CN107319099A - 一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107319099A CN107319099A CN201710571380.8A CN201710571380A CN107319099A CN 107319099 A CN107319099 A CN 107319099A CN 201710571380 A CN201710571380 A CN 201710571380A CN 107319099 A CN107319099 A CN 107319099A
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- small peptide
- wheat
- potassium
- rich potassium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有降低血压作用的富钾小麦小肽及其制备方法，属生物技术领域。其特征是以小麦蛋白为起始物料，经过螯合酶解、超滤、树脂柱纯化、减压浓缩、喷雾干燥得到富钾小麦小肽。可以以此为主要原料，添加其它原料和辅料按常规制剂方法制成相应一些列的制剂。本发明采用酶解和富微同步进行的方法，具有富微效率高、元素有机化率高的特点，富钾小麦小肽能显著降低高血压。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体涉及一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽及其制备方法。
背景技术
高血压(hypertension)是指以体循环动脉血压(收缩压和/或舒张压)增高为主要特征(收缩压≥140毫米汞柱，舒张压≥90毫米汞柱)，可伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床综合征。高血压是最常见的慢性病，也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。高血压的症状因人而异。早期可能无症状或症状不明显，常见的是头晕、头痛、颈项板紧、疲劳、心悸等。仅仅会在劳累、精神紧张、情绪波动后发生血压升高，并在休息后恢复正常。随着病程延长，血压明显的持续升高，逐渐会出现各种症状。此时被称为缓进型高血压病。缓进型高血压病常见的临床症状有头痛、头晕、注意力不集中、记忆力减退、肢体麻木、夜尿增多、心悸、胸闷、乏力等。高血压的症状与血压水平有一定关联，多数症状在紧张或劳累后可加重，清晨活动后血压可迅速升高，出现清晨高血压，导致心脑血管事件多发生在清晨。
小麦是一种在世界各地广泛种植的禾本科植物，小麦的颖果是人类的主食之一，小麦富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、钙、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素A及维生素C等。从蛋白质的含量看，生长在大陆性干旱气候区的麦粒质硬而透明，含蛋白质较高，达14～20％，面筋强而有弹性。小麦低聚肽以小麦蛋白粉为原料，经调浆、蛋白酶酶解、分离、过滤、喷雾干燥等工艺制成，2012年9月5日，卫生部发布《关于批准中长链脂肪酸食用油和小麦低聚肽作为新资源食品等的公告》(卫生部公告2012年第16号)批准小麦低聚肽作为新资源食品。小麦低聚肽能抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性，使血管紧张素原不能转变成能使血压升高的血管紧张素Ⅱ，从而生理地降低血压，而对正常血压不起用。
肽，是源于蛋白、优于蛋白的多功能化合物，是当前国际最热门的研究课题和极具发展前景的功能因子。肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过肽键共价连接形成的聚合物，蛋白质不完全水解的产物也是肽，一般地将2肽～10肽(2肽由2个氨基酸构成，n肽由n个氨基酸构成)或相对分子质量小于2000D的肽称为寡肽或小肽(如谷胱甘肽)，将10个以上氨基酸组成的称为多肽。小肽可由蛋白质经酶解等方式获得，与蛋白质相比具有以下优点：①小肽是体现信息的信使，具有多种人体代谢和生理调节功能：有促进免疫、激素调节、抗菌、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂等作用；②小肽活性更高，在微量和低浓度的情况下，能发挥更高的生理作用；③小肽分子量小，易消化吸收，食用安全性极高。
微量元素又称痕量元素，虽然在人体内的含量并不多，但是与人的生存和健康息息相关，对人的生命起至关重要的作用。它们的摄入过量、不足、不平衡或缺乏都会不同程度地引起人体生理的异常或发生疾病。微量元素最突出的作用是与生命活力密切相关，仅仅像火柴头那样大小或更少的量就能发挥巨大的生理作用。值得注意的是这些微量元素通常情况下必须直接或间接由土壤供给，但大部分人往往不能通过饮食获得足够的微量元素。这每种微量元素都有其特殊的生理功能。尽管它们在人体内含量极小，但它们对维持人体中的一些决定性的新陈代谢却是十分必要的。一旦缺少了这些必需的微量元素，人体就会出现疾病，甚至危及生命。比较明确的是约30％的疾病直接是微量元素缺乏或不平衡所致。
钾是细胞内最主要的阳离子之一，可以调节细胞内适宜的渗透压和体液的酸碱平衡，参与细胞内糖和蛋白质的代谢。有助于维持神经健康、心跳规律正常，可以预防中风，并协助肌肉正常收缩。在摄入高钠而导致高血压时，钾具有降血压作用。人体钾缺乏可引起心跳不规律和加速、心电图异常、肌肉衰弱和烦躁，最后导致心跳停止。一般而言，身体健康的人，会自动将多余的钾排出体外。正常人体内约含钾175克，其中98％的钾以钾离子的形式贮存于细胞液内；血清中含钾3.5～5.5mmol/L。
富钾小麦小肽不仅能更进一步提高钾元素的吸收率，而且还能使人体摄入两类物质(小肽和微量元素)，各自并协同发挥降低高血压的作用。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，本发明的第二目的是提供该富钾小麦小肽在制备用于降低高血压的食品、保健食品及药品中的应用。
本发明目的第一目的是这样实现的：
一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于采用以下工艺步骤制备：
富钾小麦小肽的制备：将氯化钾(或葡萄糖酸钾，或乳酸钾)溶于去离子水配制成浓度为10～15mg/ml的溶液，按溶液与小麦蛋白比例8～12:1的比例加入小麦蛋白，搅拌均匀，加热煮沸10～15分钟，待冷却至约30～50℃，以稀盐酸调节pH值1.0～3.0，加入0.5～2％胃蛋白酶，保温1～3小时，调节pH值7.0～9.0，加入0.5～2％胰蛋白酶，保温3～5小时，煮沸10～15分钟，离心，沉淀弃去，上清液通过相对分子质量为3KD的超滤膜超滤，透过液加于DA201-C大孔吸附树脂柱上，以水洗脱，弃去水洗液，再以50～90％(V/V)乙醇洗脱，收集乙醇洗脱液，减压回收乙醇并继续浓缩至相对密度为1.10～1.15(60℃)，喷雾干燥(进风温度为180～200℃，出风温度为90～100℃)，收集喷干粉，即得富钾小麦小肽。经检测，富钾小麦小肽肽含量为60％～90％，钾的富集率＞95％。
经过上述方法制备的富钾小麦小肽，用于制备成下述制剂：
(1)按富钾小麦小肽:玉米油:蜂蜡:卵磷脂比例为10:35:4:1混合物料，经研磨，制备成软胶囊剂；
(2)按富钾小麦小肽:聚乙二醇400:丙二醇比例为10:38:2混合物料，经研磨，制备成软胶囊剂；
(3)富钾小麦小肽，加入常规辅料，制备成口服液、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂。
但本发明不限于上述剂型。制剂工艺所用的辅料可以用其他常规的辅料代替，如淀粉、糊精、糖粉、蜂蜜、甘油、羧甲基纤维素钠等；富钾小麦小肽也可与其他药用物质合用，共同达到降低高血压的作用。
本发明的第二目的是提供上述富钾小麦小肽的用途，其具有降低高血压的作用，其可用于制备降低高血压的食品、保健食品及药品。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明富钾小麦小肽，制备简便，成本低廉；小麦小肽与微量元素协同发挥提高机体免疫力的作用，同时具有毒副作用小、无耐药性、不易残留等优点，达到绿色食品纯天然的要求，能获得良好的社会效益和经济效益。
药效试验
为进一步验证本发明富钾小麦小肽的降低高血压的作用，发明人进行了药效学试验验证，试验方法及结果如下：
对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响
(1)受试药物及动物
富钾小麦小肽，自制，含小麦小肽(以总肽量计)为84.0％，含钾3.30％。临用前采用无菌去离子水配成一定浓度药液，灌胃给药。
小麦小肽，自制，含小麦小肽(以总肽量计)84.7％。临用前采用无菌去离子水配成一定浓度药液，灌胃给药。
氯化钾(食品级，纯度＞98％)。临用前采用无菌去离子水配成一定浓度药液，灌胃给药。
自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)，雄性，体重250～280g，购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司，动物合格证号：2015000515110。
(2)试验方法及结果
取大鼠，随机分成4组，每组9只，分别为：富钾小麦小肽组(5g/kg)、小麦小肽组(5g/kg)、氯化钾组(1g/kg)、空白对照组，灌胃给药，测定给药后0、5h SHR的收缩压、舒张压。结果见表1和表2。
表1对SHR收缩压的影响(X±s)
| 组别 | 动物数/只 | 剂量/g/kg | 0h/mmHg | 5h/mmHg |
| 空白对照组 | 9 | - | 189.84±0.86 | 189.78±1.11 |
| 富钾小麦小肽组 | 9 | 5 | 189.12±1.95 | 182.28±1.73** |
| 小麦小肽组 | 9 | 5 | 189.67±1.83 | 187.51±2.16* |
| 氯化钾组 | 9 | 1 | 189.06±2.13 | 186.94±1.82* |
注：与空白对照组比较，*P<0.O5，**P<0.O1。
表2对SHR舒张压的影响(X±s)
| 组别 | 动物数/只 | 剂量/g/kg | 0h/mmHg | 5h/mmHg |
| 空白对照组 | 9 | - | 140.53±3.52 | 141.67±5.22 |
| 富钾小麦小肽组 | 9 | 5 | 141.73±2.97 | 133.48±5.65** |
| 小麦小肽组 | 9 | 5 | 143.06±3.31 | 138.34±4.26* |
| 氯化钾组 | 9 | 1 | 142.81±3.19 | 138.41±7.24* |
注：与空白对照组比较，*P<0.O5，**P<0.O1。
以上试验结果表明：富钾小麦小肽能显著降低SHR的收缩压和舒张压。
具体实施方式
下面列举实施例，进一步说明本发明，各实施例仅用于说明本发明，并不限制本发明：
实施例1
富钾小麦小肽的制备：将氯化钾(或葡萄糖酸钾，或乳酸钾)溶于去离子水配制成浓度为12mg/ml的溶液，按溶液与小麦蛋白比例10:1的比例加入小麦蛋白，搅拌均匀，加热煮沸15分钟，待冷却至约45℃，以稀盐酸调节pH值2.0，加入1.5％胃蛋白酶，保温2小时，调节pH值8.0，加入1.0％胰蛋白酶，保温4小时，煮沸15分钟，离心，沉淀弃去，上清液通过相对分子质量为3KD的超滤膜超滤，透过液加于DA201-C大孔吸附树脂柱上，以水洗脱，弃去水洗液，再以75％(V/V)乙醇洗脱，收集乙醇洗脱液，减压回收乙醇并继续浓缩至相对密度为1.12(60℃)，喷雾干燥(进风温度为180～200℃，出风温度为90～100℃)，收集喷干粉，即得富钾小麦小肽。
实施例2
富钾小麦小肽的制备：将氯化钾(或葡萄糖酸钾，或乳酸钾)溶于去离子水配制成浓度为14mg/ml的溶液，按溶液与小麦蛋白比例8:1的比例加入小麦蛋白，搅拌均匀，加热煮沸10分钟，待冷却至约50℃，以稀盐酸调节pH值3.0，加入2％胃蛋白酶，保温3小时，调节pH值7.5，加入2％胰蛋白酶，保温5小时，煮沸10分钟，离心，沉淀弃去，上清液通过相对分子质量为3KD的超滤膜超滤，透过液加于DA201-C大孔吸附树脂柱上，以水洗脱，弃去水洗液，再以60％(V/V)乙醇洗脱，收集乙醇洗脱液，减压回收乙醇并继续浓缩至相对密度为1.15(60℃)，喷雾干燥(进风温度为180～200℃，出风温度为90～100℃)，收集喷干粉，即得富钾小麦小肽。
实施例3
取实施例1方法所得的富钾小麦小肽100g，按富钾小麦小肽:玉米油:蜂蜡:卵磷脂比例为10:35:4:1混合物料，经研磨30分钟，以明胶、纯化水、甘油、氧化铁黑按100:100:40:1比例制作软胶囊囊皮胶液，控制胶盒温度40～50℃，保温罐35～45℃，喷体温度30～40℃，压制成软胶囊，每粒内容物重0.45g，17℃～27℃冷风干燥3～5h定型，洗丸、干燥、选丸、包装，制备成软胶囊成品。
实施例4
取实施例1方法所得的富钾小麦小肽100g，按富钾小麦小肽:聚乙二醇400:丙二醇比例为10:38:2混合物料，经研磨30分钟，以明胶、纯化水、甘油、氧化铁黑按100:100:40:1比例制作软胶囊囊皮胶液，控制胶盒温度40～50℃，保温罐35～45℃，喷体温度30～40℃，压制成软胶囊，每粒内容物重0.45g，17℃～27℃冷风干燥3～5h定型，洗丸、干燥、选丸、包装，制备成软胶囊成品。
实施例5
取实施例2方法所得的富钾小麦小肽100g，加淀粉至总量为200g，混合均匀，流化床造粒，填装胶囊，包装，制备成胶囊成品。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于采用以下工艺步骤制备：
富钾小麦小肽的制备：将氯化钾或葡萄糖酸钾或乳酸钾溶于去离子水配制成浓度为10～15mg/ml的溶液，按溶液与小麦蛋白比例8～12:1的比例加入小麦蛋白，搅拌均匀，加热煮沸10～15分钟，待冷却至约30～50℃，以稀盐酸调节pH值1.0～3.0，加入0.5～2%胃蛋白酶，保温1～3小时，调节pH值7.0～9.0，加入0.5～2%胰蛋白酶，保温3～5小时，煮沸10～15分钟，离心，沉淀弃去，上清液通过相对分子质量为3KD的超滤膜超滤，透过液加于DA201-C大孔吸附树脂柱上，以水洗脱，弃去水洗液，再以体积比50～90%乙醇洗脱，收集乙醇洗脱液，减压回收乙醇并继续浓缩至60℃测定相对密度为1.10～1.15，喷雾干燥进风温度为180～200℃，出风温度为90～100℃，收集喷干粉，即得富钾小麦小肽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于富钾小麦小肽肽含量为60%～90%，钾的富集率大于95%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于氯化钾可以用葡萄糖酸钾、乳酸钾代替。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于所述盐溶液的浓度为10～15mg/ml。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于所述盐溶液与小麦蛋白比例为8～10:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于所述超滤膜的截留相对分子质量为3000Da。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于所述喷雾干燥进风温度为180～200℃，出风温度为90～100℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽，其特征在于制备成下述制剂：
（1）按富钾小麦小肽:玉米油:蜂蜡:卵磷脂比例为10:35:4:1混合物料，经研磨，制备成软胶囊剂；
（2）按富钾小麦小肽:聚乙二醇400:丙二醇比例为10:38:2混合物料，经研磨，制备成软胶囊剂；
（3）富钾小麦小肽，加入常规辅料，制备成口服液、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂。
9.权利要求1所述的富钾小麦小肽在制备用于降低高血压产品中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710571380.8A CN107319099A (zh) | 2017-07-13 | 2017-07-13 | 一种具有降低高血压作用的富钾小麦小肽及其制备方法 |
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