CN107353031A - 一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料 Download PDF

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CN107353031A
CN107353031A CN201710604399.8A CN201710604399A CN107353031A CN 107353031 A CN107353031 A CN 107353031A CN 201710604399 A CN201710604399 A CN 201710604399A CN 107353031 A CN107353031 A CN 107353031A
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fibre reinforced
composite
silicon carbide
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陈照峰
汪洋
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，其特征在于由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成。复合材料壳体由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，壳体内表面为碳化硅涂层，外表面为碳化硅涂层和碳化锆涂层，内部的空腔中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。该材料能够在1500℃以上环境下使用，具有极低的热导系数，该材料强度高，能够作为结构材料使用，实现结构功能一体化。

Description

一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空绝热复合材料，特别是涉及一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料。
背景技术
在能源技术的发展中，20世纪是绝热技术充分发展的一个世纪。传统意义上的真空绝热板所用的阻隔薄膜一般为尼龙保护层、铝箔层和聚乙烯热封层叠加而成，利用真空绝热原理，所制的的真空绝热板具有极低的导热系数，但是该材料只能在低温环境下使用，已不能满足在高温环境下的需求。而碳基复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料具有强度高，能够耐高温等特点，然而这些材料都具有较高的导热系数，如若用做绝热材料势必增加材料的厚度和重量。若将两者优势结合在一起，即将碳基复合材料或者陶瓷基复合材料制成真空绝热材料，则使得材料既能在高温下使用，同时也具有极低的热导系数。这将具有巨大的应用前景，特别是在国防工业、航空航天等方面。
文献“申请号为200520112605.6的中国专利”公开了一种真空绝热板。该材料包括阻隔膜层和保温板，所述的阻隔膜层的外表面有一层尼龙保护层，其内表面有一层聚乙烯热封层。该种真空绝热板采用真空绝热原理制成，通过最大限度提高内部真空度来隔绝热传导，具有极低的热导系数，但是该材料只能用于低温环境下，在高温情况下无法使用。文献“复合材料，尹洪峰，魏剑.冶金工业出版社”介绍了由化学液相浸渗法制备的2D C/SiC复合材料在平行碳纤维方向与垂直碳纤维方向的导热系数分别为14~20.6 W/m·K和5.9~7W/m·K。文献“单向C/C复合材料导热系数的计算，陈洁，熊翔，肖鹏. 炭素技术，2008，27(2):1-4”介绍了单向C/C复合材料在平行碳纤维方向与垂直碳纤维方向的导热系数分别为40.65~51.12W/m·K和3.83~5.96W/m·K。由以上数据可知，对于一种实心的复合材料，并不能满足极低的导热系数的要求，发明一种具有极低导热系数且能耐超高温的材料则显得极为迫切。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种能够耐超高温的真空绝热复合材料。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是：一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，其特征在于由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成，复合材料壳体由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，壳体内外表面均为碳化硅涂层，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，内部的空腔中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。
本发明优点在于：1. 能够在1500℃以上环境下使用；2.具有低的热导系数；3. 该材料强度高，能够作为结构材料使用，实现结构功能一体化。
附图说明
图1是一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料的截面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例一
参照图1，一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成，其中[10]是陶瓷基复合材料壳体，[20]是内部的空腔。陶瓷基复合材料壳体[10]是由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，其中C纤维所占复合材料壳体的体积分数为50%，其内表面为碳化硅涂层，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，呈梯度分布，在其外表面制备碳化硅涂层，密封C/C表面，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，也呈梯度分布。内部的空腔[20]中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。
实施例二
实施例二与实施例一的主要区别在于实施例二中在复合材料壳体的外表面制备一层碳化锆层。参照图1，一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成，其中[10]是陶瓷基复合材料壳体，[20]是内部的空腔。陶瓷基复合材料壳体[10]是由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，其中C纤维所占复合材料壳体的体积分数为60%，其内表面为碳化硅涂层，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，呈梯度分布，在其外表面制备碳化锆涂层，密封C/C表面，碳化锆涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，也呈梯度分布。内部的空腔[20]中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。
实施例三
实施例三与实施例一的主要区别在于实施例三中先在复合材料壳体的外表面制备一层碳化硅层，再在碳化硅层上在制备一层碳化锆层。参照图1，一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成，其中[10]是陶瓷基复合材料壳体，[20]是内部的空腔。陶瓷基复合材料壳体[10]是由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，其中C纤维所占复合材料壳体的体积分数为50%，其内表面为碳化硅涂层，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，呈梯度分布，在其外表面制备碳化硅涂层，密封C/C表面，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，也呈梯度分布，再在碳化硅层上制备一层碳化锆层。内部的空腔[20]中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。

Claims (1)

1.一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料，其特征在于由密封的碳纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料壳体和内部的空腔组成，复合材料壳体由碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料组成，无贯通性气孔，壳体内外表面均为碳化硅涂层，碳化硅涂层渗透到C/C复合材料内部，内部的空腔中的气体的压力小于1000Pa。
CN201710604399.8A 2017-07-24 2017-07-24 一种碳纤维增强的超高温真空绝热复合材料 Pending CN107353031A (zh)

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CN107725973A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-02-23 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种真空绝热陶瓷基复合材料
CN108516858A (zh) * 2018-04-20 2018-09-11 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种具有陶瓷纤维外壳的高温真空绝热复合材料
CN113716864A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-30 武汉蔚能电池资产有限公司 真空玻璃纤维和其制备方法及加工系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107725973A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-02-23 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种真空绝热陶瓷基复合材料
CN108516858A (zh) * 2018-04-20 2018-09-11 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种具有陶瓷纤维外壳的高温真空绝热复合材料
CN113716864A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-30 武汉蔚能电池资产有限公司 真空玻璃纤维和其制备方法及加工系统

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