CN107354731A - 改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺 - Google Patents

改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN107354731A
CN107354731A CN201710619693.6A CN201710619693A CN107354731A CN 107354731 A CN107354731 A CN 107354731A CN 201710619693 A CN201710619693 A CN 201710619693A CN 107354731 A CN107354731 A CN 107354731A
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silk fiber
soak
fiber
silk
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杨双建
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Anhui Sanxin New Fiber Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Sanxin New Fiber Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干。通过前处理工序将蚕丝纤维在浸泡液中浸泡，克服了蚕丝纤维不易长期保存或暴晒，容易引起黄变和脆化的缺陷，制得的蚕丝织物洗涤后再经日晒也不易褪色，能够防止微生物菌类使蚕丝变色，影响丝织物品质，同时纤维的摩擦强度、屈曲强度、伸长疲劳等性能都有显著提升；使用本发明提供的蚕丝纤维制成的织物厚度、紧度显著提高，绒面整齐，外观优美，手感丰满，保暖性好。

Description

改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织纤维技术领域，具体涉及一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺。
背景技术
世界各国都把发展新材料作为发展经济、推动技术进步的重要方面，各种新型纺织纤维用于当今高技术领域的重要材料。目前全球新型纤维产品的市场规模超过千亿美元，已成为纺织行业的新型“战略支柱产业”之一。
新型纺织纤维产业具有技术含量高、市场规模大、产业辐射面广、拉动效应显著等特点。同时，新一代新型纤维技术也是我国“十二五”期间新兴产业发展的重要组成部分，大力发展新型纺织纤维产业，实现关键技术和产业的突破，对于提升我国纺织产业核心竞争力、推动产业转型升级意义重大。目前，新型纤维应用于针织品行业占到80％，应用于家用纺织品占20％。
我国新型纤维不但市场很大，其产品的平均利润率较高，是纯棉产品的1-2倍。由于其主要生产原料是新型纤维，棉花价格的巨幅波动对企业效益的影响基本上可以忽略不计。相关企业应在完善纺织纤维产业链的同时，还需要克服使用传统原料制成的纤维材料中存在的诸多不足。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干；
所述浸泡液由以下重量份的原料组成：
棉籽油5-8份，青蒿提取物1.0-1.8份，甘草1.2-2.0份，油性剂0.8-1.2份，生物质碳0.3-0.7份，乙醇0.5-0.8份，红花油1-3份，异黄酮0.4-1.0份，柠檬酸0.6-1.2份，次氯酸钠0.3-0.5份。
所述油性剂为聚对聚酯型聚氨酯和乙二醇独乙醚混合物。
所述浸泡液呈弱酸性，PH值优选为6.3～6.5。
所述蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡时控制浸泡液温度为25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3h。
所述烘干时温度为25～28℃。
所述后处理工序，包括以下步骤：
(1)将烘干后的蚕丝纤维送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得蚕丝短纤维；
(2)利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中蚕丝短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长；
(3)拉伸后的蚕丝短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制蚕丝短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在0.8～1.2m/min；
(4)利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的蚕丝短纤维进行二道牵伸；
(5)经过第二次牵伸后的蚕丝短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±5℃，时间15分钟；
(6)经过高温蒸汽的蚕丝短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将蚕丝短纤维进行紧张定型；
(7)紧张定型后的蚕丝短纤维输送至蒸汽设备，控制蒸汽温度为160～180℃，蚕丝短纤维以2m/min通过蒸汽设备；
(8)向蚕丝短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(9)将蚕丝短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得蚕丝短纤维松弛热定型；
(10)将烘干后的蚕丝短纤维进行切断、输送。
所述步骤(2)中七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为40～50℃，对牵伸辊上的蚕丝短纤维进行烘干。
所述步骤(4)中七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度为130℃。
所述步骤(9)中控制烘干温度在60℃以上，时间20～30分钟。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)通过前处理工序将蚕丝纤维在浸泡液中浸泡，克服了蚕丝纤维不易长期保存或暴晒，容易引起黄变和脆化的缺陷，制得的蚕丝织物洗涤后再经日晒也不易褪色，能够防止微生物菌类使蚕丝变色，影响丝织物品质，同时纤维的摩擦强度、屈曲强度、伸长疲劳等性能都有显著提升；
(2)通过浸泡液对蚕丝纤维进行改性，使蚕丝纤维具有很好的适酸性，丝纤维慢慢膨润而不被溶解；
(3)制得的蚕丝纤维强度可达为4.0g/D，断裂伸长率在20％以上，并具有优良的弹性；
(4)吸湿性较好，回潮率可达18％；
(5)使用本发明提供的蚕丝纤维制成的织物厚度、紧度显著提高，绒面整齐，外观优美，手感丰满，保暖性好。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干；
所述浸泡液由以下重量份的原料组成：
棉籽油5份，青蒿提取物1.0份，甘草1.2份，油性剂0.8份，生物质碳0.3份，乙醇0.5份，红花油1份，异黄酮0.4份，柠檬酸0.6份，次氯酸钠0.3份。
所述油性剂为聚对聚酯型聚氨酯和乙二醇独乙醚混合物。
所述浸泡液呈弱酸性，PH值优选为6.3～6.5。
所述蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡时控制浸泡液温度为25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3h。
所述烘干时温度为25～28℃。
所述后处理工序，包括以下步骤：
(1)将烘干后的蚕丝纤维送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得蚕丝短纤维；
(2)利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中蚕丝短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长，所述七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为40～50℃，对牵伸辊上的蚕丝短纤维进行烘干；
(3)拉伸后的蚕丝短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制蚕丝短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在0.8～1.2m/min，蚕丝短纤维含油量控制在3％～5％；
(4)利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的蚕丝短纤维进行二道牵伸，七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度为130℃；
(5)经过第二次牵伸后的蚕丝短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±5℃，时间15分钟；
(6)经过高温蒸汽的蚕丝短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将蚕丝短纤维进行紧张定型；
(7)紧张定型后的蚕丝短纤维输送至蒸汽设备，控制蒸汽温度为160～180℃，蚕丝短纤维以2m/min通过蒸汽设备；
(8)向蚕丝短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(9)将蚕丝短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得蚕丝短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在60℃以上，时间20～30分钟；
(10)将烘干后的蚕丝短纤维进行切断、输送。
实施例2
一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干；
所述浸泡液由以下重量份的原料组成：
棉籽油6份，青蒿提取物1.4份，甘草1.6份，油性剂1.0份，生物质碳0.5份，乙醇0.7份，红花油2份，异黄酮0.7份，柠檬酸0.9份，次氯酸钠0.4份。
所述油性剂为聚对聚酯型聚氨酯和乙二醇独乙醚混合物。
所述浸泡液呈弱酸性，PH值优选为6.3～6.5。
所述蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡时控制浸泡液温度为25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3h。
所述烘干时温度为25～28℃。
所述后处理工序，包括以下步骤：
(1)将烘干后的蚕丝纤维送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得蚕丝短纤维；
(2)利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中蚕丝短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长，所述七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为40～50℃，对牵伸辊上的蚕丝短纤维进行烘干；
(3)拉伸后的蚕丝短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制蚕丝短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在0.8～1.2m/min，蚕丝短纤维含油量控制在3％～5％；
(4)利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的蚕丝短纤维进行二道牵伸，七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度为130℃；
(5)经过第二次牵伸后的蚕丝短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±5℃，时间15分钟；
(6)经过高温蒸汽的蚕丝短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将蚕丝短纤维进行紧张定型；
(7)紧张定型后的蚕丝短纤维输送至蒸汽设备，控制蒸汽温度为160～180℃，蚕丝短纤维以2m/min通过蒸汽设备；
(8)向蚕丝短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(9)将蚕丝短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得蚕丝短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在60℃以上，时间20～30分钟；
(10)将烘干后的蚕丝短纤维进行切断、输送。
实施例3
一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干；
所述浸泡液由以下重量份的原料组成：
棉籽油8份，青蒿提取物1.8份，甘草2.0份，油性剂1.2份，生物质碳0.7份，乙醇0.8份，红花油3份，异黄酮1.0份，柠檬酸1.2份，次氯酸钠0.5份。
所述油性剂为聚对聚酯型聚氨酯和乙二醇独乙醚混合物。
所述浸泡液呈弱酸性，PH值优选为6.3～6.5。
所述蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡时控制浸泡液温度为25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3h。
所述烘干时温度为25～28℃。
所述后处理工序，包括以下步骤：
(1)将烘干后的蚕丝纤维送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得蚕丝短纤维；
(2)利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中蚕丝短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长，所述七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为40～50℃，对牵伸辊上的蚕丝短纤维进行烘干；
(3)拉伸后的蚕丝短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制蚕丝短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在0.8～1.2m/min，蚕丝短纤维含油量控制在3％～5％；
(4)利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的蚕丝短纤维进行二道牵伸，七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度为130℃；
(5)经过第二次牵伸后的蚕丝短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±5℃，时间15分钟；
(6)经过高温蒸汽的蚕丝短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将蚕丝短纤维进行紧张定型；
(7)紧张定型后的蚕丝短纤维输送至蒸汽设备，控制蒸汽温度为160～180℃，蚕丝短纤维以2m/min通过蒸汽设备；
(8)向蚕丝短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(9)将蚕丝短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得蚕丝短纤维松弛热定型，控制烘干温度在60℃以上，时间20～30分钟；
(10)将烘干后的蚕丝短纤维进行切断、输送。
将经过实施例1-3处理得到的蚕丝纤维进行检测并与对比例1(普通蚕丝纤维)进行对比，检测数据如下：
实施例 强度(g/D) 断裂伸长率(％) 回潮率(％)
实施例1 4.2 21 19
实施例2 4.3 23 18
实施例3 4.5 22 20
对比例1 3.7 17 15
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，包括前处理工序和后处理工序，所述前处理工序是将蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡，然后从浸泡液中取出进行烘干；
所述浸泡液由以下重量份的原料组成：
棉籽油5-8份，青蒿提取物1.0-1.8份，甘草1.2-2.0份，油性剂0.8-1.2份，生物质碳0.3-0.7份，乙醇0.5-0.8份，红花油1-3份，异黄酮0.4-1.0份，柠檬酸0.6-1.2份，次氯酸钠0.3-0.5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述油性剂为聚对聚酯型聚氨酯和乙二醇独乙醚混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述浸泡液呈弱酸性。
4.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述浸泡液PH值为6.3～6.5。
5.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述蚕丝纤维置于浸泡液中浸泡时控制浸泡液温度为25～30℃，浸泡时间2～3h。
6.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述烘干时温度为25～28℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述后处理工序，包括以下步骤：
(1)将烘干后的蚕丝纤维送入纤维分丝机中进行分丝，得蚕丝短纤维；
(2)利用七辊牵伸机将步骤(1)中蚕丝短纤维进行拉伸，使之具有一定的强力和伸长；
(3)拉伸后的蚕丝短纤维通过装有油体的浸油槽，控制蚕丝短纤维通过浸油槽的速率在0.8～1.2m/min；
(4)利用七辊牵伸机对沾有油体的蚕丝短纤维进行二道牵伸；
(5)经过第二次牵伸后的蚕丝短纤维送入高温蒸汽箱中，控制空气温度120℃±5℃，时间15分钟；
(6)经过高温蒸汽的蚕丝短纤维通过八辊紧张定型装置将蚕丝短纤维进行紧张定型；
(7)紧张定型后的蚕丝短纤维输送至蒸汽设备，控制蒸汽温度为160～180℃，蚕丝短纤维以2m/min通过蒸汽设备；
(8)向蚕丝短纤维表面喷洒油体，消除表面静电；
(9)将蚕丝短纤维送入烘箱中进行烘干，使得蚕丝短纤维松弛热定型；
(10)将烘干后的蚕丝短纤维进行切断、输送。
8.如权利要求7所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中七辊牵伸机下方设置烘干装置，控制烘干温度为40～50℃，对牵伸辊上的蚕丝短纤维进行烘干。
9.如权利要求7所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中七辊牵伸机下方设置蒸汽加热器，加热温度为130℃。
10.如权利要求7所述的改性蚕丝纤维加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤(9)中控制烘干温度在60℃以上，时间20～30分钟。
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