal that mixing generates passes through a Microstrip Low-Pass output, warp
It crosses coaxial probe and is fed to another layer of intermediate frequency mixing loop circuit and carry out coupling output.
For planer schottky diode to the critical component for being harmonic mixer, performance directly affects the realization of frequency mixer,
Therefore it is necessary to Schottky diode to through row Accurate Model.To make frequency mixer emulation closer to reality, need
The Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Model of planer schottky diode pair is established in HFSS and establishes corresponding microstrip line construction.In HFSS electromagnetism
Radio frequency transition, diode pair, local oscillator duplexer are designed in simulation software and emulates and converts SNP file for simulation result
And import in ADS, harmonic mixer integrated circuit is established in ADS schematic diagram, and it is as shown in Figure 5 can to obtain simulation result.Subharmonic
The simulation result of frequency mixer is shown, in the broadband of 185-255GHz, mixer conversion loss is less than 10dB.
Wherein since frequency mixer local oscillation signal frequency is lower than frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port waveguide cutoff frequency, so frequency mixer sheet
Vibration signal will not leak from frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port;Wherein frequency mixer radiofrequency signal is due to frequency mixer local oscillator low-pass filter
The presence of (logical local frequency, resistance rf frequency) from frequency mixer local oscillator port without leaking, thus between realizing the two ports
Isolation;Wherein frequency mixer radio frequency and frequency mixer local oscillation signal can recycle to reduce in mixing at mixer diode
Energy loss, improve mixing efficiency;Wherein frequency mixer radiofrequency signal is exported via Terahertz cavity body filter 14, to reach
The purpose of single-side belt output, has saved the bandwidth of output band.
Filter plays a significant role in current communication system as frequency selective element and high-frequency circuit can not
Or scarce important component.Involve common bandpass filter in Terahertz circuit in microwave, millimeter now and is all based on wave
The waveguide filter of transfer element realization, the especially face E cavity body filter are led because it is simple with structure, easy to process and peace
Dress, the advantages that being easy to produce in batches, higher Q value and good filtering characteristic can be obtained and have been widely used.Then originally
The Terahertz cavity body filter of example uses the face E cavity body filter structure, and structure is as shown in figure 8, filter as shown in Figure 9
Simulation result is it is found that the filter passband of the present embodiment is 205GHz to 215GHz, and with interior return loss less than -20dB, band is outer
- 40dB is suppressed at 20%.
Frequency mixer, frequency multiplier, filter are integrated in the same cavity by the present embodiment in Terahertz frequency range, and in frequency multiplication
The output end of device integrates Terahertz coupler circuit, so that debugging port is drawn, it is convenient that the output power of frequency multiplier is adjusted
Examination, guarantees that frequency mixer obtains suitable driving power.Meanwhile multiple functions are integrated in the same cavity, are greatly reduced
The volume of circuit, realizes miniaturization while can effectively simplify circuit design and processing, and save the cost reduces internal loss.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. adjustable Terahertz minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that by being integrated in same metal cavity
Frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, coupler circuit, subharmonic mixer circuit and Terahertz cavity body filter circuit four
Part forms, wherein oscillating driving signal carries out frequency multiplication by the frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit, and the signal after frequency multiplication enters
Coupler circuit carries out coupling output, provides local oscillator driving for subharmonic mixer circuit;Subharmonic mixer circuit mixing produces
Raw radiofrequency signal is via Terahertz cavity body filter circuit output.
2. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 1 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that institute
Frequency mixer local oscillator drive source circuit is stated using Terahertz frequency tripler, including frequency multiplier local oscillator input port (1), frequency multiplier direct current
Biasing circuit (2), frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter (3), frequency multiplier diode pair (4) and frequency multiplier radio frequency output port (5);
Oscillating driving signal is entered by frequency multiplier local oscillator input port (1), is loaded into frequency multiplication by frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter (3)
Device diode pair (4) carries out frequency multiplication, and the signal after frequency multiplication enters coupler circuit by frequency multiplier radio frequency output port (5).
3. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 2 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that institute
Presence of the frequency multiplier radio frequency output signal due to frequency multiplier local oscillator low-pass filter (3) is stated without letting out from frequency multiplier local oscillator port
Leakage, to realize the isolation between two ports, the frequency multiplier DC bias circuit (2) is drawn with frequency multiplier circuit itself by Liang Shi
Line connection.
4. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 2 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that institute
Stating coupler circuit includes coupler input (6), coupler match end (7), coupler debugging end (8) and coupler output
(9);Signal after frequency multiplication enters the coupler input (6) in coupler circuit, is divided by coupler output (9) output humorous
Wave mixing device circuit provides local oscillator driving;Small part energy is coupled out by coupler debugging end (8) output, output power can
It surveys, and then the signal power of coupler output (9) can be calculated by the degree of coupling of coupler, realize adjustable.
5. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 4 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that institute
Coupler circuit is stated using 3 branch's wave directional couplers, four fillets (15) are additionally milled out in 3 branch's cable architectures.
6. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 4 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that institute
Stating subharmonic mixer circuit includes mixer input (10), mixer diode to (11), mixer intermediate-frequency low-pass filtering
Device (12) and frequency mixer RF output end (13);The intermediate-freuqncy signal and local oscillation signal of frequency mixer are respectively from mixer intermediate-frequency low pass filtered
Wave device (12) and mixer input (10) feed-in, are loaded into mixer diode to being mixed on (11), wherein frequency mixer
The radiofrequency signal that diode pair (11) mixing generates is exported by frequency mixer RF output end (13).
7. adjustable Terahertz according to claim 6 minimizes multifunctional unit radio-frequency front-end, which is characterized in that by
It is lower than frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port waveguide cutoff frequency in frequency mixer local oscillation signal frequency, so frequency mixer local oscillation signal will not be from mixed
The leakage of frequency device prevention at radio-frequency port, and frequency mixer radiofrequency signal is since the presence of frequency mixer local oscillator low-pass filter is without from frequency mixer
Local oscillator port leakage, to realize the isolation between two ports.
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CN111900931A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-11-06 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Broadband terahertz fourth harmonic mixing circuit, mixer and method |
CN113659410A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 中电科思仪科技股份有限公司 | Terahertz signal generation system and method |
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Application publication date: 20190412 |