CN107312266A - 一种pvc热稳定剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种pvc热稳定剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107312266A CN107312266A CN201710623081.4A CN201710623081A CN107312266A CN 107312266 A CN107312266 A CN 107312266A CN 201710623081 A CN201710623081 A CN 201710623081A CN 107312266 A CN107312266 A CN 107312266A
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- Prior art keywords
- stabilizer
- parts
- heat stabilizer
- pvc heat
- alkaline residue
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- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009621 Solvay process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 37
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 32
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calixarene Chemical class COC(=O)COC1=C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=C(C4)C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1CC1=C(OCC(=O)OC)C4=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GJYLKIZKRHDRER-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Ca].OS(O)(=O)=O GJYLKIZKRHDRER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940098697 zinc laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dodecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/04—Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
- C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
- C08K7/26—Silicon- containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种PVC热稳定剂及其制备方法,该PVC热稳定剂,以重量份计,包括以下组分:碱渣稳定剂100份;脂肪酸锌25~50份;β‑二酮5~20份;抗氧剂20~40份。所述碱渣稳定剂的制备方法,包括:取氨碱法制碱后的废液,与可溶性硬脂酸盐混合进行复分解反应,反应结束后,再经过滤、水洗和干燥,得到碱渣稳定剂。本发明提供的PVC热稳定剂的热稳定效率高,其制备方法合理利用碱厂的排放废液,实现了废料的回收利用,大幅降低了产品成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及助剂制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种PVC热稳定剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在塑料领域聚氯乙烯(PVC)是五大通用塑料之一,产量仅次于聚乙烯(PE),其制品具有广泛的用途。但是,PVC存在热稳定性差的缺点,加工时必须适当地添加热稳定剂以抑制PVC热降解。
关于PVC热稳定剂的研究众多,例如:
(1)申请公布号为CN106280064A的发明专利申请公开了一种包含杯芳烃的PVC热稳定剂,其各组分按质量份计为:脂肪酸钙20~50份;脂肪酸锌20~50份;辅助稳定剂8~15份;杯芳烃5~10份;润滑剂3~5份;抗氧剂5~8份。该发明PVC热稳定剂的初期着色和长期稳定性效果好。
(2)申请公布号为CN103897300A的发明专利申请公开了一种透明PVC热稳定剂,其成分及各成分质量份数分别为:水滑石8份、硬脂酸锌1-2份、硬脂酸钙0.5-1份、月桂酸锌1-2.5份、抗氧剂1-1.5份、外润剂1-2份、内润剂1份以及β二酮2-3份。将上述成分按其各自的质量份数混合,加入到高速搅拌机中搅拌均匀,加热至80℃,然后放入冷却混合机中搅拌10分钟,冷却,运输至储罐中,静止几日后,按需包装即可。该透明PVC热稳定剂透明度好、耐热强、所有成分材料无害、环保且成本低。
目前,基于价格和环保的因素,市售PVC热稳定剂以含锌金属皂为主;但随着市场竞争的激烈,PVC热稳定剂厂家的成本压力越来越大,急需在不影响稳定效果且环保的前提下降低成本。
在制纯碱领域大部分都是氨碱法(即索尔维法),该方法以食盐(氯化钠)、石灰石(经煅烧生成生石灰和二氧化碳)、氨气为原料来制取纯碱,具体如下:(1)先将氨气通入饱和食盐水中生成氨盐水,再通入二氧化碳生成溶解度较小的碳酸氢钠沉淀和氯化铵溶液,其反应方程为:NaCl+NH3+H2O+CO2=NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl;(2)将经过滤、洗涤得到的NaHCO3微小晶体加热煅烧制得纯碱产品,放出的二氧化碳气体可回收循环使用;其反应方程为:2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑;(3)含有氯化铵的滤液与石灰乳[Ca(OH)2]混合加热,所放出的氨气可回收循环使用;其反应方程为:CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2,2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl+2NH3↑+2H2O。其蒸馏废液都是沉淀后以废水和废渣(俗称“白泥”)的形式排放,造成环境的污染;其中,仅青岛、潍坊、天津、大连四大碱厂每年产生的“白泥”都有数十万吨。由于这些碱厂临海而建,大量废水和废渣都排在了近海,仅青岛碱厂就造就了九万平方公里的“白海”污染带。现在,急需一种能解决“白泥”污染的新途径。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种PVC热稳定剂及其制备方法,该PVC热稳定剂的热稳定效率高,其制备方法合理利用碱厂的排放废液,实现了废料的回收利用,大幅降低了生产成本。
一种PVC热稳定剂,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
所述碱渣稳定剂的制备方法,包括:取氨碱法制碱后的废液,与可溶性硬脂酸盐混合进行复分解反应,反应结束后,再经过滤、水洗和干燥,得到碱渣稳定剂。
上文所述的氨碱法制碱为常规制碱方法(如背景技术所述),经检测,该方法获得的废料(包含废液和废渣)中含有大量游离态的钙离子以及不溶于水的碳酸钙、硫酸钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅(硅酸盐)和氯化钠等混合物。所述废液先进行沉淀,取下层废渣浆,再与可溶性硬脂酸盐水溶液进行复分解反应;通过沉淀时间的控制,可以控制废渣浆中各组分的含量,尤其是钙离子的含量。
所述复分解反应的反应原理如下:
除氯化钙与硬脂酸根反应外,部分硫酸钙中的钙离子以及氢氧化钙中的钙离子也会与硬脂酸根反应,生成硬脂酸钙。
实验结果表明,本发明热稳定剂对PVC的热稳定效果优于纯硬脂酸钙、碳酸钙与硬脂酸锌、抗氧化剂、β-二酮混合后获得的热稳定剂。
经实验发现,上述结果的原因可能在于:氨碱法制碱后的废液中含有碳酸钙、硅酸盐(SiO2)、铝酸盐(Al2O3)、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙等形成的复杂复合体,其不溶于水且以胶体形态存在,具有极发达的孔隙体系和较大的比表面积,该孔隙能够吸附废液中难以去除的钠离子、钾离子和氯离子,以及游离的碳酸根、和氢氧根,使得制得的碱渣稳定剂也具有上述结构。
当PVC受热产生具有催化降解作用的氯化氢时,碱渣稳定剂孔隙中的碳酸根、氢氧根、硬脂酸钙、三氧化二铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙等都可以吸收氯化氢,而普通的硬脂酸钙/锌稳定剂只有硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钙可吸收氯化氢。
PVC体系中的硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、三氧化二铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙等吸收氯化氢后生成的氯化锌(ZnCl2)、氯化铝(AlCl3)、氯化钙(CaCl2)、氯化镁(MgCl2)从强到弱仍旧具有催化PVC分解的作用,只是效率比氯化氢低。但在碱渣稳定体系中这些有催化PVC降解作用的氯化物有很大一部分被吸附束缚在孔隙内不能和PVC接触,也就不能起到催化分解的作用,孔隙外部生成的金属氯化物有一部分也会与孔隙内吸附的氯化钠(NaCl),通过离子交换的方式跑进孔隙内部,丧失活性。所以碱渣热稳定剂有着非常优异的热稳定效果。
作为优选,所述的PVC热稳定剂,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
作为优选,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为45~95%。
进一步优选,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为55~75%。
更优选,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%。
具体地,所述脂肪酸锌为硬脂酸锌;所述抗氧剂为亚磷酸酯。
更优选,所述的PVC热稳定剂,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%。
本发明还提供了一种所述PVC热稳定剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取氨碱法制碱后的废液与可溶性硬脂酸盐混合进行复分解反应,反应结束后,再经过滤、水洗和干燥,得到碱渣稳定剂;
(2)将所述碱渣稳定剂与β-二酮、脂肪酸锌、抗氧剂进行混合,得到PVC热稳定剂。
进一步地,所述废液先进行沉淀,取下层废渣浆,再与可溶性硬脂酸盐水溶液进行复分解反应。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明将氨碱法制碱后的废液与可溶性脂肪酸盐水溶液进行复分解反应,得到碱渣稳定剂;并将该碱渣稳定剂与脂肪酸锌、β-二酮、抗氧剂等组分进行复合,得到了热稳定效率高的PVC热稳定剂;且该制备方法合理利用碱厂的排放废液,实现了废料的回收利用,大幅降低了成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐释。
热稳定剂的检测方法:
采用静态热稳定性试验法(烘箱变色法),参照ASTM2115-67,将试片置于铝片上,在热老化试验箱中于180℃恒温加热,每隔10min取样,观测试片颜色变化以评价热稳定性。试片的颜色用数值表示,对应关系见下表1。相同温度和时间下试片颜色越浅稳定剂的稳定效果越好。
表1 稳定剂不同颜色对应的数值
颜色 | 无色 | 微黄 | 淡黄 | 浅黄 | 黄色 | 棕黄 | 浅棕 | 棕色 | 深棕 | 棕黑 | 黑色 |
数值 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
实施例1
一种PVC热稳定剂,其组分为:碱渣稳定剂100份;脂肪酸锌33份;β-二酮11份;亚磷酸酯28份。
具体制备方法的步骤如下:
(1)取氨碱法制碱后的废液,沉淀后,取下层浆状废渣,滴加入硬脂酸钠水溶液中,持续搅拌,进行复分解反应,反应结束后,对反应产物进行压滤、水洗和烘干,得到碱渣稳定剂;
(2)将碱渣稳定剂与硬脂酸锌、β-二酮、亚磷酸酯混合,得到PVC热稳定剂。
本实施例中涉及的某碱厂氨碱法制碱后的废液化学组成如下(以废液的体积计):
表2 碱厂氨碱法制碱后废液的化学组成
组份名称 | 组份含量(kg/m3) | 组份名称 | 组份含量(kg/m3) |
CaCl2 | 95~115 | CaSO4 | 3~5 |
NaCl | 50~51 | SiO2 | 1~5 |
CaCO3 | 6~15 | Fe2O3+Al2O3 | 1~3 |
Ca(OH)2 | 3~7 | NH3 | 0.003以下 |
Mg(OH)2 | 3~10 |
由表2可知,该废液中能产生游离态钙离子(Ca2+)的氯化钙(CaCl2)含量很高,与其他可产生钙离子的氢氧化钙,硫酸钙加在一起占整个废液的85%左右(剔除NaCl与水)。
经测定,本实施例碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%。
对比例1
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为65份,碳酸钙为35份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
实施例2
本实施例除采用的碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为95%外,其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为95份,碳酸钙为5份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
实施例3
本实施例除采用的碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为85%外,其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
对比例3
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为85份,碳酸钙为15份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
实施例4
本实施例除采用的碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为75%外,其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
对比例4
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为75份,碳酸钙为25份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
实施例5
本实施例除采用的碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为55%外,其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
对比例5
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为55份,碳酸钙为45份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
实施例6
本实施例除采用的碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为45%外,其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
对比例6
本对比例中的PVC热稳定剂以硬脂酸钙和碳酸钙替换碱渣稳定剂,其中,硬脂酸钙为45份,碳酸钙为55份;其余组分用量以及制备方法均与实施例1完全相同。
取上述实施例1~6和对比例1~6的PVC热稳定剂4份,与100份PVC原料,50份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、4份环氧大豆油混合,一同加入高速混合机中,捏合均匀,再将混合料用二炼辊在160℃下塑炼5min,拉制成厚度为1mm的试片。采用上述检测方法测定该试片的热稳定性。
结果如下表3所示:
表3 不同实施例和对比例制得的试片的热稳定性
从上述结果可以知道,实施例中采用的PVC热稳定剂的热稳定效果显著优于相应的对比例;此外,当碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%时,对PVC的热稳定效果最佳。
Claims (8)
1.一种PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
所述碱渣稳定剂的制备方法,包括:取氨碱法制碱后的废液,与可溶性硬脂酸盐混合进行复分解反应,反应结束后,再经过滤、水洗和干燥,得到碱渣稳定剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
3.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为45~95%。
4.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为55~75%。
5.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%。
6.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸锌为硬脂酸锌;所述抗氧剂为亚磷酸酯。
7.如权利要求1所述的PVC热稳定剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
所述碱渣稳定剂中硬脂酸钙的质量分数为65%。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述PVC热稳定剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取氨碱法制碱后的废液,与可溶性硬脂酸盐混合进行复分解反应,反应结束后,再经过滤、水洗和干燥,得到碱渣稳定剂;
(2)将所述碱渣稳定剂与β-二酮、脂肪酸锌、抗氧剂进行混合,得到PVC热稳定剂。
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赵长伟 等: "皂化法合成硬脂酸钙新反应条件的研究", 《化工时刊》 * |
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