CN107306629B

CN107306629B - Method for constructing near-natural ecological slope bank

Info

Publication number: CN107306629B
Application number: CN201710478711.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈珉; 赵娜
Original assignee: East China Normal University
Current assignee: East China Normal University
Priority date: 2017-06-22
Filing date: 2017-06-22
Publication date: 2020-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-22
Also published as: CN107306629A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank, which adopts the methods of constructing a base slope bank, laying mixed earthworm soil, laying a soil fixation net, constructing a plant zone, removing algae plants and maintaining regularly, improves the water storage and drainage capacity of the slope bank, solves the problems of plant diversity and amphibian inhabitation, forms a near-natural ecological environment with sustainable development, has the functions of improving the green land area and strengthening the water and soil purification capacity, and is a self-adjustable ecological system. The invention follows the principle of harmonious coexistence of human and nature, adopts a new idea and a new process to construct the water body slope, can form a natural and healthy ecological circulation system, can reduce the later-stage manual maintenance cost, and is easy to operate and popularize.

Description

Method for constructing near-natural ecological slope bank

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of restoration ecology and urban ecology, in particular to a method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank.

Background

The slope is the transition zone from land to water. The slope bank in a natural state provides a growing substrate for plants, provides inhabitation and activity space for animals, plays an important role in conserving water sources, storing flood, preventing drought, maintaining biological diversity and ecological balance in an ecological system, and is a slope bank maintenance and improvement target vigorously advocated and promoted at home and abroad in recent years. The real ecological bank is a complete ecosystem consisting of plants, animals, microorganisms and environmental substrates, which has high biodiversity, and thus, the exchange of materials, energy and information can be continuously performed between the water body and the land ecosystem. The soil matrix supports the life process of animals, plants and microorganisms, and the animals, plants and microorganisms regulate the balance between organisms and the environment through the activities of the animals, plants and microorganisms to maintain the water and soil quality. Among these, microorganisms are the main biological population that absorbs and degrades contaminants; the plants can release oxygen and absorb elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in water and soil; the chelation, sedimentation reaction and the like generated by the soil substrate and plants can purify the water body, maintain the material balance, improve the environmental quality, form a natural barrier and buffer the pollution of the surrounding pesticide, industrial waste and the like to the water body; the natural transition zone of the land and the water also provides living conditions for a plurality of groups of animals such as benthonic animals, amphibians, insects, birds and the like, and increases the complexity and the balance of an ecological system. In addition, the complete and healthy slope bank system has self-repairing capability and has small requirement on manual maintenance.

With the development of social industrialization and urbanization construction, the natural slope covered by vegetation is gradually reduced. In the prior art, the slope construction mostly takes human social functions or landscape elements as the leading factor, and the natural functions of the slope are ignored. The artificial slope has the problems that firstly, when the artificial slope is constructed, factors such as flood speed, scouring resistance and water and soil conservation of rivers are considered, hard materials such as cement are mostly used, natural structures among water and soil are destroyed, the filtering and purifying functions of the slope are destroyed, the living conditions of animals and plants at water-land junctions are lost, the ecological functions of the slope are weakened, and the capacity of resisting disasters such as rainstorm and flood is reduced; secondly, considering factors such as easy construction and reduction of occupied area, the slope angle is more inclined to be vertical, so that animals cannot normally drink water and move, and the risk of drowning and death of the animals is caused; thirdly, most of the vegetation planted on the slope is single plants, the survival rate of the plants is low, the plants are easy to replace by invasive plants, the maintenance cost is high, the habitat of the inhabitation animals is damaged, and the complexity and the stability of an ecological system are reduced; fourthly, the treatment and the modification of the water body slope often lack relevant scientific basis and standard in the design and the construction process of actual work.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method adopts the methods of constructing a base slope bank, improving the soil structure of the base, dividing different plant zones and clearing river algae, realizes the problems of water storage and drainage capacity, plant diversity and amphibian inhabitation of the slope bank and a near-natural ecological environment of sustainable development, has the advantages of improving the green land area, strengthening the water and soil purification capacity and forming a self-adjustable ecological system.

The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) building a base slope bank with the gradient α less than or equal to 15 degrees at the riverway side, and removing the original hard soil layer on the surface of the base slope bank;

b) paving mixed earthworm soil on the surface of the base slope bank, wherein the mixed earthworm soil is prepared by mixing the earthworm soil and local soil in a ratio of 1:5, and the paving thickness is 0.45-0.55 m;

c) respectively paving a soil fixing net on the bottom layer and the surface layer of the mixed earthworm soil, wherein the soil fixing net is formed by weaving plant fibers;

d) taking the boundary line of the average water level surface of the river channel and the base slope as an equal-height datum line, sequentially constructing a herbaceous plant belt, a shrub plant belt and an arbor plant belt from the equal-height datum line along the normal line of the base slope in the direction far away from the river channel, constructing an emergent aquatic plant belt in the direction entering a water body, planting willows along the equal-height datum line, continuously planting 1-5 willows at an interval of more than 10m, and continuing planting;

e) removing algae in the water in the river channel;

f) setting the maintenance period to be two years, periodically checking every six months, replanting plants and willows in plant belts in one year, and repairing and reinforcing the soil fixing net on the mixed earthworm soil surface layer; if invasive species are found in the original hard soil layer of the base slope bank, ploughing the soil layer of the area, and crushing or burning root systems of invasive species plants; the width of the grass belt on the base slope is kept at 2m or above.

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method adopts the methods of constructing a base slope bank, improving the soil texture structure of the base, dividing different plant zones and clearing river algae, improves the water storage and drainage capacity of the slope bank, solves the problems of plant diversity and amphibian inhabitation, forms a near-natural ecological environment with sustainable development, has the functions of improving the green land area and strengthening the water and soil purification capacity, and is a self-adjustable ecological system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a near-natural ecological slope constructed by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a triangular soil stabilization net;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hexagonal soil stabilization net.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention includes the following steps:

a) building a base slope 1 with the gradient α less than or equal to 15 degrees at the riverway side, and removing the original hardened soil layer on the surface of the base slope 1;

b) paving mixed earthworm soil 2 on the surface of the base slope 1, wherein the mixed earthworm soil 2 is prepared by mixing earthworm soil and local soil in a ratio of 1:5, and the paving thickness is 0.45-0.55 m;

c) respectively paving a soil fixing net 3 on the bottom layer and the surface layer of the mixed earthworm soil 2, wherein the soil fixing net 3 is formed by weaving plant fibers;

d) taking the boundary line of the average water level surface of the river channel and the base slope 1 as an equal-height datum line 4, sequentially constructing a herbaceous plant belt 5, a shrub plant belt 6 and a tree plant belt 7 from the equal-height datum line along the normal line of the base slope 1 in the direction far away from the river channel, constructing an emergent aquatic plant belt 8 in the direction entering the water body, planting willows 9 along the equal-height datum line 4, continuously planting 1-5 willows at an interval of more than 10m, and continuing planting;

e) removing algae in the water in the river channel;

f) and setting the maintenance period to be two years, periodically checking every six months, replanting plants and willows 9 carried by the plants and repairing and reinforcing the soil fixing net 3 on the surface layer of the mixed earthworm soil 2 in one year.

If invasive species are found in the original hard soil layer of the substrate slope 1, turning over the soil layer of the area, and crushing or burning root systems of invasive species plants; the width of the grass belt 6 on the base slope 1 is kept at 2m or more.

Examples

The implementation process of the invention is as follows:

a) referring to fig. 1 and 2, a river slope is reformed, a base slope 1 with a slope α smaller than or equal to 15 degrees is built at the edge of the river, and the original hard soil layer on the surface of the base slope 1 is removed;

b) referring to the figures 1 and 2, the matrix of the base slope 1 is normalized again, mixed earthworm soil 2 is paved on the surface of the base slope 1, the mixed earthworm soil 2 is prepared by mixing the earthworm soil and local soil in a ratio of 1:5, and the paving thickness is 0.45-0.55 m, so that the soil base can finish the accumulation of the fertility in the early stage;

c) referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, soil fixing nets 3 are respectively laid on the bottom layer and the surface layer of the mixed earthworm soil 2, and the soil fixing nets 3 are formed by weaving straw ropes or hemp ropes twisted by plant fibers; the mesh shape of the soil fixation net 3 is triangular, rectangular or hexagonal, and the soil fixation effect of the base slope 1 is further realized by laying a layer of the soil fixation net 3;

d) referring to fig. 1 and 2, the boundary line between the average water level surface of the river and the base slope 1 is taken as an equal-height datum line 4, a herbaceous plant zone 5, a shrub plant zone 6 and a arbor plant zone 7 are sequentially constructed along the normal line of the base slope 1 in the direction far away from the river, the construction of the plant zone needs to follow the principle of protecting local species and respecting an original ecological system, and if the density of the original shrub plant zone 6 and arbor plant zone 7 is higher, thinning is carried out to avoid high-density arbors from appearing near water so as to meet the requirements of various birds; the herbaceous plant belt 5 can be selected from herba Medicaginis, herba Eleusines Indicae, Echinochloa crusgalli, radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae, Compositae, Leguminosae or Gramineae, the shrubbery plant belt 6 can be selected from radix Ceratostigmatis Willemottiani, fructus forsythiae pseudochinensis or Phyllostachys Pubescens, and the arbor plant belt 7 can be selected from fructus Ligustri Lucidi, flos Magnoliae or Sophora japonica; constructing an emergent aquatic plant zone 8 towards the direction of entering the water body, keeping the width at 1-2 m, recommending to plant reed, calamus or wild rice shoots, and killing escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria in sewage by means of secretions of reed and calamus systems; planting willows 9 along the contour reference line 4 to improve natural landscape, and meanwhile, the root systems of the willows can also stabilize soil at the junction of water banks to further fix the soil and improve the stability of the foundation slope 1;

e) referring to fig. 1 and 2, algae and invasive species in the river are removed, the algae are prevented from phagocytosing nutrients in the water, and emergent aquatic plants with developed root systems are planted on the emergent aquatic plant zone 8 to promote natural purification of the river.

f) Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the maintenance period is set to be two years, the inspection is performed periodically every six months, the plants and willows 9 in the plant belts are replanted in one year, and the soil fixing net 3 on the surface layer of the mixed earthworm soil 2 is repaired and reinforced.

If invasive species are found in the original hard soil layer of the substrate slope 1, the soil layer in the area needs to be ploughed, and the root systems of the invasive species plants are crushed or incinerated, so that the loss of later biological diversity is avoided.

The width of the grass belt 6 on the base slope 1 is kept at 2m or more, so that the inhabitation area of various birds is increased.

The invention takes ecological balance, ecological landscape and harmony of human and nature as starting points, provides habitation areas easy to live for land animals and amphibians, overcomes the defect that an artificial hard slope destroys a natural ecological system, increases the biodiversity of a slope area, improves the environment purifying capacity of plants and a slope matrix, improves or recovers the ecological function of the natural ecological system of the slope area, leads the function of ecological service to be proper, flexible and unique according to the local conditions by carrying out targeted seed selection on vegetation types, provides a better water and soil communication path for the ecological slope for creating a sponge city, has higher water storage and flood discharge capacity, can contain more vegetations and is beneficial to virtuous circle of the ecological environment.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a near-natural ecological slope bank is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) building a base slope bank with a slope of α at the edge of the river channel, and removing the original hardened soil layer on the surface of the base slope bank, wherein α degrees is 10-15 degrees;

b) laying mixed earthworm soil on the surface of the base slope bank, wherein the mixed earthworm soil is prepared by mixing the earthworm soil and local soil in a ratio of 1:5, and the laying thickness is 0.45-0.55 m;

d) taking the boundary line of the average water level surface of the river channel and the base slope as an equal-height datum line, sequentially constructing a herbaceous plant belt, a shrub plant belt and an arbor plant belt from the equal-height datum line along the normal line of the base slope in the direction far away from the river channel, constructing an emergent aquatic plant belt in the direction entering a water body, planting willows along the equal-height datum line, continuously planting 1-5 willows at intervals of at least 10m, and continuing planting;

e) removing algae in the water in the river channel;

f) setting the maintenance period to be two years, periodically checking every six months, replanting plants and willows in plant belts in one year, and repairing and reinforcing the soil fixing net on the mixed earthworm soil surface layer; wherein:

if invasive species are found in the original hard soil layer of the base slope bank, ploughing the soil layer of the area, and crushing or burning root systems of invasive species plants;

the width of the herbaceous plant belt is at least 2 m.