CN107362144B - 一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,包括鲁拉西酮、脂质体载体、抗氧化剂以及冻干保护剂,所述脂质体载体包括磷脂、胆固醇以及脑靶向辅料,所述磷脂选用1‑棕榈酰基‑2‑亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱或(2,3‑二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵,所述脑靶向辅料为葡萄糖‑甘氨酸‑聚乙二醇偶联物;所述鲁拉西酮、所述脂质体载体、所述抗氧化剂以及所述冻干保护剂的质量用量比为1:10~100:0.5~5:30~100;所述磷脂、所述胆固醇以及所述脑靶向辅料的质量用量比为40~100:10~50:5~10。该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂具有稳定性高、体内循环时间长、靶向性高及毒副作用小的特点。本发明还公开了一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,方法简单实用,适合于工业化大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及的是一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
盐酸鲁拉西酮是由日本住友制药公司研制的一种非典型性抗精神病药,适用于精神分裂症患者的治疗,于2010年在美国批准上市,以片剂形式在市场销售。目前已在国内上市,但未见其有脂质体注射剂剂型的相关报道。
对于精神病患者而言,片剂形式的药物具有吞咽困难的缺点,从而导致病人顺应性差,甚至出现咳呛或噎食等危及生命的可能,而注射剂剂型不具有该缺点。普通鲁拉西酮注射剂的物理和化学稳定性较差,长期存放后药品质量下降,稳定性未能达到注射剂的要求;且在体内半衰期短,生物利用度低,更可能对人体产生毒副作用,给临床使用留下隐患。
脂质体可通过被动转运途径与脑血管内皮细胞膜发生融合或通过内吞途径将药物转运至脑实质,但普通脂质体在体内先迅速被肝、脾和骨髓等组织的网状内皮系统吞噬从而无法到达靶位。通过在脂质体表面修饰聚乙二醇(PEG)链形成的空间稳定脂质体可以避免被吞噬细胞识别,从而延长脂质体的血液循环时间,但由于血-脑屏障 (BBB)的存在,脑部给药困难,单纯使用PEG修饰的脂质体无法穿过BBB。因此,现有的盐酸鲁拉西酮剂型存在不易吞服、顺应性差、半衰期短及无靶向性等缺陷。BBB上存在着大量的转运通道蛋白,如转铁蛋白受体、葡萄糖转运蛋白等,其中葡萄糖转运蛋白 (GLUT1)是BBB中最高效的转运体。利用GLUT1转运体的介导作用,将聚乙二醇脂质体与葡萄糖分子偶联,可实现脂质体跨BBB转运,选用葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物修饰的脂质体透过血脑屏障能力远大于聚乙二醇修饰的脂质体。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种稳定性高、体内循环时间长、靶向性高及毒副作用小的鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法。
为了达成上述目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,包括鲁拉西酮、脂质体载体、抗氧化剂以及冻干保护剂,所述脂质体载体包括磷脂、胆固醇以及脑靶向辅料,所述磷脂选用1-棕榈酰基-2-亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱或(2,3- 二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵,所述脑靶向辅料为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物;
所述鲁拉西酮、所述脂质体载体、所述抗氧化剂以及所述冻干保护剂的质量用量比为1:10~100:0.5~5:30~100;
所述磷脂、所述胆固醇以及所述脑靶向辅料的质量用量比为 40~100:10~50:5~10。
所述鲁拉西酮与所述磷脂的最佳质量用量比为1:10,所述磷脂与所述胆固醇的最佳质量用量比为8:1,所述磷脂与所述脑靶向辅料的最佳质量用量比为20:1,所述鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂中,所述抗氧化剂的最佳含量为2%。
所述葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物中聚乙二醇的分子量为 800~5000。
所述葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇 1000。
所述抗氧化剂选用2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯以及乙氧基喹啉中的一种或几种,所述冻干保护剂选用半胱氨酰甘氨酸、侧金盏花醇、三聚磷酸钾以及六偏磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取处方量的磷脂、胆固醇、脑靶向辅料和抗氧化剂,溶于氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于pH=3.5、0.05mol/L的甘氨酸钠溶液中,然后逐滴滴入溶解有磷脂、胆固醇、脑靶向辅料和抗氧化剂的氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,高压均质,形成W/O型乳剂,其中,所述磷脂选用1-棕榈酰基-2-亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱或(2,3-二油氧基丙基) 三甲基氯化铵,所述脑靶向辅料为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的所述W/O型乳剂转移至圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1进行减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将pH=3.5、0.05mol/L 甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的所述脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min,高压均质3次,用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50 层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向步骤(3)所得的所述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入处方量的冻干保护剂,300W探头超声10min,采用0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH至 6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得的所述鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,用注射用水定容,分装,冷冻干燥26h,即得成品。
步骤(1)中,所述高压均质为,在60MPa下均质3次,在160 MPa下均质3次。
步骤(3)中,所述高压均质为,在160MPa下均质3次。
步骤(4)中,所述超声过程为,每次超声10s,间隔5s,再超声10s,如此重复进行10min。
步骤(5)中,所述冷冻干燥为,在-50℃预冻10h,接着在1min 内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,最后在1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,包封率高,渗漏率低,保证了产品质量;加入了脑靶向辅料葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物后,所制得的鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体相比于现有剂型进一步延长了药物在体内的循环时间,可透过血脑屏障向脑部给药,有利于药物的缓释和疗效提高;靶向输送药物,在保证药物作用的前提下可减少给药剂量,降低了毒副作用,提高了注射剂的产品质量,具有良好的稳定性,制备和储存过程中脂质体不会因脱水、融合等发生破裂,长期储存后,脂质体同样保持良好的包封率和较低的渗漏率。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法简单实用,适合于工业化大规模生产。
进一步,本发明采用L9(34)正交设计进行处方筛选,以于鲁拉西酮与磷脂的用量比(即药/脂比)(m/m)、磷脂与脑靶向辅料的用量比(m/m)、磷脂与胆固醇的用量比(m/m)、抗氧化剂的用量为考察因素(具体设定见表1),以包封率和粒径为评价指标。
表1 因素水平表
按正交设计表中的设计的比例,制备各鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,进行包封率测试和粒径测量,试验结果如表2、表3和表4。根据正交设计实验直观分析结果和方差分析结果可以看出,各因素对包封率的影响大小排序为C>D>A>B,其中因素C影响显著,最佳工艺条件为A2B2C3D3;各因素对粒径影响大小排序为A>B>C>D,最佳工艺条件为A2B2C1D3。
综上所述,得出理论最佳工艺条件为A2B2C3D3,即最佳处方为所述鲁拉西酮与所述磷脂的最佳质量用量比为1:10,所述磷脂与所述脑靶向辅料的最佳质量用量比为20:1,所述磷脂与所述胆固醇的最佳质量用量比为8:1,所述鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂中,所述抗氧化剂的最佳含量为2%。
表2 鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体处方筛选L9(34)正交设计实验表
注:K1、K2、K3为包封率指标;L1、L2、L3为粒径指标。
表3 包封率方差分析表
*P<0.05,误差在此列为药脂比
表4 粒径方差分析表
*误差在此列为药脂比
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案,下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
实施例1
一、处方配比(100ml容量)
二、制备方法
(1)取处方量的(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵、胆固醇、(-)- 表儿茶素没食子酸酯和葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000,溶于30ml氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2:1)混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,然后将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于10ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L 甘氨酸钠溶液中,逐滴滴入到上述氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,60MPa下均质3次,160MPa下均质3次,形成W/O型乳剂;
(2)将所得W/O型乳剂转移至300ml圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将30ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min, 160MPa下均质3次,然后采用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向上述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入5000mg侧金盏花醇,300W 探头超声10min(期间每次超声10s,间隔5s),以0.1mol/L NaOH 调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,然后采用注射用水定容至100ml,分装,最后-50℃预冻 10h,1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h后,即得成品。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用纯化水稀释复溶后,测其粒径和包封率分别为117.4nm和96.2%。
实施例2
一、处方配比(100ml容量)
二、制备方法
(1)取处方量的(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵、胆固醇、(-)- 表儿茶素没食子酸酯和葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000,溶于30ml氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2:1)混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,然后将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于10ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L 甘氨酸钠溶液中,逐滴滴入到上述氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,60MPa下均质3次,160MPa下均质3次,形成W/O型乳剂;
(2)将所得W/O型乳剂转移至300ml圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将30ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min, 160MPa下均质3次,然后采用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向上述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入5000mg侧金盏花醇,300W 探头超声10min(期间每次超声10s,间隔5s),以0.1mol/L NaOH 调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,然后采用注射用水定容至100ml,分装,最后-50℃预冻 10h,1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h后,即得成品。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用纯化水稀释复溶后,测其粒径和包封率分别为112.7nm和91.5%。
实施例3
一、处方配比(100ml容量)
二、制备方法
(1)取处方量的(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵、胆固醇、(-)- 表儿茶素没食子酸酯和葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000,溶于30ml氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2:1)混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,然后将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于10ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L 甘氨酸钠溶液中,逐滴滴入到上述氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,60MPa下均质3次,160MPa下均质3次,形成W/O型乳剂;
(2)将所得W/O型乳剂转移至300ml圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将30ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min, 160MPa下均质3次,然后采用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向上述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入5000mg侧金盏花醇,300W 探头超声10min(期间每次超声10s,间隔5s),以0.1mol/L NaOH 调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,然后采用注射用水定容至100ml,分装,最后-50℃预冻 10h,1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h后,即得成品。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用纯化水稀释复溶后,测其粒径和包封率分别为122.1nm和88.1%。
实施例4
一、处方配比(100ml容量)
二、制备方法
(1)取处方量的(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵、胆固醇、2,6- 二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000,溶于30ml氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2:1)混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,然后将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于10ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L 甘氨酸钠溶液中,逐滴滴入到上述氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,60MPa下均质3次,160MPa下均质3次,形成W/O型乳剂;
(2)将所得W/O型乳剂转移至300ml圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将30ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min, 160MPa下均质3次,然后采用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向上述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入5000mg半胱氨酰甘氨酸, 300W探头超声10min(期间每次超声10s,间隔5s),以0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,然后采用注射用水定容至100ml,分装,最后-50℃预冻 10h,1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h后,即得成品。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用纯化水稀释复溶后,测其粒径和包封率分别为132.4nm和86.1%。
实施例5
一、处方配比(100ml容量)
二、制备方法
(1)取处方量的(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵、胆固醇、乙氧基喹啉和葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000,溶于30ml氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2:1)混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,然后将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于10ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠溶液中,逐滴滴入到上述氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,60MPa 下均质3次,160MPa下均质3次,形成W/O型乳剂;
(2)将所得W/O型乳剂转移至300ml圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将30ml、pH=3.5的0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min, 160MPa下均质3次,然后采用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向上述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入5000mg三聚磷酸钾,300W 探头超声10min(期间每次超声10s,间隔5s),以0.1mol/L NaOH 调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,然后采用注射用水定容至100ml,分装,最后-50℃预冻 10h,1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h后,即得成品。
该鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用纯化水稀释复溶后,测其粒径和包封率分别为130.1nm和87.3%。
试验例1
本发明鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂与市售鲁拉西酮片剂的药动学考察
将实施例1-5制备得到的鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂用0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释,活性物质浓度为7mg/ml,分别标记为样品1、样品2、样品3、样品4和样品5。市售片剂用0.9%氯化钠溶液溶解,活性物质浓度为7mg/ml,标记为样品6。
将上述样品1~5通过大鼠尾静脉给药(n=6),样品6通过大鼠灌胃给药,分别于给药前后0h、0.25h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、10 h、12h、18h、24h大鼠眼眶取血0.5ml至1.5ml离心管中,肝素抗凝。4℃,10000rpm离心分离血浆。上述含药血浆经处理后,用 HPLC/MS测定血浆浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线。试验结果见表5 所示。
表5 鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的药动学参数
表5试验结果表明,本发明的鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,经尾静脉给药后,在大鼠体内的滞留时间(t1/2)是市售片剂的5倍左右,血浆清除率(CL)较后者提高了两倍以上,说明半衰期明显延长;血浆曲线下面积(AUC)较后者提高了2倍以上,说明生物利用度显著提高。
试验例2 本发明鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的稳定性试验考察
表6 鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的稳定性试验结果
表6试验结果显示,根据本发明提供的处方和制备方法,可以得到包封率高、稳定性良好的鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂。
上述实施例并非限定本发明的产品形态和式样,任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰,皆应视为不脱离本发明的专利范畴。
Claims (7)
1.一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,由鲁拉西酮、脂质体载体、抗氧化剂以及冻干保护剂组成,所述脂质体载体包括磷脂、胆固醇以及脑靶向辅料,其特征在于:所述磷脂选用1-棕榈酰基-2-亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱或(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵,所述脑靶向辅料为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物;
所述鲁拉西酮、所述脂质体载体、所述抗氧化剂以及所述冻干保护剂的质量用量比为1:10~100:0.5~5:30~100;
所述磷脂、所述胆固醇以及所述脑靶向辅料的质量用量比为40~100:10~50:5~10;
所述葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇1000;所述抗氧化剂选用2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯以及乙氧基喹啉中的一种或几种,所述冻干保护剂选用半胱氨酰甘氨酸、侧金盏花醇、三聚磷酸钾以及六偏磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂,其特征在于:所述鲁拉西酮与所述磷脂的最佳质量用量比为1:10,所述磷脂与所述胆固醇的最佳质量用量比为8:1,所述磷脂与所述脑靶向辅料的最佳质量用量比为20:1,所述鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂中,所述抗氧化剂的含量为2%。
3.制备如权利要求1所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)取处方量的磷脂、胆固醇、脑靶向辅料和抗氧化剂,溶于氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌至完全溶解,将处方量的鲁拉西酮溶于pH=3.5、0.05mol/L的甘氨酸钠溶液中,然后逐滴滴入溶解有磷脂、胆固醇、脑靶向辅料和抗氧化剂的氯仿-甲醇混合溶剂中,滴加完毕后,高压均质,形成W/O型乳剂,其中,所述磷脂选用1-棕榈酰基-2-亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱或(2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵,所述脑靶向辅料为葡萄糖-甘氨酸-聚乙二醇偶联物;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的所述W/O型乳剂转移至圆底烧瓶中,于50℃水浴温度下55r·min-1进行减压旋转蒸发以除去有机溶剂,直至在圆底烧瓶的瓶壁上形成均匀的磷脂膜,然后将pH=3.5、0.05mol/L甘氨酸钠缓冲液加入至圆底烧瓶中进行常压旋转以冲洗磷脂膜,直至磷脂膜完全脱落,得到均匀的脂质体混悬液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的所述脂质体混悬液置于37℃恒温水浴振荡器中振摇30min,高压均质3次,用生理盐水在Sephadex G-50层析柱内洗脱3次,除去未包封的鲁拉西酮,得到鲁拉西酮脂质体;
(4)向步骤(3)所得的所述鲁拉西酮脂质体中加入处方量的冻干保护剂,300W探头超声10min,采用0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH至6.5,37℃水浴30min,得鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体;
(5)将所得的所述鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌2次,用注射用水定容,分装,冷冻干燥26h,即得成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述高压均质为,在60MPa下均质3次,在160MPa下均质3次。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述高压均质为,在160MPa下均质3次。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述超声过程为,每次超声10s,间隔5s,再超声10s,如此重复进行10min。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种鲁拉西酮脑靶向脂质体注射剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述冷冻干燥为,在-50℃预冻10h,接着在1min内升温至-10℃真空保温干燥10h,最后在1min内升温至25℃真空保温干燥6h。
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