CN107354245B - 一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及滩羊皮清洁化生产技术领域,具体涉及一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,包括如下步骤:(1)前处理;(2)组织固定;(3)鞣制处理;(4)漂白处理;(5)染色处理;(6)废液处理。本发明的鞣制工序和废液处理工序,能够有效保证滩羊皮生产质量和铬的利用效率,通过栲胶与铬反应形成铬酸盐黄酮型聚合物沉淀,利于对生产废液进行铬的过滤清理和废液的回收利用,从而提高废液的清洁效率和回收利用效率,起到较好的清洁环保效果,同时也减少了资源浪费,具有较好的推广使用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及滩羊皮清洁化生产技术领域,具体涉及一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺。
背景技术
滩羊皮是我国传统出口的土特产商品之一,它以皮板结实,轻便保暖,毛橞光润美观,波浪花纹弯曲而驰名中外,是宁夏地区得天独厚的畜牧产资源。
但是,现有的滩羊皮生产工艺,在具体使用过程中,仍然存在如下问题:一方面,滩羊皮鞣制处理中由于主要采用铬鞣法,其产生的铬鞣废液无法有效处理、污染环境;另一方面,染色处理中产生大量含有较高浓度染料的废液也无法进行有效处理、污染环境,且染料的利用率低。
因此,基于上述,本发明提供一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,以解决现有技术存在的滩羊皮生产工艺污染环境、废液处理和利用效率不高的不足和缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于:针对目前存在的上述问题,提供一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,以解决现有技术存在的滩羊皮生产工艺污染环境、废液处理和利用效率不高的不足和缺陷。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:对滩羊皮的边角毛刺进行修剪整理,剔除滩羊皮边角部位的毛刺,然后将滩羊皮的肉质进行刮除和脱脂,盐水浸泡2h-3h;
(2)组织固定:将戊二醛、丙三醇、苯酚以及聚乙二醇按照浓度比为25:53:20:2的比例在35℃~45℃环境下超声震动混合,调整溶液的PH值为9.0~11.0,滩羊皮在该混合溶液中浸泡12h~15h;
(3)鞣制处理:采用转鼓对滩羊皮进行鞣制,鞣制处理的温度为32~35℃,鞣制处理液的PH=5.5~6.0,鞣制处理液中复合鞣剂按10~20g/L的量加入;皮革鞣制过程采用两道鞣制工序:首先采用铬-锌结合鞣制方式,铬-锌试剂的浓度配比为65:35,助鞣剂为邻苯二甲酸-己二酸,鞣制时间为3.5h;然后采用铬-锌-二氧化硅结合鞣制方式,铬-锌-二氧化硅的质量配比为23:55:22,在鞣制过程中添加己二酸-乙二胺作为助鞣剂进行鞣制,鞣制时间为4.5h;
(4)漂白处理:滩羊皮漂白处理所用的漂洗液PH为7.2~7.3,漂洗液包含28~32g/L的次氯酸钠、6~8g/L的焦磷酸钠、12~13ml/L的双氧水、7~9ml/L的氨水以及10~12g/L的氯化钠,漂白处理的时间为0.5~1h;
(5)染色处理:对漂白后的滩羊皮进行染色处理,染色处理包括在低浓度染料的转鼓中进行转鼓初染和对转鼓初染后的滩羊皮进行喷染,转鼓初染的温度为35~40℃,时间45~50min,染浆的PH为4.5~5.0,转鼓染浆中包含0.005~0.006g/L染料、0.05~0.08g/L表面活化剂、8.0~8.5g/L的锌盐、1.5~1.8ml/L季铵盐无醛固色剂;喷染的喷染量为300~350ml/m2;喷染前还对转鼓初染后滩羊皮进行固色处理,所述的固色处理是指向转鼓内加入甲酸进行固色,甲酸在转鼓内染液的含量为0.15~0.2mol/L,固色处理的温度为25~28℃,时间35~38min;
(6)废液处理:在废液中加入中和的荆树皮栲胶,栲胶加入含量为30~40g/L,待栲胶与铬反应1h~2h之后,对废液进行过滤,回收提取废液中的沉淀物,而过滤液则作为鞣制溶液继续使用。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明一方面通过前处理工艺,对滩羊皮进行裁剪修整,能够有效去除毛刺和根据需要获取滩羊皮形状;将肉质刮除并进行脱脂处理,通过盐水对滩羊皮进行浸泡处理,为后续滩羊皮鞣制提供了良好的铺垫。
另一方面,本发明通过组织固定工序,能够有效保证滩羊皮内部的组织成分,避免滩羊皮的内部胶原蛋白流失,保证滩羊皮鞣制之后能够稳定保持形貌和柔软度,保证滩羊皮的整体强度和柔韧性。
再一方面,同时初染和喷染两步操作对滩羊皮进行染色,保证染色均匀,通过铬-锌结合鞣的方式,结合鞣时铬的利用率达90%以上,可减少铬对环境的危害;坯革的拉伸强度、撕裂强度及断裂伸张率都随着锌浓度的增加而上升,坯革物理强度大于常规铬鞣法所得坯革,滩羊皮的柔软度、丰满度以及手感度均较好,而且所得滩羊皮坯革的粒面比常规铬鞣制所得坯革更加细腻平整;采用铬-锌-二氧化硅结合鞣制方式,由于二氧化硅内在胶凝性质可以应用于皮革鞣制,它可以起到类似油脂类润滑助鞣剂,增加皮革柔软度、平滑度的作用,因此借助使用锌-二氧化硅的搭配既减少铬对环境的污染,又对鞣制效果有所改进,综合两道鞣制工艺使滩羊皮的总体性能得到提升的同时,还能够起到提高铬利用率和环保的作用。
再进一步地,本发明的漂白、染色所用的喷涂染料,在保证滩羊皮的漂白效果和染色效果的同时,由于使用低浓度的染料进行转鼓初染,这样在经过固色处理后,转鼓内地染料基本上可完全被滩羊皮所吸净,便于滩羊皮生产中污水的处理,实现滩羊皮的清洁生产。
最后,本发明的废液处理工序,通过栲胶与铬反应形成铬酸盐黄酮型聚合物沉淀,利于对生产废液进行铬的过滤清理和废液的回收利用,从而提高废液的清洁效率和回收利用效率,起到较好的清洁环保效果,同时也减少了资源浪费。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1,如图1所示:
一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:对滩羊皮的边角毛刺进行修剪整理,剔除滩羊皮边角部位的毛刺,然后将滩羊皮的肉质进行刮除和脱脂,盐水浸泡2h-3h;
(2)组织固定:将戊二醛、丙三醇、苯酚以及聚乙二醇按照浓度比为25:53:20:2的比例在35℃~45℃环境下超声震动混合,调整溶液的PH值为9.0~11.0,滩羊皮在该混合溶液中浸泡12h~15h;
(3)鞣制处理:采用转鼓对滩羊皮进行鞣制,鞣制处理的温度为32~35℃,鞣制处理液的PH=5.5~6.0,鞣制处理液中复合鞣剂按10~20g/L的量加入;皮革鞣制过程采用两道鞣制工序:首先采用铬-锌结合鞣制方式,铬-锌试剂的浓度配比为65:35,助鞣剂为邻苯二甲酸-己二酸,鞣制时间为3.5h;然后采用铬-锌-二氧化硅结合鞣制方式,铬-锌-二氧化硅的质量配比为23:55:22,在鞣制过程中添加己二酸-乙二胺作为助鞣剂进行鞣制,鞣制时间为4.5h;
(4)漂白处理:滩羊皮漂白处理所用的漂洗液PH为7.2~7.3,漂洗液包含28~32g/L的次氯酸钠、6~8g/L的焦磷酸钠、12~13ml/L的双氧水、7~9ml/L的氨水以及10~12g/L的氯化钠,漂白处理的时间为0.5~1h;
(5)染色处理:对漂白后的滩羊皮进行染色处理,染色处理包括在低浓度染料的转鼓中进行转鼓初染和对转鼓初染后的滩羊皮进行喷染,转鼓初染的温度为35~40℃,时间45~50min,染浆的PH为4.5~5.0,转鼓染浆中包含0.005~0.006g/L染料、0.05~0.08g/L表面活化剂、8.0~8.5g/L的锌盐、1.5~1.8ml/L季铵盐无醛固色剂;喷染的喷染量为300~350ml/m2;喷染前还对转鼓初染后滩羊皮进行固色处理,所述的固色处理是指向转鼓内加入甲酸进行固色,甲酸在转鼓内染液的含量为0.15~0.2mol/L,固色处理的温度为25~28℃,时间35~38min;
(6)废液处理:在废液中加入中和的荆树皮栲胶,栲胶加入含量为30~40g/L,待栲胶与铬反应1h~2h之后,对废液进行过滤,回收提取废液中的沉淀物,而过滤液则作为鞣制溶液继续使用。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明一方面通过前处理工艺,对滩羊皮进行裁剪修整,能够有效去除毛刺和根据需要获取滩羊皮形状;将肉质刮除并进行脱脂处理,通过盐水对滩羊皮进行浸泡处理,为后续滩羊皮鞣制提供了良好的铺垫。
另一方面,本发明通过组织固定工序,能够有效保证滩羊皮内部的组织成分,避免滩羊皮的内部胶原蛋白流失,保证滩羊皮鞣制之后能够稳定保持形貌和柔软度,保证滩羊皮的整体强度和柔韧性。
再一方面,同时初染和喷染两步操作对滩羊皮进行染色,保证染色均匀,通过铬-锌结合鞣的方式,结合鞣时铬的利用率达90%以上,可减少铬对环境的危害;坯革的拉伸强度、撕裂强度及断裂伸张率都随着锌浓度的增加而上升,坯革物理强度大于常规铬鞣法所得坯革,滩羊皮的柔软度、丰满度以及手感度均较好,而且所得滩羊皮坯革的粒面比常规铬鞣制所得坯革更加细腻平整;采用铬-锌-二氧化硅结合鞣制方式,由于二氧化硅内在胶凝性质可以应用于皮革鞣制,它可以起到类似油脂类润滑助鞣剂,增加皮革柔软度、平滑度的作用,因此借助使用锌-二氧化硅的搭配既减少铬对环境的污染,又对鞣制效果有所改进,综合两道鞣制工艺使滩羊皮的总体性能得到提升的同时,还能够起到提高铬利用率和环保的作用。
再进一步地,本发明的漂白、染色所用的喷涂染料,在保证滩羊皮的漂白效果和染色效果的同时,由于使用低浓度的染料进行转鼓初染,这样在经过固色处理后,转鼓内地染料基本上可完全被滩羊皮所吸净,便于滩羊皮生产中污水的处理,实现滩羊皮的清洁生产。
最后,本发明的废液处理工序,通过栲胶与铬反应形成铬酸盐黄酮型聚合物沉淀,利于对生产废液进行铬的过滤清理和废液的回收利用,从而提高废液的清洁效率和回收利用效率,起到较好的清洁环保效果,同时也减少了资源浪费。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (1)
1.一种改进的滩羊皮清洁化生产工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:对滩羊皮的边角毛刺进行修剪整理,剔除滩羊皮边角部位的毛刺,然后将滩羊皮的肉质进行刮除和脱脂,盐水浸泡2h-3h;
(2)组织固定:将戊二醛、丙三醇、苯酚以及聚乙二醇按照浓度比为25:53:20:2的比例在35℃~45℃环境下超声震动混合,调整溶液的PH值为9.0~11.0,滩羊皮在该混合溶液中浸泡12h~15h;
(3)鞣制处理:采用转鼓对滩羊皮进行鞣制,鞣制处理的温度为32~35℃,鞣制处理液的PH=5.5~6.0,鞣制处理液中复合鞣剂按10~20g/L的量加入;皮革鞣制过程采用两道鞣制工序:首先采用铬-锌结合鞣制方式,铬-锌试剂的浓度配比为65:35,助鞣剂为邻苯二甲酸-己二酸,鞣制时间为3.5h;然后采用铬-锌-二氧化硅结合鞣制方式,铬-锌-二氧化硅的质量配比为23:55:22,在鞣制过程中添加己二酸-乙二胺作为助鞣剂进行鞣制,鞣制时间为4.5h;
(4)漂白处理:滩羊皮漂白处理所用的漂洗液PH为7.2~7.3,漂洗液包含28~32g/L的次氯酸钠、6~8g/L的焦磷酸钠、12~13ml/L的双氧水、7~9ml/L的氨水以及10~12g/L的氯化钠,漂白处理的时间为0.5~1h;
(5)染色处理:对漂白后的滩羊皮进行染色处理,染色处理包括在低浓度染料的转鼓中进行转鼓初染和对转鼓初染后的滩羊皮进行喷染,转鼓初染的温度为35~40℃,时间45~50min,染浆的PH为4.5~5.0,转鼓染浆中包含0.005~0.006g/L染料、0.05~0.08g/L表面活化剂、8.0~8.5g/L的锌盐、1.5~1.8ml/L季铵盐无醛固色剂;喷染的喷染量为300~350ml/m2;喷染前还对转鼓初染后滩羊皮进行固色处理,所述的固色处理是指向转鼓内加入甲酸进行固色,甲酸在转鼓内染液的含量为0.15~0.2mol/L,固色处理的温度为25~28℃,时间35~38min;
(6)废液处理:在废液中加入中和的荆树皮栲胶,栲胶加入含量为30~40g/L,待栲胶与铬反应1h~2h之后,对废液进行过滤,回收提取废液中的沉淀物,而过滤液则作为鞣制溶液继续使用。
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