CN107347291B - Saline-alkali soil improvement method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347291B CN107347291B CN201710600927.2A CN201710600927A CN107347291B CN 107347291 B CN107347291 B CN 107347291B CN 201710600927 A CN201710600927 A CN 201710600927A CN 107347291 B CN107347291 B CN 107347291B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The method comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 30-50 cm; (2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of the sulfur, the plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 20-30 wt% of the sulfur, 20-30 wt% of the plant charcoal and the balance of the biological fertilizer. According to the invention, the water holding capacity and water permeability of surface soil are increased by improving the soil structure, salt is promoted to migrate downwards, and the desalting rate is increased; the invention also obviously reduces the soil ESP and the pH value, achieves the effects of dealkalization and desalination in a short time and promotes the normal growth of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement.
Background
With the wide application of the soil conditioner in agriculture and ecological environment, new products and new formulations of the soil conditioner at home and abroad are increasing. Particularly, in recent years, the appearance of the green high-efficiency low-dosage soil conditioner, the continuous improvement of the using method and the continuous reduction of the cost enable the universal use of the soil conditioner in the field to be possible; however, the traditional method for improving the saline-alkali soil mainly utilizes gypsum to replace sodium in the soil, and the method is single. The invention name as disclosed in CN1377936A is: the invention discloses a method for producing saline-alkali soil conditioner by utilizing waste gypsum boards, a product and application thereof, and the invention name disclosed by CN1487052A is as follows: the saline-alkali modifier is prepared by replacing sodium in soil with calcium sulfate, and the use of the calcium sulfate increases the salt content of the soil, so that the soil needs to be washed. Therefore, the soil conditioner needs to be used together with irrigation, and the saline-alkali soil affects crops because soil is easy to harden, so that the permeability of the soil is poor, water is difficult to permeate downwards, surface runoff is generated, and salt in the soil is difficult to elute. And a single chemical modifier can not improve hardening, needs more irrigation and drainage and has poor effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide a saline-alkali soil improvement method which does not cause soil hardening.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 30-50 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of the sulfur, the plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 20-30 wt% of the sulfur, 20-30 wt% of the plant charcoal and the balance of the biological fertilizer.
Preferably, the plant charcoal is charcoal, straw charcoal, bamboo charcoal or charcoal made from other plant wastes.
Preferably, the biological fertilizer is prepared by composting organic wastes as main raw materials.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: building a cement pool, putting filler into the pool, adding a strain culture medium into the filler, adding organic waste, uniformly stirring the organic waste and the filler, and maintaining the ambient temperature at 20-30 ℃ to ferment the organic waste; the strain culture agent is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is selected from one or more of rice bran, wood chips, bark scraps and straw crushed materials.
Preferably, the method also comprises the operation of adding special strains into the filler, wherein the special strains are mixed strains at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the special strains comprise more than 15 hundred million/g of enterococcus faecium, more than 25 hundred million/g of streptococcus faecium and bacillus subtilis, more than 20 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and more than 35 hundred million/g of nitrate reducing bacteria.
Preferably, the organic waste includes animal farm manure and human kitchen waste.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(a) building a cement pond, placing filler in the pond, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 55-60%; the adding amount of the special strain is 15-25 g of filler per cubic meter; the addition amount of the special flora culture agent is 2000-3000 g per cubic meter of filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is selected from one or more of rice bran, wood chips, bark scraps and straw crushed materials;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 60-70% and a filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 5-10 kg per cubic filler per day; the organic waste comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage;
(c) adding the special strain once every 12-18 days, adding a special strain culture agent every 25-32 days, and continuously controlling the water content and the environmental temperature of the filler; in the step, the adding amount of the special strain is 1/10-1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); the adding amount of the special strain culture agent is 1/10-1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); in the step, the organic waste is added and the pile is turned over at the same time, so that the materials are uniformly stirred and sufficient oxygen is supplied.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. improving the soil structure: by improving the soil structure, the water holding capacity and water permeability of surface soil are increased, the downward migration of salt is promoted, and the desalting rate is increased;
2. significantly reducing soil ESP and pH: by using the soil conditioner formula provided by the invention, the pH value and ESP value of severe saline-alkali soil can be rapidly reduced, the effects of dealkalization and desalination can be achieved in a short time, and the normal growth of crops can be promoted;
3. green, environment-friendly and eco-friendly: the raw material plant charcoal used in the soil conditioner provided by the invention is prepared by taking agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, the raw material biological fertilizer used in the soil conditioner provided by the invention is prepared by taking farm wastes and kitchen wastes as raw materials, the environmental pollution can be effectively reduced, and the sulfur is a traditional effective saline-alkali soil conditioner which is used in a matching way according to a certain proportion, so that the saline-alkali soil can be obviously improved, the ecological environment can be improved, and the soil conditioner has the characteristics of low input cost and obvious improvement effect;
4. the method has simple preparation process and rich raw material sources.
Detailed Description
This detailed description is to be construed as illustrative only and is not limiting, since modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the preceding specification, and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Example one
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 30 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of the sulfur, the plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 20wt% of the sulfur, 20wt% of the plant charcoal and 60 wt% of the biological fertilizer.
In this example, charcoal and straw charcoal were used as the plant charcoal.
The biofertilizer used in this example was a commercially available biofertilizer.
Example two
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 35 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 25wt% of sulfur, 20wt% of plant charcoal and 55 wt% of the biological fertilizer.
In this embodiment, the plant charcoal is bamboo charcoal.
The biofertilizer in this example was self-made. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) building a cement pool, placing filler in the pool, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 55%; the adding amount of the special strain is 15g of filler per cubic meter; the adding amount of the special flora culture agent is 2000g per cubic meter of the filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is selected from a mixture of rice bran and wood chips;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 70 percent and filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 5 kilograms per cubic filler per day; the organic waste comprises animal farm manure and human kitchen garbage, wherein
EXAMPLE III
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 40 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 25wt% of sulfur, 25wt% of plant charcoal and 50 wt% of the biological fertilizer.
In this embodiment, the plant charcoal is bamboo charcoal.
The biofertilizer in this example was self-made. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) building a cement pool, placing filler in the pool, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 60%; the adding amount of the special strain is 20g of filler per cubic meter; the addition amount of the special flora culture agent is 2500g per cubic meter of filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is a mixture of wood chips, bark fragments and straws;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 65 percent and filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 7 kilograms of filler per cubic meter per day; the organic waste comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage;
(c) adding the special strain once every 12 days, adding a special strain culture agent every 25 days, and continuously controlling the water content and the environmental temperature of the filler; in the step, the adding amount of the special strains is 1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); the adding amount of the special strain culture agent is 1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); in the step, the organic waste is added and the pile is turned over at the same time, so that the materials are uniformly stirred and sufficient oxygen is supplied.
Example four
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 45 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 30wt% of sulfur, 25wt% of plant charcoal and 45 wt% of the biological fertilizer.
In this embodiment, the plant charcoal is selected from bamboo charcoal and charcoal.
The biofertilizer in this example was self-made. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) building a cement pool, placing filler in the pool, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 55%; the adding amount of the special strain is 23g of filler per cubic meter; the addition amount of the special flora culture agent is 2500g per cubic meter of filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is a mixture of wood chips, bark fragments and straws;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 65 percent and filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 7 kilograms of filler per cubic meter per day; the organic waste comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage;
(c) adding the special strain once every 16 days, adding a special strain culture agent every 28 days, and continuously controlling the water content and the environmental temperature of the filler; in the step, the adding amount of the special strains is 1/12 of the adding amount in the step (a); the adding amount of the special strain culture agent is 1/13 of the adding amount in the step (a); in the step, the organic waste is added and the pile is turned over at the same time, so that the materials are uniformly stirred and sufficient oxygen is supplied.
EXAMPLE five
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 50 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 30wt% of sulfur, 30wt% of plant charcoal and 40 wt% of the biological fertilizer.
In this embodiment, the plant charcoal is selected from bamboo charcoal and charcoal.
The biofertilizer in this example was self-made. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) building a cement pool, placing filler in the pool, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 60%; the adding amount of the special strain is 25g of filler per cubic meter; the adding amount of the special flora culture agent is 3000g per cubic meter of filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g, wherein the enterococcus faecium is more than 15 hundred million/g, the enterococcus faecium and the bacillus subtilis are more than 25 hundred million/g, the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than 20 hundred million/g, and the nitrate reducing bacteria number is more than 35 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is a mixture of wood chips, bark fragments and straws;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 70 percent and filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 10 kilograms per cubic filler per day; the organic waste comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage;
(c) adding the special strain once every 18 days, adding a special strain culture agent every 32 days, and continuously controlling the water content and the environmental temperature of the filler; in the step, the adding amount of the special strains is 1/10 of the adding amount in the step (a); the adding amount of the special strain culture agent is 1/10 of the adding amount in the step (a); in the step, the organic waste is added and the pile is turned over at the same time, so that the materials are uniformly stirred and sufficient oxygen is supplied.
Claims (4)
1. A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 30-50 cm;
(2) applying a mixture of sulfur, plant charcoal and a biological fertilizer to the ploughed soil, wherein the mixture of the sulfur, the plant charcoal and the biological fertilizer comprises 20-30 wt% of the sulfur, 20-30 wt% of the plant charcoal and the balance of the biological fertilizer;
the plant charcoal is charcoal, straw charcoal, bamboo charcoal or charcoal made from other plant wastes;
the biological fertilizer is prepared by composting organic wastes serving as main raw materials;
the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: building a cement pool, putting filler into the pool, adding a strain culture medium into the filler, adding organic waste, uniformly stirring the organic waste and the filler, and maintaining the ambient temperature at 20-30 ℃ to ferment the organic waste; the strain culture agent is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is selected from one or more of rice bran, wood chips, bark scraps and straw crushed materials;
the method also comprises the operation of adding special strains into the filler, wherein the special strains are mixed bacteria at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g.
2. The method for improving a saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: the special strains comprise more than 15 hundred million/g of enterococcus faecium, more than 25 hundred million/g of streptococcus faecium and bacillus subtilis, more than 20 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and more than 35 hundred million/g of nitrate reducing bacteria.
3. The method for improving a saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: the organic waste comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage.
4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the biofertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(a) building a cement pond, placing filler in the pond, adding special strains and a strain culture agent into the filler, and adjusting the water content of the filler to 55-60%; the adding amount of the special strain is 15-25 g of filler per cubic meter; the addition amount of the special flora culture agent is 2000-3000 g per cubic meter of filler; the special strain is a mixed strain at least containing streptococcus faecium, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrate reducing bacteria, and the total viable bacteria number is more than 120 hundred million/g; the special strain culture medium is a crushed material of glucose or starch grain seeds; the filler is selected from one or more of rice bran, wood chips, bark scraps and straw crushed materials;
(b) adding organic waste with the water content of 60-70% and a filler, uniformly stirring, and maintaining the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃; fermenting for 2-3 days; the input amount of the organic waste is 5-10 kg per cubic filler per day; the organic waste gas comprises excrement of animal farms and human kitchen garbage;
(c) adding the special strain once every 12-18 days, adding a special strain culture agent every 25-32 days, and continuously controlling the water content and the environmental temperature of the filler; in the step, the adding amount of the special strain is 1/10-1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); the adding amount of the special strain culture agent is 1/10-1/15 of the adding amount in the step (a); in the step, the organic waste is added and the pile is turned over at the same time, so that the materials are uniformly stirred and sufficient oxygen is supplied.
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| CN108029270A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-15 | 台州东发建设投资有限公司 | A kind of beach saline land comprehensive processing method |
| CN107955622A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江诚邦园林股份有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land improving organic conditioner and its method for improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN108329169A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-27 | 河南省现代农业研究院 | A kind of sustained release fertilizer and preparation method thereof improving basic soil |
| CN108934255A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-12-07 | 牛志刚 | A method of improvement salt-soda soil is administered using microbial-bacterial fertilizer |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104628491A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-20 | 盐城市新洋农业试验站 | Special nutrition medium for displacement of mandulapalka plough layer |
| CN104919931A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 刘长生 | Saline land improvement method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104628491A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-20 | 盐城市新洋农业试验站 | Special nutrition medium for displacement of mandulapalka plough layer |
| CN104919931A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 刘长生 | Saline land improvement method |
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