CN107306530A - A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306530A CN107306530A CN201710628843.XA CN201710628843A CN107306530A CN 107306530 A CN107306530 A CN 107306530A CN 201710628843 A CN201710628843 A CN 201710628843A CN 107306530 A CN107306530 A CN 107306530A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method, specific steps include soil treatment, vermiculite preparation, covering with plastic film, laying vermiculite and vermiculite and changed.The room temperature fruit tree soil alkaline processing method of the present invention is using Soil amelioration method and gathers siphon technology, realize the directional migration of salt alkaline constituents in soil, concentrate and remove, not only realize the improvement of soil alkaline, moreover it is possible to slow down the salinization of soil of soil in farming production in the future.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, more particularly to a kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes side
Method.
Background technology
According to statistics, China's salinized soil area is about 3.69 × 107hm2, tilth salinization area 7.6 × 106hm2, agricultural profit
Saline and alkaline emperor and saline and alkaline obstacle land area nearly 1.3 × 10 with potentiality7hm2, salinization of soil, salt occur for nearly 1/5th arable land
Root system injury of the salinity to crops in alkali arable soil is very serious, after the root system of crops is poisoned by salt, root system hair
Educate bad and early ageing.Salinity is more in alkaline land soil, and native table often has white salt alkali precipitation, ventilation, permeable bad, crop root system
Often there are poisoning, rotten, the phenomena of mortality, even if having put into substantial amounts of fertilizer can not be absorbed by crops, cause high throwing
Enter the negative effect of low output.The presence in large area salt-soda soil and the aggravation of soil salinization degree, it has also become restriction China agricultural
The key factor of production development, sustainable development of the improvement salinized soil to ensure agricultural is extremely urgent.
At present, the conventional method of salinization of soil improvement is Soil amelioration.Some developed countries such as big profit in the U.S., Australia
Chemical improvement agent is particularly applied on alkaline earth, such as gypsum, sulfuric acid, slag need after modifying agent is applied on salinized soil in Asia
Rinsed with a large amount of water, because the different sowing amounts of land type are also different, but it is in the regional application difficult of water resource shortage, Er Qiecheng
This height.This method can make soil infiltration be raised to 605mm from 292mm, although chemical modifying cost is higher, its economic benefit is
Considerable.Salinized soil is arid, barren usually to govern crop growth in addition to salt marsh endangers, and salinization intensity is presented
Aggravate, soil fertility lower trend, applying organic manure, straw-returning, turn over green manure herbage, changed using humic acid fertilizers etc.
Good saline-alkali soil, can all receive desalination and the better effects fostered and apply fertilizer.
Chinese patent CN106797725A discloses a kind of method of saline-alkali soil desalination, comprises the following steps：S1, in autumn
Field plough to be administered is fallen after crop harvesting, leveling is spread with winter irrigation is carried out after punctulate flexible material, treats that water consumpation is complete
After being oozed under complete, flexible material is taken off；S2, when the beginning of spring is sowed, opens up the wide 5cm zanjons of 10cm, and spread at sowing row both sides 30cm
If flexible material, in kind of row laying drip irrigation zone and a mulch film, in field, drip irrigation zone is dripped during water shortage, and moisture carries salinity to outside kind of row
Enclose and moved at 30~40cm, into flexible material, salinity is brought to flexible material surface by siphonage, this method combines dry
Drought-hit area farming feature, on the premise of not correcting tillage method, centralized collection is carried out using soil siphon principle to soil alkaline
Remove, reach cost-effective purpose.But this method processing salt affected soil is inefficient, and treatment effect is not obvious.
Chinese patent CN103484128A discloses a kind of alkaline land modifying agent and preparation method thereof and its application, saline and alkaline to change
Good dose is made up of carrier component and biological active component, and described carrier component is, by ground pumice, medical stone powder, vermiculite power, to take off
Sulphur gypsum, slag produced from steel-smelting composition, mass percentage content respectively be 20%-25%, 15%-20%, 10%-15%,
20%-25% and 25%-35%；Described microbial active ingredients are by nicotinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, serine, dimension
Raw element B1, vitamin B2 and glucose group into, mass percent be respectively 1%-5%, 2%-6%, 3%-5%, 2%-6%,
1%-2%, 1%-2% and 80%-90%, it is biological active component to be well mixed, and wherein biological active component accounts for vehicle group
The 8%~12% of sub-prime amount.But the cost of the alkaline land modifying agent is higher, and improved effect is not good.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above-mentioned problems, provide a kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method.
The present invention the used technical scheme that solves the above problems is：
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method, is comprised the following steps that：
Step S10, soil treatment：Fruit tree is followed successively by after autumn picking fruit and in the ranks applies base manure, winter water is filled, will be native in the ranks
Ground is smooth；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
It can be expanded through low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake can remove the volatile substances in vermiculite in addition, considerably increase its internal surface area,
Abundant internal surface area makes the salt base molecule for impregnating in soil easily attached thereto, improves the effect of soil alkaline processing
Rate.
Step S20, vermiculite prepares：According to every mu of 3~5m3Purchase cultivation vermiculite；
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse applying fruit trees with fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, in fruit tree base portion both sides covering with plastic film, two
The intermembranous gap for reserving 5~15cm capablely；
Step S40, lays vermiculite：5~15cm covered ground the vermiculites reserved in fruit tree covering with plastic film in the ranks, vermiculite covers
Lid thickness is 3~8cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered into 5~10cm, and covering vermiculite overall width is 15~35cm；
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, vermiculite is changed：It is different according to greenhouse soil degree of salinity, all vermiculites are disposably removed, weight
Newly cover new vermiculite.
Further, the vermiculite：Particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is 1.2~1.4, and bulk density is 1450kg/m3.
Further, step S10 soil treatment is applies soil improvement fertilizer, base manure to it, and the soil improvement fertilizer is wrapped
Include humic acid, vermiculite power, agricultural crop straw particle, oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate.
Further, the soil improvement fertilizer includes 15~25 parts of humic acid, 10~20 parts of vermiculite power, agricultural crop straw
2~6 parts of 15~25 parts of grain, 2~8 parts of oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate.
Soil improvement hypertrophy is generally organic matter, and organic acid therein will not produce pollution to soil, using physical chemistry side
Salt alkaline constituents in method improved soil, is tentatively improved to original soil, improves absorption of the fruit tree to nutritional ingredient.
Further, the method for applying soil improvement fertilizer, base manure is first applies soil improvement fertilizer, after irrigation of digging
Base manure is applied again, is digged again after secondary irrigation.
Further, fruit tree root has 0~5 centimetre of height with laying vermiculite part during prepartion of land in the ranks in step S10
Degree is poor.
There is certain altitude poor between fruit tree root and vermiculite part, the hydrogenesis evaporated from soil is leaned on film
Action of Gravity Field has the trend flowed to vermiculite part, more promotes guiding moisture displacement, increases saline and alkaline intensity,
Improve the directional migration ability of salt and alkali component in soil.
Further, before step S40 laying vermiculites, low-temperature bake or acid treatment are carried out to vermiculite.
Further, the detailed process of step S40 layings vermiculite includes：
Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；
Step S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；
Step S43, one layer of soil improvement fertilizer is covered on vermiculite, continues to lay vermiculite.
Further, in step S40, during laying one half thickness of vermiculite, ground film edge is fixed and continues to lay remaining leech
Stone.
Further, in step S50, the replacement cycle of vermiculite is 1~5 year.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1. applying soil conditioner, saline and alkaline by physico-chemical process improved soil, soil improvement agent prescription is simple, raw material
Cheap and easily-available, practicability is big；
2. the present invention impregnates saline and alkaline absorbent using vermiculite as soil, centralized collection is carried out to soil alkaline, it is unified
Remove；
3. the vermiculite cost that the present invention is used is cheap, just reusable through simple process, method is simple, and effect is bright
It is aobvious；
4. Soil amelioration method is combined with siphonage, while improved soil salinization of soil, moreover it is possible to further
Avoid or slow down the salinization of soil of soil.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention.
Marked in figure：10 be fruit tree；20 be mulch film；30 be vermiculite；40 be ground intermembrane space；B is laying vermiculite overall width；
H is mulch film gap width.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method
Process method step is as follows：
Step S10, soil treatment：Autumn fruit tree 10 is followed successively by fruit tree 10 and in the ranks applies base manure after plucking, winter water is filled, by row
Between prepartion of land；
Step S20, vermiculite prepares：According to every mu of 3~5m3Cultivation vermiculite is purchased, vermiculite particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is
1.2~1.4, bulk density is 1450kg/m3；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
It can be expanded through low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake can remove the volatile substances in vermiculite in addition, considerably increase its internal surface area,
Abundant internal surface area makes the salt base molecule for impregnating in soil easily attached thereto, improves the effect of soil alkaline processing
Rate.
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse fruit tree 10 is applied fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, in the base portion both sides covering with plastic film of fruit tree 10
20, ground intermembrane space is reserved between two row mulch films 20, mulch film gap width H is 10cm；
Step S40, lays vermiculite：The 10cm reserved in 10 covering with plastic film 20 in the ranks of fruit tree the covering leech of ground intermembrane space 40
Stone 30, vermiculite cladding thickness is 5cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered into 10cm, and laying vermiculite overall width B is 30cm.
The specific steps of laying vermiculite include：Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；Step
Rapid S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；Step S43, is covered on vermiculite
One layer of soil improvement fertilizer, continues to lay vermiculite.
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, vermiculite is changed：It is different according to greenhouse soil degree of salinity, all vermiculites are disposably removed, weight
New vermiculite is newly covered, the replacement cycle of burr is 4 years.
Embodiment 2
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method
Process method step is as follows：
Step S10, soil treatment：Autumn fruit tree 10 is followed successively by fruit tree 10 and in the ranks applies base manure after plucking, winter water is filled, by row
Between prepartion of land；
Step S20, vermiculite prepares：According to every mu of 3~5m3Cultivation vermiculite is purchased, vermiculite particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is
1.2~1.4, bulk density is 1450kg/m3；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
It can be expanded through low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake can remove the volatile substances in vermiculite in addition, considerably increase its internal surface area,
Abundant internal surface area makes the salt base molecule for impregnating in soil easily attached thereto, improves the effect of soil alkaline processing
Rate.
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse fruit tree 10 is applied fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, in the base portion both sides covering with plastic film of fruit tree 10
20, mulch film gap width H is reserved between two row mulch films 20 for 5cm；
Step S40, lays vermiculite：The covering vermiculite of 5cm ground clearances 40 reserved in 10 covering with plastic film 20 in the ranks of fruit tree
30, during one half thickness of laying, the edge of mulch film 20 is fixed and continues to lay remaining vermiculite, vermiculite cladding thickness is 8cm, by both sides
Mulch film respectively covers 10cm, and laying vermiculite overall width B is 25cm.
The specific steps of laying vermiculite include：Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；Step
Rapid S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；Step S43, is covered on vermiculite
One layer of soil improvement fertilizer, continues to lay vermiculite.
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, vermiculite is changed：It is different according to greenhouse soil degree of salinity, all vermiculites are disposably removed, weight
New vermiculite is newly covered, different according to salt marsh degree, the replacement cycle of vermiculite is 2 years.
Embodiment 3
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method
The composition of modifying agent：20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of vermiculite power, 20 parts of agricultural crop straw particle, 5 parts of oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate
4 parts
Process method step is as follows：
Step S10, vermiculite processing：According to every mu of 3~5m3Cultivation vermiculite is purchased, vermiculite particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is
1.2~1.4, bulk density is 1450kg/m3；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
It can be expanded through low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake can remove the volatile substances in vermiculite in addition, considerably increase its internal surface area,
Abundant internal surface area makes the salt base molecule for impregnating in soil easily attached thereto, improves the effect of soil alkaline processing
Rate.
Step S20, soil treatment：It is followed successively by fruit tree 10 and in the ranks applies soil improvement fertilizer, base manure, first using soil improvement
Fertilizer, applies base manure, is digged again after secondary irrigation again after digging and irrigating；
Soil improvement hypertrophy is generally organic matter, and organic acid therein will not produce pollution to soil, using physical chemistry side
Salt alkaline constituents in method improved soil, is tentatively improved to original soil, improves absorption of the fruit tree to nutritional ingredient.
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse fruit tree 10 is applied fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, control in the ranks the root of soil fruit tree 10 with
The difference in height for laying vermiculite part is 5cm, in the base portion both sides covering with plastic film 20 of fruit tree 10；
There is certain altitude poor between fruit tree root and vermiculite part, the hydrogenesis evaporated from soil is leaned on film
Action of Gravity Field has the trend flowed to vermiculite part, more promotes guiding moisture displacement, increases saline and alkaline intensity,
Improve the directional migration ability of salt and alkali component in soil.
Step S40, lays vermiculite：The distance that fruit tree 10 in the ranks reserves is 15cm, and for covering vermiculite 30, laying half is thick
When spending, the edge of mulch film 20 is fixed and continues to lay remaining vermiculite, the thickness of covering vermiculite 30 is 5cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered
10cm is covered, laying vermiculite overall width B is 35cm；
The specific steps of laying vermiculite include：Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；Step
Rapid S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；Step S43, is covered on vermiculite
One layer of soil improvement fertilizer, continues to lay vermiculite.
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, burr is replaced and cleaned：The precipitation degree of salinity on burr is checked, is disposably removed when accumulating more
All vermiculites, cover new vermiculite, the replacement cycle of burr is 3 years again.
Embodiment 4
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline processing method
The composition of modifying agent：25 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of vermiculite power, 25 parts of agricultural crop straw particle, 2 parts of oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate
6 parts
Process method step is as follows：
Step S10, vermiculite processing：According to every mu of 3~5m3Cultivation vermiculite is purchased, vermiculite particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is
1.2~1.4, bulk density is 1450kg/m3；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
It can be expanded through low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake can remove the volatile substances in vermiculite in addition, considerably increase its internal surface area,
Abundant internal surface area makes the salt base molecule for impregnating in soil easily attached thereto, improves the effect of soil alkaline processing
Rate.
Step S20, soil treatment：It is followed successively by fruit tree 10 and in the ranks applies soil improvement fertilizer, base manure, first using soil improvement
Fertilizer, applies base manure, is digged again after secondary irrigation again after digging and irrigating；
Soil improvement hypertrophy is generally organic matter, and organic acid therein will not produce pollution to soil, using physical chemistry side
Salt alkaline constituents in method improved soil, is tentatively improved to original soil, improves absorption of the fruit tree to nutritional ingredient.
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse fruit tree 10 is applied fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, control in the ranks the root of soil fruit tree 10 with
The difference in height for laying vermiculite part is 3 centimetres, in the base portion both sides covering with plastic film 20 of fruit tree 10；
There is certain altitude poor between fruit tree root and vermiculite part, the hydrogenesis evaporated from soil is leaned on film
Action of Gravity Field has the trend flowed to vermiculite part, more promotes guiding moisture displacement, increases saline and alkaline intensity,
Improve the directional migration ability of salt and alkali component in soil.
Step S40, lays vermiculite：The distance that fruit tree 10 in the ranks reserves is 10cm, and for covering vermiculite 30, laying half is thick
When spending, the edge of mulch film 20 is fixed and continues to lay remaining vermiculite, the thickness of covering vermiculite 30 is 3cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered
5cm is covered, laying vermiculite overall width B is 25cm；
The specific steps of laying vermiculite include：Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；Step
Rapid S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；Step S43, is covered on vermiculite
One layer of soil improvement fertilizer, continues to lay vermiculite.
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, burr is replaced and cleaned：The precipitation degree of salinity on burr is checked, is disposably removed when accumulating more
All vermiculites, cover new vermiculite, the replacement cycle of burr is 2 years again.
Embodiment 5
A kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method
The composition of modifying agent：15 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of vermiculite power, 15 parts of agricultural crop straw particle, 8 parts of oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate
2 parts
Process method step is as follows：
Step S10, vermiculite processing：According to every mu of 3~5m3Cultivation vermiculite is purchased, vermiculite particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is
1.2~1.4, bulk density is 1450kg/m3, cleaned up after vermiculite is handled 2 hours with 3% salpeter solution with water；
Vermiculite is a kind of natural, nontoxic mineral matter, and its crystal structure is monoclinic system, the ability with ion exchange,
Acid treatment through low concentration removes most of alkaline soluble materials, considerably increases its internal surface area, abundant internal surface area makes soil
Impregnate that the salt base molecule is easily attached thereto in earth, improve the efficiency of soil alkaline processing.
Step S20, soil treatment：It is followed successively by fruit tree 10 and in the ranks applies soil improvement fertilizer, base manure, first using soil improvement
Fertilizer, applies base manure, is digged again after secondary irrigation again after digging and irrigating；
Soil improvement hypertrophy is generally organic matter, and organic acid therein will not produce pollution to soil, using physical chemistry side
Salt alkaline constituents in method improved soil, is tentatively improved to original soil, improves absorption of the fruit tree to nutritional ingredient.
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse fruit tree 10 is applied fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, control in the ranks the root of soil fruit tree 10 with
The difference in height for laying vermiculite part is 5 centimetres, in the base portion both sides covering with plastic film 20 of fruit tree 10；
There is certain altitude poor between fruit tree root and vermiculite part, the hydrogenesis evaporated from soil is leaned on film
Action of Gravity Field has the trend flowed to vermiculite part, more promotes guiding moisture displacement, increases saline and alkaline intensity,
Improve the directional migration ability of salt and alkali component in soil.
Step S40, lays vermiculite：The distance that fruit tree 10 in the ranks reserves is 5cm, and for covering vermiculite 30, laying half is thick
When spending, the edge of mulch film 20 is fixed and continues to lay remaining vermiculite, the thickness of covering vermiculite 30 is 5cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered
5cm is covered, laying vermiculite overall width B is 15cm；
The specific steps of laying vermiculite include：Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；Step
Rapid S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；Step S43, is covered on vermiculite
One layer of soil improvement fertilizer, continues to lay vermiculite.
The full covered ground of greenhouse fruit tree is realized at vermiculite and mulch film interval, during winter heating production, due to the soil moisture
Rise, underground moisture rises to earth's surface, it is impossible to from mulch film surface evaporation, can only from vermiculite surface evaporation, soil it is saline and alkaline with
Water enters after vermiculite, moisture evaporation to be gathered saline and alkaline in vermiculite, and soil alkaline is carried out by covering with plastic film and laying vermiculite
Centralized collection, it is unified to remove, substantially increase production efficiency.
Step S50, burr is replaced and cleaned：The precipitation degree of salinity on burr is checked, is disposably removed when accumulating more
All vermiculites, cover new vermiculite, the replacement cycle of burr is 1 year again.
Experimental example
1. influence of the soil alkaline processing method to experiment soil conductivity
Cation in greenhouse fruit tree soil is with Na+、K+、Ca2+And Mg2+Based on, modifying agent is administered to for examination salinized soil
In, the change of soil cation is characterized with the change of soil conductivity, data below table 1 is obtained by measure.
Influence (unit of the salt alkali treatment method of table 1. to greenhouse fruit tree soil conductivity：mS/cm)
The trend of reduction is presented in experimental result surface, the electrical conductivity of the greenhouse fruit tree soil after processing, illustrates soil
In cations gradually reducing, it can thus be seen that improvement of such a improving technology to fruit tree salt affected soil in greenhouse
Effect is fairly obvious.The soil treatment simple technical method of the present invention is easily operated, and processing cost is cheap, and effect substantially, is adapted to
Large area, a wide range of popularization.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention and experimental example are these are only, is not intended to limit the invention, for this area
Technical staff for, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made appoints
What modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：
Step S10, soil treatment：Fruit tree is followed successively by after autumn picking fruit and in the ranks applies base manure, winter water is filled, in the ranks will put down in soil
It is whole；
Step S20, vermiculite prepares：According to every mu of 3~5m3Purchase cultivation vermiculite；
Step S30, overlay film：After greenhouse applying fruit trees with fertilizer, will in the ranks ground levelling, in fruit tree base portion both sides covering with plastic film, two rows
The intermembranous ground intermembrane space for reserving 5~15cm；
Step S40, lays vermiculite：5~15cm gap location covered ground the vermiculites reserved in fruit tree covering with plastic film in the ranks, vermiculite
Cladding thickness is 3~8cm, and the mulch film on both sides is respectively covered 5~10cm by vermiculite, and vermiculite covering overall width is 15~35cm；
Step S50, vermiculite is changed：It is different according to greenhouse soil degree of salinity, all vermiculites are disposably removed, are covered again
Cover new vermiculite.
2. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the vermiculite：
Particle diameter is 1~3mm, and hardness is 1.2~1.4；Vermiculite is covered：Bulk density is 1450kg/m3.
3. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S10's
Soil treatment is applies soil improvement fertilizer, base manure to it, and the soil improvement fertilizer includes humic acid, vermiculite power, agricultural crop straw
Particle, oxalic acid and magnesium sulfate.
4. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the soil changes
Good fertilizer includes 15~25 parts of humic acid, 10~20 parts of vermiculite power, 15~25 parts of agricultural crop straw particle, 2~8 parts of oxalic acid and sulfuric acid
2~6 parts of magnesium.
5. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the application soil
Earth improving fertilizer, the method for base manure apply base manure, after secondary irrigation again again first to apply soil improvement fertilizer after digging and irrigating
Digged.
6. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S10,
In the ranks during prepartion of land, fruit tree root has 0~5 centimetre of difference in height with laying vermiculite part.
7. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S40
In, before laying vermiculite, low-temperature bake or acid treatment are carried out to vermiculite.
8. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S40,
The detailed process of laying vermiculite includes：
Step S41, ground intermembrane space is flattened, and makes it below soil 2cm in the ranks；
Step S42, lays vermiculite in the groove of ground intermembrane space, and laying is extremely parallel with soil in the ranks；
Step S43, one layer of soil improvement fertilizer is covered on vermiculite, continues to lay vermiculite.
9. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in laying vermiculite
During to a half thickness, first ground film edge is fixed, it is rear to continue to lay remaining vermiculite.
10. greenhouse fruit tree soil alkaline low-cost processes method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S50
In, the replacement cycle of vermiculite is 1~5 year.
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