CN107363422B - 激光加工装置 - Google Patents

激光加工装置 Download PDF

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CN107363422B
CN107363422B CN201710280950.8A CN201710280950A CN107363422B CN 107363422 B CN107363422 B CN 107363422B CN 201710280950 A CN201710280950 A CN 201710280950A CN 107363422 B CN107363422 B CN 107363422B
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桐原直俊
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Abstract

本发明提供一种激光加工装置,在实施在晶片上形成盾构隧道的激光加工时,不会损害形成在晶片上的器件。激光加工装置的激光振荡器生成由多个次脉冲构成的突发脉冲。多个次脉冲以从低能量依次变化成高能量的方式生成,对晶片照射突发脉冲,由此,形成从晶片的正面到背面的、由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。

Description

激光加工装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光加工装置,其实施使晶片的分割预定线成为分割起点的激光加工。
背景技术
由分割预定线划分而在正面上形成有IC、LSI、LED、SAW器件、功率器件等多个器件的晶片通过激光加工装置被分割成各个器件芯片,分割得到的器件芯片被利用于手机、个人电脑、照明设备等电子设备中(例如,参照专利文献1。)。
激光加工装置大致构成为包含:对被加工物进行保持的卡盘工作台;具有对保持在该卡盘工作台上的被加工物照射激光光线的聚光器的激光光线照射单元;以及对该卡盘工作台与该激光光线照射单元相对地进行加工进给的加工进给单元,该激光加工装置能够通过沿着晶片的分割预定线高精度地照射激光光线从而实施分割加工。
激光加工装置分为如上述专利文献1所公开的照射对于被加工物具有吸收性的波长的激光光线来对正面实施烧蚀加工的类型和将具有透过性的波长的激光光线的聚光点定位于被加工物的内部而对被加工物进行照射从而形成改质层的类型(例如,参照专利文献2)。
然而,在上述任意一个类型中,为了以良好的品质来切断晶片,必须沿着分割预定线多次照射激光光线,存在生产率差的问题。因此,本申请人开发了下述技术并已经进行了申请(例如,参照专利文献3。):形成从分割预定线的正面到背面由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。
专利文献1:日本特开平10-305420号公报
专利文献2:日本特许第3408805号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2014-221483号公报
虽然根据上述专利文献3所公开的技术,能够形成从晶片的分割预定线的正面到背面由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道,能够形成作为分割起点的脆弱部,但是,已明确存在下述的问题:在从晶片的背面照射激光光线来形成盾构隧道时,从激光光线照射单元照射的激光光线的一部分到达晶片的正面的形成有器件的层(epitaxial层:外延层),对形成在正面侧的器件造成损害,使器件的品质降低。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其主要的技术课题在于提供一种激光加工装置,该激光加工装置在实施形成从晶片的分割预定线的正面到背面由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道的激光加工时,不会对形成在晶片上的器件造成损害。
根据本发明,提供一种激光加工装置,其中,该激光加工装置具有:卡盘工作台,其对晶片进行保持;激光光线照射单元,其对保持在该卡盘工作台上的晶片照射激光光线;以及加工进给单元,其对该卡盘工作台与该激光光线照射单元相对地进行加工进给,该激光光线照射单元包含:激光振荡器,其振荡出脉冲激光光线;以及聚光器,其对该激光振荡器振荡出的脉冲激光光线进行会聚而对保持在该卡盘工作台上的晶片进行照射,该激光振荡器振荡出的脉冲激光光线由突发脉冲构成,该突发脉冲由多个次脉冲构成,对晶片照射该突发脉冲而形成由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。
优选该激光振荡器以从低能量依次变化成高能量的方式生成构成所述突发脉冲的多个次脉冲。对晶片照射由这样构成的突发脉冲构成的脉冲激光光线,有效地形成从晶片的正面到背面的、由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。
根据本发明的激光加工装置,激光振荡器振荡出的脉冲激光光线由突发脉冲构成,该突发脉冲由多个次脉冲构成,对晶片照射由这样构成的突发脉冲构成的脉冲激光光线而形成由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。因此,照射到晶片的每1个脉冲的能量被分散成多个次脉冲,由激光光线施加的能量的绝大部分被使用于盾构隧道的形成,抑制了漏光的发生,因此,不会对形成在晶片上的器件造成损害,能够解决器件的品质低下的问题。
此外,在照射激光光线时,该激光振荡器以从低能量变化成高能量的方式生成构成突发脉冲的次脉冲,如果对晶片照射由该次脉冲从低能量变化成高能量的突发脉冲构成的脉冲激光光线,那么盾构隧道更加缓慢地形成,能量大部分都被有效地使用于盾构隧道的形成,能够进一步减少漏光,能够可靠地解决器件的品质下降的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式的具有激光束照射单元的激光加工装置的立体图。
图2的(a)是示出激光光线照射单元的概略情况的框图,图2的(b)是示出由多个次脉冲构成的突发脉冲的时间变化的图表。
图3是对在框架上保持要在图1的激光加工装置中进行加工的晶片的工序进行说明的立体图。
图4的(a)是示出激光加工工序的立体图,图4的(b)是形成了多个盾构隧道的晶片的剖视图,图4的(c)是1个盾构隧道的示意性立体图。
标号说明
10:晶片;12:分割预定线;14:器件;40:激光加工装置;44:激光光线照射单元;44b:激光振荡器;441:激光光源;442:声光调制器(AOM);443:阻尼器;444:放大器;445:AOM控制器;44a:聚光器;100:盾构隧道;BP:突发脉冲。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图对本发明的激光加工装置及其作用进行详细说明。
在图1中示出根据本发明构成的用于实施激光加工的激光加工装置40的整体立体图。图中所示的激光加工装置40构成为,具有基台41、对晶片进行保持的保持机构42、使保持机构42移动的移动单元43、对保持在保持机构42上的晶片10照射激光光线的激光光线照射单元44、拍摄单元45以及后述的由计算机构成的控制器20(参照图2),通过该控制器20对各单元进行控制。
保持机构42包含:在X方向上移动自如地搭载在基台41上的矩形的X方向可动板51;在Y方向上移动自如地搭载在X方向可动板51上的矩形的Y方向可动板53;固定在Y方向可动板53的上表面上的圆筒状的支柱50;以及固定在支柱50的上端的矩形的罩板52。在罩板52上形成有在Y方向上延伸的长孔52a。在通过长孔52a向上方延伸的作为对圆形的被加工物进行保持的保持单元的卡盘工作台54的上表面上,配置有由具有通气性的多孔性材料形成并且实质上水平延伸的圆形的吸附卡盘56。吸附卡盘56借助通过支柱50的流路而与未图示的吸引单元连接。在卡盘工作台54的周缘,在周向上隔开间隔地配置有多个夹具58。需要说明的是,X方向是图1中箭头X所示的方向,Y方向是图1中箭头Y所示的方向并且是与X方向垂直的方向。X方向、Y方向所规定的平面是实质上水平的。
移动单元43包含X方向移动单元60、Y方向移动单元65以及未图示的旋转单元。X方向移动单元60具有在基台41上沿X方向延伸的滚珠丝杠60b和与滚珠丝杠60b的一端部连结的电动机60a。滚珠丝杠60b的未图示的螺母部被固定在X方向可动板51的下表面上。并且,X方向移动单元60利用滚珠丝杠60b将电动机60a的旋转运动转换成直线运动并传递到X方向可动板51,使X方向可动板51沿着基台41上的导轨43a在X方向上进退。Y方向移动单元65具有在X方向可动板51上沿Y方向延伸的滚珠丝杠65b和与滚珠丝杠65b的一端部连结的电动机65a。滚珠丝杠65b的未图示的螺母部固定在Y方向可动板53的下表面上。并且,Y方向移动单元65利用滚珠丝杠65b将电动机65a的旋转运动转换成直线运动并传递到Y方向可动板53,使Y方向可动板53沿着X方向可动板51上的导轨51a在Y方向上进退。旋转单元内置于支柱50,使吸附卡盘56相对于支柱50旋转。
如上所述,本实施方式中的激光加工装置40具有控制器20,该控制器20由计算机构成,并具有:中央运算处理器(CPU),其根据控制程序来进行运算处理;只读存储器(ROM),其对控制程序等进行储存;能够读写的随机存取存储器(RAM),其用于对检测出的检测值、运算结果等进行暂时储存;以及输入接口和输出接口(省略了其详细的图示)。对于该控制器的输入接口,除了来自拍摄单元45的图像信号以外,还输入来自保持机构42的未图示的X方向、Y方向的位置检测单元的信号等。此外,从该输出接口朝向后述的激光光线照射单元44、X方向移动单元60、Y方向移动单元65等发送动作信号。
激光光线照射单元44内置于从基台41的上表面向上方延伸然后实质上水平延伸的壳体46,该激光光线照射单元44具有用于沿着作为被加工物的晶片10的分割预定线形成由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道的结构。更加具体来说,如图2的(a)所示,本发明的激光光线照射单元44具有:激光振荡器44b;反射板44c,其使从该激光振荡器44b输出的脉冲激光光线发生反射;以及聚光器44a,其具有聚光透镜446,该聚光透镜446对借助反射板44c改变了光路的脉冲激光光线进行会聚并照射到晶片10上。
该激光振荡器44b具有:激光光源441,其以作为seed光(种子光)的低输出振荡出高频的脉冲激光光线;声光调制器(Acoust-Optic Modulator:以下,称为“AOM”。)442,从激光光源441振荡出的高频的脉冲激光光线入射到该声光调制器442;阻尼器443,其吸收借助AOM 442的光栅作用被间疏的脉冲激光光线;以及放大器444,其以能够形成盾构隧道的方式对通过了AOM 442的高频脉冲的输出进行放大。该AOM 442通过光栅的作用将该入射脉冲激光光线按照规定的重复频率以规定的脉冲数进行间疏,并输出脉冲激光光线,该脉冲激光光线由将多个高频脉冲(在本实施方式中为5个脉冲,以下,称为“次脉冲”。)作为一个单位的脉冲(以下,称为“突发脉冲(burst pulse)”。)构成。
AOM 442例如具有由亚碲酸系玻璃构成的声光介质,在该声光介质上粘接有未图示的压电元件。当由压电元件对该声光介质传递超声波振动时,该声光介质产生由光弹性效果实现的光栅作用,其上连接有用于使AOM 442的压电元件产生任意的超声波振动的AOM控制器445。并且,通过对AOM控制器445进行控制,能够以任意数量形成透过AOM 442的次脉冲。此外,在本实施方式中,如图2的(b)所示,以如下方式设定:在AOM 442的作用的基础上,通过放大器444的作用,以使构成1个突发脉冲(BP)的该5个次脉冲各自的输出(P)阶段性地从低能量逐渐变化成高能量的方式进行放大并输出,并且按照将该突发脉冲作为1个脉冲的重复频率来输出能够形成盾构隧道的脉冲激光光线。上述的激光光源441、AOM 442、放大器444由激光加工装置40所具有的控制器20适当控制。
按照顺序对基于本发明构成的激光加工装置40的作用进行说明。首先,如图3所示,准备例如包含铌酸锂(LiNbO3)作为基板的晶片10。在该晶片10的正面10a侧,由排列成格子状的多条分割预定线14划分有多个区域,在该划分出的区域中形成有SAW器件12。在本实施方式中,为了从作为被加工物的晶片10的背面10b侧照射用于在晶片10的内部形成分割起点的激光光线,使晶片10的背面10b侧朝向上方而将晶片10定位于环状的框架F的开口部,在粘接带T上粘贴晶片10的表面10a侧,并且将粘接带T的外周部安装在环状的框架F上,由此,晶片10借助粘接带T被框架F支承。在激光加工装置40的卡盘工作台54的吸附卡盘56上,使粘接带T侧朝下,也就是说使正面10a侧朝下而载置该晶片10,通过夹具58对环状的框架F进行保持,并且使未图示的吸引单元进行动作,使负压作用于吸附卡盘56从而对晶片10进行吸引保持。
在吸附卡盘56上吸引保持了晶片10之后,使X方向移动单元60、Y方向移动单元65进行动作,使卡盘工作台54移动而将晶片10定位于拍摄单元45的正下方。当卡盘工作台54被定位于拍摄单元45的正下方时,通过拍摄单元45和控制器20来执行对晶片10的待激光加工区域进行检测的对准工序。即,拍摄单元45和控制器20执行图案匹配等图像处理而进行激光光线照射位置的对准,其中,该图案匹配等图像处理用于进行形成在晶片10的规定的方向上的分割预定线12与沿着与分割预定线12对应的位置照射激光光线的激光光线照射单元44的聚光器44a的对位。需要说明的是,沿着形成在与该规定的方向垂直的方向上的分割预定线12也执行同样的对准工序。
在实施了上述的对准工序之后,将卡盘工作台54移动至聚光器44a所处的激光光线照射区域,并将形成在第1方向上的规定的分割预定线12的一端定位于聚光器44a的正下方。然后,使未图示的聚光点位置调整单元进行动作而使聚光器44a沿着光轴方向移动,将聚光点定位于构成晶片10的钽酸锂基板的内部的规定的位置。
在进行了上述聚光点的定位之后,如图4的(a)所示,使激光光线照射单元44进行动作,从激光振荡器44b照射用于在晶片10内形成盾构隧道100的脉冲激光光线。该脉冲激光光线被聚光器44a会聚而照射到晶片10的分割预定线12的一端部。当激光光线的照射开始时,使X方向移动单元60进行动作,使卡盘工作台54在图4的箭头X1所示的方向上相对移动,由此,沿着分割预定线12照射该激光光线。由此,沿着分割预定线12,连续形成从正面到背面由在上下方向上延伸的细孔102和对该细孔102进行盾构的非晶质104构成的盾构隧道100(参照图4的(b))。使该激光光线照射单元44、卡盘工作台54、X方向移动单元60以及Y方向移动单元65按照控制器20的控制程序进行动作,沿着形成于晶片10的全部分割预定线12形成与上述相同的盾构隧道100。在通过这样完成了形成盾构隧道的工序结束之后,输送到对晶片10施加外力而分离成各个器件14的分离工序。需要说明的是,关于该分离工序,其不构成本发明的主要部分,并且能够使用公知的分离单元(例如,参照上述专利文献3的图8及其说明),因此,省略其详细说明。
需要说明的是,形成上述盾构隧道的加工中的激光加工条件例如以如下方式设定。需要说明的是,下述的“脉冲激光光线的波长”是将由多个次脉冲构成的突发脉冲作为1个脉冲的情况下的脉冲激光光线的波长。
脉冲激光光线的波长:1030nm
激光光源的振荡频率:10MHz
构成突发脉冲的次脉冲个数:5个
脉冲激光光线的重复频率:50kHz
放大后的平均输出:3W
光斑直径:
Figure BDA0001279480070000071
聚光透镜的数值孔径/晶片的折射率:0.05~0.20
X方向加工进给速度:500mm/秒
盾构隧道尺寸:
Figure BDA0001279480070000072
的细孔、
Figure BDA0001279480070000073
的非晶质
本发明通过上述方式构成,利用由多个次脉冲构成的一个突发脉冲形成一个盾构隧道,因此,与利用1次脉冲施加较大的能量来形成盾构隧道的情况相比,能够抑制由于漏光等的作用对形成在外延层上的器件造成损害。特别是,在上述实施方式中,以从低能量变化成高能量的方式生成构成一个突发脉冲的多个次脉冲,将由该突发脉冲构成的脉冲激光光线照射到晶片上,由此能够更加可靠地避免对外延层造成损害。
需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,能够包含各种各样的变形例。在上述实施方式中,示出了作为被加工物的晶片的基板采用钽酸锂的例子,但是并不限定于此,只要是铌酸锂、碳化硅(SiC)等能够形成盾构隧道的材料的话,便能够采用任意的材料。此外,在从激光光源振荡出的高频脉冲中抽出多个脉冲而生成由该多个次脉冲构成的突发脉冲时,使用了声光调制器AOM,但是,并不限定于此,作为从激光光源振荡出的高频的脉冲中按照规定的重复频率对脉冲进行间疏的单元,也能够采用光电调制器(EOM)、或者激光遮板等公知的方法。

Claims (1)

1.一种激光加工装置,其中,
该激光加工装置具有:
卡盘工作台,其对晶片进行保持;
激光光线照射单元,其对保持在该卡盘工作台上的晶片照射激光光线;以及
加工进给单元,其对该卡盘工作台与该激光光线照射单元相对地进行加工进给,
该激光光线照射单元包含:
激光振荡器,其振荡出脉冲激光光线;以及
聚光器,其对该激光振荡器振荡出的脉冲激光光线进行会聚而对保持在该卡盘工作台上的晶片进行照射,
该激光振荡器振荡出的脉冲激光光线由突发脉冲构成,该突发脉冲由多个次脉冲构成,该激光振荡器以从低能量变化成高能量的方式生成构成该突发脉冲的该次脉冲,该脉冲激光光线的聚光点定位于晶片的内部而进行照射,从该晶片的正面到背面形成由细孔和围绕该细孔的非晶质构成的盾构隧道。
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