CN107290174B - Novel water sample-sediment combined sampler and sampling method thereof - Google Patents
Novel water sample-sediment combined sampler and sampling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290174B CN107290174B CN201710661576.6A CN201710661576A CN107290174B CN 107290174 B CN107290174 B CN 107290174B CN 201710661576 A CN201710661576 A CN 201710661576A CN 107290174 B CN107290174 B CN 107290174B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
- G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
- G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel water sample-sediment combined sampler, which comprises a connecting pipe, wherein a sampling control handle is fixed on the upper end face of the connecting pipe, the lower end of the connecting pipe is movably connected with a water sampling pipe, and the water sampling pipe, a transition pipe and a mud sampling pipe are sequentially connected; the water taking pipe is divided into a plurality of independent closed compartments through a baffle plate, the upper end and the lower end of one side of each closed compartment are respectively provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, the corresponding area of each water inlet hole is provided with an air bag, and the air bag is communicated with an external air source through an air inflation pipe; the side surface of the upper end of the mud sampling tube is provided with a water outlet hole, and the bottom is movably connected with a cutting device; the upper end face and the lower end face of the transition pipe are respectively provided with a drain hole; the connecting pipe and the water taking pipe are penetrated with a sealing operating rod, the upper end of the sealing operating rod passes through the sampling control handle and is fixedly connected with the sealing control handle, the middle part of the sealing operating rod passes through a baffle in the water taking pipe, and the lower end of the sealing operating rod is movably connected with a sealing piston in the transition pipe through a sealing operating piece. The invention also discloses a sampling method using the adoption device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sampling device for field investigation experiments in the field of water environment engineering, in particular to a novel columnar water sample and sediment dual-purpose sampler suitable for various water environments such as wetlands, rivers, lakes and the like and a sampling method thereof.
Background
The water environment is an indispensible part of natural environment, and has indispensible significance for the survival and development of human beings. The large amount of waste generated by human activities is discharged into water environments such as rivers, lakes and the like, and pollutants exceed the environmental capacity and self-cleaning capacity of the water, so that the water quality is deteriorated, the water environment is destroyed, and serious consequences such as water pollution, eutrophication, further shortage of fresh water resources and the like are caused. People also start to strengthen scientific research, development, utilization and protection of water environment, such as water environment monitoring, water pollution prevention and control and the like.
All the above works are needed to be carried out on the basis of a large amount of field investigation and sampling, and the sampling mainly comprises the collection of water samples and substrate sludge, so that the needs of the water sample and substrate sludge sampler which are simple, practical, convenient and efficient are great. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the water sample and the sediment sample is used for determining a series of problems such as the accuracy of the later sample analysis result and scientific research result, so that the water sample and the sediment collector have higher requirements. Such as water samples and mud samples with different position depths are required to be accurately collected; the shallow bottom mud contains more water, has high fluidity, is easy to be interfered to change the original property state, and has high plasticity, compaction and cementing degree, so that the shallow bottom mud can be supported, and when the columnar bottom mud sampler is applied, a good bottom mud sample can be obtained when the sampling depth reaches the harder plastic bottom mud regardless of the shallow bottom mud or the deep bottom mud; but the sediment sampling depth is large, the sediment is not easy to fracture, the fracture position is uncontrollable depending on the structure of the sediment during natural fracture, and the properties of the sediment also provide great challenges for the design of the sampler.
In the current field sampling process, two sets of devices for specially collecting water samples and bottom mud are generally needed, and the portable device is inconvenient to carry. Compared with other traditional cone-shaped grab bucket type sediment samplers, the columnar sediment sampler has the remarkable advantages of large sampling depth, continuous and complete sampling, layering of sediment samples, relatively smaller disturbance degree and the like. But there are also a series of drawbacks in real world operation such as: in order to ensure the strength, the whole bottom mud sampler is cylindrical, but only the bottom is used for collecting the bottom mud, so that the waste of upper materials is caused; the cylindrical sediment sampler is not provided with a sediment cutting device, the sediment is naturally broken only by means of the air tightness generated by the sealing of the upper part of the sampling cylinder, the uncertainty of sampling is caused, and the sediment cutting device with good effect is generally complex in working and operation and high in manufacturing cost; the columnar substrate sludge sampling pipe is easy to collect samples, and the substrate sludge can be taken out from the sampling pipe more troublesome and has larger disturbance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the difficulties in the process of sampling water samples and sediment and the defects of the water samples and the sediment samplers in the prior art, and provides a novel water sample-sediment combined sampler and a sampling method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler comprises a connecting pipe, wherein a sampling control handle is fixed on the upper end face of the connecting pipe, the lower end of the connecting pipe is movably connected with the upper end of a water taking sample pipe, the lower end of the water taking sample pipe is connected with the upper end of a transition pipe, and the lower end of the transition pipe is connected with the upper end of a mud taking sample pipe;
the water taking pipe is divided into a plurality of independent closed compartments through a plurality of baffles transversely arranged, the upper end and the lower end of one side of each closed compartment are respectively provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole which are communicated with the inside of the closed compartment, the area corresponding to the water inlet hole in each closed compartment is provided with an air bag, and the air bag is communicated with an external air source through an air inflation pipe;
the side surface of the upper end of the mud sampling tube is provided with a water outlet hole, and the bottom is movably connected with a cutting device;
a plurality of drain holes communicated with the inside of the transition pipe are respectively arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the transition pipe and positioned outside the water taking pipe and the mud taking pipe;
the upper end of the sealing operating rod penetrates through the sampling control handle to be fixedly connected with the sealing control handle at the upper part of the connecting pipe, the middle part of the sealing operating rod penetrates through the baffle in the water taking sample pipe, and the lower end of the sealing operating rod is movably connected with the sealing piston in the transition pipe through the sealing operating piece; and when the sealing control handle moves downwards to the lowest position, the sealing operation rod pushes the sealing piston to just seal the upper end of the mud sampling tube.
The upper part of the sampling control handle is transversely provided with a handle groove which is consistent with the shape of the sealing control handle, and when the sealing control handle is pressed down, the sealing control handle is clamped into the handle groove of the sampling control handle to form a complete cylindrical handle; the middle position of the sampling control handle is provided with a longitudinal handle through hole for the sealing operation rod to pass through.
The diameter of the connecting pipe is the same as that of the water sampling pipe, the upper part is welded with the sampling control handle, and the side surface of the lower part is provided with a stress raised head which is in threaded connection with the water sampling pipe through an internal thread.
Transparent organic glass materials are adopted for the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube, scales are arranged on the outer surfaces of the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube, and reinforcing sheets are arranged on the outer surfaces of the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube; the sealing operation rod passes through the through hole of the baffle plate and is provided with a rubber belt, so that the baffle plate is in close contact with the sealing operation rod, and water and air are prevented from moving across the baffle plate.
The two ends of the transition pipe are respectively connected with the water taking sample pipe and the mud taking sample pipe through threads, the diameter of the transition pipe is larger than that of the water taking sample pipe and the mud taking sample pipe, a transition partition plate is arranged at the inner bottom of the transition pipe, and a central through hole matched with the sealing piston is formed in the central position of the transition partition plate.
The sealing operation rod is of a hollow structure, and the inflation tube penetrates through the hollow structure to be connected with the air bag; the bottom of the sealing operation rod is welded with a sealing operation piece which is trapezoid, the upper part of the sealing operation piece is wide and the lower part of the sealing operation piece is narrow, an operation piece groove matched with the sealing operation piece is arranged at the upper part of the sealing piston, and the sealing operation piece is inserted into the operation piece groove and connected with the sealing piston.
The sealing piston is in an upper-lower two-stage step shape, the diameter of the upper part is larger than that of the lower part, and the half part of the sealing piston is matched with the central through hole of the transition plate, so that the top end of the mud sampling tube can be sealed.
The cutting device is made of stainless steel and comprises a cutting steel wire, a clamp spring and an insertion end; the insertion end is cylindrical and is a longitudinal cutting device of a mud sample, the inner diameter of the insertion end is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sampling tube, an inner screw and an outer screw are arranged at the upper part of the insertion end and are connected with the outer screw at the bottom of the mud sampling tube through the inner screw, and the outer surface of the lower part of the insertion end is a conical surface;
the clamping spring is an external groove type clamping spring, is clamped in the upper half part of the insertion end and can move up and down;
the length of the cut-off steel wire is the same as the inner diameter of the mud sampling pipe, two ends of the cut-off steel wire are respectively provided with a round bead, and the two round beads are respectively fixed in two opposite steel wire grooves on the inner side surface of the bottom of the mud sampling pipe.
The mud sampling tube is a cylinder formed by nesting two sections of C-shaped tubes, and two opposite steel wire grooves are formed in the inner side face of the bottom of the cylinder.
The outside of inserting the end has a seal base through threaded connection, after the sampling, can seal the sampling mud sampling tube bottom.
The adoption method for the novel water sample-sediment combined sampler comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation:
firstly, determining a sampling purpose, such as simultaneously collecting a water sample and a mud sample or separately collecting the mud sample and the water sample; secondly, determining sampling depth or sampling horizon; then measuring tools such as ropes are used for determining the water depths of different water environments; finally, determining the number of sections of the water sampling pipe and the sealing operation rod according to the water depth, and completing the sequential assembly of all parts of the sampler except the sealing base, wherein a transition pipe and the parts below the transition pipe are not required to be installed when the water sample is collected independently;
when water samples and mud samples are collected simultaneously, the water draining holes at the upper part and the lower part of the transition pipe are opened, the air bag is inflated, and the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes of the water taking sample pipe and the mud taking sample pipe are plugged.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the drain holes at the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe are opened, the water outlet holes of the mud sampling pipe are blocked, and the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes of the water sampling pipe do not need to be blocked.
When water samples are collected independently, the air bag is inflated to block the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole of the water taking sample tube;
2) Sampling:
when water samples and mud samples are collected simultaneously, the sampling control handle is held by a hand, the water surface is kept vertical, the sampler enters the water body, redundant air and water enter the transition pipe through the central through hole, and then the redundant air and water are discharged through the drain hole. When a water sample is taken, judging whether the target depth is reached according to the distance between the stressed protruding head and the water surface and the scale on the water taking sample tube, keeping the sampler still when the target depth is reached, deflating the air bag, opening the water inlet hole, enabling the water sample to enter the water taking sample tube, inflating the air bag after the water sample is taken, and sealing the water inlet hole. When the sediment sample is taken, when the gravity of the sampling device and the force applied to the sampling control handle can not reach the target depth, the larger force can be applied through the stress raised head. The jump ring is moved up by the friction of bed mud influence, if the bed mud sample has the trend that drops from the mud sampling pipe, then can drive the jump ring and move down the shrink, and then block bottom bed mud, prevent that the bed mud from dropping. The disturbance to mud appearance has been reduced to inserting end conical surface and cutting the steel wire, reaches the target degree of depth after, rotates the sampling control handle more than 180, cuts the steel wire and cuts the sediment, pushes down sealed control handle, and sealed piston shutoff central through-hole, sampling control handle and sealed control handle synthesis handle, reuse rope or sticky tape fixed handle, accomplish the sealing work to the mud sampling pipe top promptly, both guaranteed sealed effect like this, convenient operation again. After the mud sample is taken, the bottom of the sampling pipe is not sealed in the period of the lifting of the sampler in water, but the sealing piston at the top of the sampling pipe generates air tightness, and the clamp spring can prevent the bottom mud sample from falling off, so that the bottom mud can not fall off when the sampler is lifted in water, and the bottom of the sampling pipe is sealed by the screw-connection insertion end of the sealing base when the bottom of the sampling pipe is quickly separated from the water. After the sampler leaves the water body, the redundant water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously. After the sampler leaves the water body, the redundant water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part. The water inlet hole and the water outlet hole of the water sampling tube are not plugged, water freely enters and exits the water sampling tube, and when the mud sample is sampled, the water enters the water sampling tube, and after the mud sample is sampled, the water flows out of the water sampling tube again after the water is lifted off the sampler.
When the water sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the water sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
And observing the sampling condition through the transparent sampling pipe wall, and repeating the sampling if the sampling result is not ideal.
3) Taking out the sample:
and when the water sample and the mud sample are collected, the vertical state of the sampler is kept, the air bag is deflated, and then the screw of the water outlet hole of the water sampling tube is unscrewed, so that the water sample with the target depth can be obtained. And then removing the water sampling tube and the sealing operating rod, pulling out the sealing piston, opening a water outlet hole at the upper part of the mud sampling tube, removing water at the upper part of a mud sample in the mud sampling tube, removing the sealing base, and opening the nested mud sampling tube to obtain the mud sample according to the target depth.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of obtaining the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
When the water sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of collecting the water sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
If the sealing base and the sealing piston are not dismounted, the mud sampling tube can keep a good sealing state, and after the water sampling tube and the sealing operating rod are dismounted, the mud sampling tube is taken as a sampling tube, and the sampled mud sample can be directly sent to a laboratory for next operation so as to obtain the most accurate analysis result.
4) The following work:
the device is cleaned, and then is installed in sequence to perform the next sampling work.
The invention provides a novel dual-purpose sampler for columnar water samples and bottom mud and a sampling method thereof on the basis of inheriting the advantages of large sampling depth, continuous and complete bottom mud samples and the like of the traditional columnar bottom mud sampler.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
firstly, the sampler can be used for collecting a water sample and a sediment sample, the mud sampling pipe can be used as a sampling pipe and a sample storage pipe, and the stress raised head can bear external force and judge whether the sampler reaches the target depth according to the relative position of the stress raised head and the water surface, so that the sampler has complete functions, is simple and convenient to carry and operate, and has more economical and practical cost;
secondly, water samples of target horizons with different depths in different water environments such as shallow water, deep water and the like can be accurately collected;
thirdly, the simple and effective cutting device has smaller disturbance to the sediment sample and is complete and continuous;
fourthly, the sludge sampling tube is formed by nesting two c-shaped tubes, so that the bottom sludge sample is taken out more simply and conveniently;
fifthly, the design of the clamp spring can prevent the sediment sample from falling off.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the sampling control handle and the sealing control handle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the sealing panel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a seal piston according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a transition pipe structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a sampling tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the truncated wire of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the insertion end of the present invention;
FIGS. 9 a-9 e are schematic diagrams of the water sampling process of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a sampling control handle, 11, a handle groove and 12, a handle through hole; 2. the cutting device 21 cuts off the steel wire 22, inserts the end 23, the conical surface 24, jump ring; 31. the sealing control handle, 32, the sealing operation rod, 33, the sealing operation piece, 34, the sealing piston, 35, the operation piece groove, 36, the gas charging pipe, 37, the air bag and 38, the sealing base; 40. the scale comprises a scale, a mud sampling pipe, a joint, a steel wire groove, a water sampling pipe, a water inlet, a water outlet, a rubber belt, a baffle and a reinforcing sheet, wherein the scale is 41, the mud sampling pipe, the joint is 42, the steel wire groove is 44, the water sampling pipe is 45, the water inlet is 46, the water outlet is 47, the rubber belt is 48, the baffle is 49; 51. the connecting pipe, 52, the forced protruding head, 53, the transition pipe, 54, the central through hole, 55, the transition pipe baffle, 56 and the drain hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached hereto are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8 and 9a to 9e, the novel dual-purpose sampler for columnar water samples and bottom mud comprises a sampling control handle 1, a cutting device 2, a sealing device, a sampling tube and a connecting device.
The cutoff device 2 comprises a cutoff wire 21, a snap spring 24 and an insertion end 22.
The sealing device comprises a sealing control handle 31, a sealing operating rod 32, a sealing operating piece 33, a sealing piston 34, an inflation tube 36, an air bag 37 and a sealing base 38 at the bottom, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the outer surface of the sampling tube is provided with a water outlet hole 46 and is marked with scales 40, and the sampling tube comprises an upper water sampling tube 44 and a lower mud sampling tube 41;
the connection means comprise an upper connection pipe 51 and a lower transition pipe 53.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sampling control handle 1 is a hollow stainless steel tube, has a diameter of 50mm, comprises a handle groove 11 with a diameter of 25mm and a handle through hole 12 with a diameter of 15mm, wherein the handle groove 11 is cylindrical and is matched with the sealing control handle 31, and when the sealing control handle 31 is pressed down, the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 can be combined into a complete cylindrical handle, so that the novel cylindrical water sample and sediment dual-purpose sampler with double handles is easier to operate.
As shown in fig. 1, 7 and 8, the cutting device 2 is made of stainless steel, the insertion end 22 is a longitudinal cutting device of the bottom mud, the inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sampling tube 41, the upper part is provided with an inner screw and an outer screw, the lower part is provided with a conical surface 23, the resistance of the bottom mud to the sampling tube is reduced in the sampling process, the disturbance to the bottom mud is smaller, and the bottom mud with larger depth can be obtained; the outer groove type clamp spring 24 formed by processing spring steel 65 manganese and quenched and tempered steel 40 chromium has higher strength and elasticity, the clamp spring 24 moves upwards to open during sampling, a sampling pipe is extracted after sampling, if a sediment sample falls off from the sampling pipe 41, the clamp spring 24 is driven to move downwards to shrink, bottom sediment is clamped, and the sediment is prevented from falling off.
The length of the cutting steel wire 21 is the same as the diameter of the mud sampling tube 41, the diameter of the round beads at two sides is 2mm, the diameter of the cutting steel wire 21 is 1mm, and when the cutting steel wire 21 reaches the target depth, the sampling control handle 1 drives the cutting steel wire 21 to rotate by more than 180 degrees, so that the sediment sample can be easily cut off.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the sealing base 38 is screwed with the external thread of the insertion end 22 through the internal thread, and after sampling, the bottom end of the sampling tube 41 is sealed; the air charging tube 36 is connected to the air bag 37 through a hollow sealing operation rod, and the air bag 37 is close to the baffle plate and is annular; after the air inflation tube 36 is inflated, the annular air bag 37 is inflated to seal the water inlet hole 45, when the target water depth is not reached, water cannot enter the water taking tube 44, after the target water depth is reached, the air bag 37 is deflated, the water enters the airtight compartment of the water taking tube 44 through the water inlet hole 45, then the air bag 37 is inflated again to seal the water inlet hole 45, the water taken from flowing out is prevented, the air bag is sealed by the water inlet hole, and the water outlet hole is sealed by a screw.
The diameter of the sealing operation rod 32 is 15mm, the sealing operation rod can be in multi-stage threaded connection according to the actual sampling condition, the sealing operation rod passes through the handle through hole 12 and is welded with the sealing control handle 31, and the lower part of the sealing operation rod is welded with the sealing operation piece 33 in the same way;
the sealing operation piece 33 is trapezoid, the shape of the operation piece groove 35 is wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part, the operation piece groove 35 is matched with the sealing operation piece groove, the sealing operation piece groove 35 is movably connected with the sealing piston 34, the sealing piston 34 is a two-stage cylinder, the diameter of the lower part is 17mm, the diameter of the upper part is 30mm, in the mud sample taking process, after the mud sample target depth is reached, the sealing control handle 31 is pressed downwards, and the sealing piston 34 is pushed to seal the top end of the mud sample taking tube 41; the sampling of the mud sample is completed, the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 is not sealed in the period of the lifting of the sampler in water, but the sealing base 38 is in threaded connection with the insertion end 22 to seal the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 because the air tightness generated by the sealing piston 34 at the top of the mud sampling tube 41 and the clamp spring 24 can prevent the bottom mud sample from falling off, so that the bottom mud can not fall off when the sampler is lifted in water, and the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 is quickly separated from the water surface; after the sampler leaves the water body, the sealing control handle 31 is lifted up to separate the sealing operation piece 33 from the sealing piston 34, the sealing piston 34 can keep the sealing function, the water sampling pipe 44 and the devices above are removed, the mud sampling pipe 41 can be used as a sampling pipe, and the sealing property and the integrity of the sediment sample can be kept.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 6, fig. 9 a-fig. 9e, the water sampling tube 44 and the mud sampling tube 41 are made of transparent organic glass, the outer surface is marked with scales 40, water samples and sediment samples with corresponding depths can be obtained according to requirements, the inner diameter is 50-100 mm, the thickness is 4mm, the strength is increased by a reinforcing sheet 49, a rubber belt 47 enables a baffle 48 to be closely contacted with a sealing operation rod 32 to prevent water and air from moving across the baffle 48, the baffle 48 divides the water sampling tube 44 into a plurality of closed compartments, one side of each closed compartment is provided with a water inlet hole 45 and a water outlet hole 46, an air bag 37 controls whether the water inlet hole 45 is filled with water through inflation and deflation, so that a target depth water sample can be accurately obtained, after the sampling is completed, a plurality of compartments can take the same depth water sample or different depths, each water sample section of the water sampling tube 44 is 50cm long, and the water sampling tube 44 can be in a plurality of sections according to the actual sampling water depth in a whole cylindrical shape;
as shown in fig. 6, the bottom of the sludge sampling tube 41 is provided with two steel wire grooves 43 for fixing and cutting steel wires, which are two sections of c-shaped tubes with the length of 40-60 cm, are nested into a cylinder shape, after the sludge sampling is completed, the insertion end 22, the transition tube 53 and other devices are disassembled, so that the sludge sampling tube 41 can be opened, the sludge sample is directly obtained, and the secondary disturbance on the sludge is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 8, the connecting pipe 51 is 1m long and has the same diameter as the sampling pipe, the upper part is welded with the sampling control handle 1, and the lower part is provided with a stress raised head 52 which is in threaded connection with the sampling pipe 44 through an internal thread;
the transition pipe 53 spiro union water intaking pipe 44 and sampling mud pipe 41, the cavity diameter is wider than the sampling pipe 50mm, central through-hole 54 diameter is 15mm, be located the central position of transition pipe baffle 55, the sealing piston 34 plugs central through-hole 54, seal, water intaking pipe 44 is separated into airtight space by baffle 48, only through the gasbag 37 gassing, the water sample of target degree of depth can get into water intaking pipe 44 through inlet opening 55, the sampler is in the process of letting down, unnecessary air and water can only get into transition pipe 53 from sampling mud pipe 41 through central through-hole 54, and then be discharged by the wash port 56 that has been opened to transition pipe 53 upper and lower limb. The drain hole only discharges the redundant air and water of the mud sampling tube entering the transition tube, and the water sampling tube can only enter from the water inlet hole after the water sample with the target depth is taken out from the water outlet hole. When no water sample is taken, the water inlet and outlet of the water sampling tube are opened, and water can be fed in or discharged out at will.
As shown in fig. 1, the stress raised head 52 is made of solid stainless steel, is welded with the connecting pipe 51, has an outer diameter 150mm wider than the diameter of the connecting pipe, can apply additional force to the stress raised head 52 when the sampler cannot reach the target depth by means of self gravity and the force applied by the sampling control handle 1, and can judge whether the target depth is reached or not by the relative position of the stress raised head 52 and the water surface.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the sealing operation rod 32 is adapted to the length of the connection pipe 51 and the water sampling pipe 44, when the upper sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 can be combined into a complete cylindrical handle, the lower sealing piston 34 also just seals the central through hole 54 completely, and the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 can be fixed by using an adhesive tape or a rope, so that the sealing performance of the sealing piston 34 is maintained.
As shown in fig. 1 and 9 a-9 e, each closed compartment of the water sampling tube 44 is provided with a water inlet hole 45 and a water outlet hole 46, the air bag 37 is inflated and deflated to control the water inlet hole 45 to be opened and closed, and the water outlet hole 46 is plugged by a screw. When a water sample is taken, the water outlet hole 46 is plugged by a screw, air in the water taking sample pipe 44 is pumped out through the water inlet hole 45, and after the water sample is taken to a vacuum state, the air bag 37 is inflated to plug the water inlet hole 45; when the water inlet hole 45 reaches the sampling depth, the air bag 37 is deflated, the water inlet hole 45 is opened, and a water sample with the target depth enters the water taking tube 44; and then the air bag 37 is inflated to block the water inlet hole 45, after the water sample pipe 44 is extracted, the water sample pipe 44 is kept in a vertical state, the air bag 37 is deflated, and the screw of the lower part for blocking the water outlet hole 46 is unscrewed, so that the water sample can be obtained.
A sampling method by using a novel columnar water sample and sediment dual-purpose sampler comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation: firstly, determining a sampling purpose, such as simultaneously collecting a water sample and a mud sample or separately collecting the mud sample and the water sample; secondly, determining sampling depth or sampling horizon; then measuring tools such as ropes are used for determining the water depths of different water environments; finally, the number of sections of the water sampling pipe 44 and the sealing operation rod 32 is determined according to the water depth, and the parts of the sampler are assembled in sequence except the sealing base 38, so that the transition pipe 53 and the following parts are not required to be installed when the water sample is collected independently.
When water samples and mud samples are collected simultaneously, the water draining holes 56 at the upper part and the lower part of the transition pipe 53 are opened, the air bag 37 is inflated, and the water inlet holes 45 and the water outlet holes 46 of the water taking sample pipe 44 and the mud taking sample pipe 41 are blocked.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the drain holes 56 on the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe 53 are opened to block the water outlet holes 46 of the mud sampling pipe 41, and the water inlet holes 45 and the water outlet holes 46 of the water sampling pipe 44 do not need to be blocked.
When water samples are collected independently, the air bag 37 is inflated to seal the water inlet hole 45 and the water outlet hole 46 of the water taking pipe 44.
(2) Sampling:
when water samples and mud samples are collected simultaneously, the sampling control handle 1 is held by a hand to keep a vertical state with the water surface, the sampler enters the water body, and redundant air and water enter the transition pipe 53 through the central through hole 54 and then flow out through the drain hole 56.
When the water sample is taken, whether the target depth is reached is judged according to the distance between the stressed raised head 52 and the water surface and the scales on the water taking pipe 44, when the target water depth is reached, the sampler is kept still, the air bag 37 is deflated, at the moment, the water inlet hole 45 is opened, the water sample enters the water taking pipe 44, and after the water sample is taken, the air bag 37 is inflated, and the water inlet hole 45 is closed.
When the sediment sample is taken, when the target depth cannot be reached by means of the gravity of the sampling device and the force applied to the sampling control handle 1, larger force can be applied through the force-bearing convex head 52. If the bottom mud sample has a tendency to fall off from the mud sampling tube 41, the clamp spring 24 is driven to move downwards to shrink, so that bottom mud is clamped, and the bottom mud is prevented from falling. The disturbance to the mud sample is reduced by the conical surface 23 of the insertion end 22 and the cutting steel wire 21, after the target depth is reached, the sampling control handle is rotated by more than 180 degrees, the cutting steel wire 21 cuts the bottom mud, the sealing control handle 31 is pressed down, the central through hole 54 is plugged by the sealing piston 34, the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 are combined into one handle, and the handle is fixed by a rope or an adhesive tape, so that the sealing work of the top end of the mud sampling tube 41 is completed, and the sealing effect is ensured, and the operation is convenient. After the sampling of the mud sample is completed, the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 is not sealed in the period of time when the sampler is lifted in water, but the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 is sealed by the sealing base 38 in a screwed connection way by the inserting end 22 when the bottom of the mud sampling tube 41 is quickly separated from the water because the airtight performance of the sealing piston 34 at the top of the mud sampling tube 41 and the falling of the bottom mud sample can be prevented by the clamp spring 24, so that the bottom mud can not fall when the sampler is lifted in water. After the sampler leaves the water body, the excessive water in the transition pipe 53 flows out through the drain hole 56 at the lower part.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously. After the sampler leaves the water body, the excessive water in the transition pipe 53 flows out through the drain hole 56 at the lower part. The water inlet hole 45 and the water outlet hole 46 of the water sampling tube 44 are not plugged, water freely enters and exits the water sampling tube 44, and when mud samples are taken, the water enters the water sampling tube 44, and after the mud samples are taken, the water flows out of the water sampling tube 44 after the water is lifted off the sampler.
When the water sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the water sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
And observing the sampling condition through the transparent sampling pipe wall, and repeating the sampling if the sampling result is not ideal.
(3) Taking out the sample:
and when the water sample and the mud sample are collected, the vertical state of the sampler is kept, the air bag 37 is deflated, and then the screw of the water outlet hole 46 of the water sampling tube 44 is unscrewed, so that the water sample with the target depth can be obtained. And then the water sampling tube 44 and the sealing operation rod 32 are dismounted, the sealing piston 34 is pulled out, the water outlet hole 46 at the upper part of the mud sampling tube 41 is opened, water at the upper part of the mud sample in the mud sampling tube 41 is discharged, the sealing base 38 is dismounted, and the nested mud sampling tube 41 is opened, so that the mud sample can be sampled according to the target depth.
When the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of obtaining the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
When the water sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of collecting the water sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously.
If the sealing base 38 and the sealing piston 34 are not detached, the mud sampling tube 41 can maintain a good sealing state, and after the water sampling tube 44 and the sealing operation rod 32 are detached, the mud sampling tube 41 is taken as a sampling tube, and the sampled mud sample can be directly sent to a laboratory for next operation so as to obtain the most accurate analysis result.
(4) The following work: the device is cleaned, and then is installed in sequence to perform the next sampling work.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler is characterized by comprising a connecting pipe, wherein a sampling control handle is fixed on the upper end face of the connecting pipe, the lower end of the connecting pipe is movably connected with the upper end of a water taking sample pipe, the lower end of the water taking sample pipe is connected with the upper end of a transition pipe, and the lower end of the transition pipe is connected with the upper end of the mud taking sample pipe;
the water taking pipe is divided into a plurality of independent closed compartments through a plurality of baffles transversely arranged, the upper end and the lower end of one side of each closed compartment are respectively provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole which are communicated with the inside of the closed compartment, the area corresponding to the water inlet hole in each closed compartment is provided with an air bag, and the air bag is communicated with an external air source through an air inflation pipe;
the side surface of the upper end of the mud sampling tube is provided with a water outlet hole, and the bottom is movably connected with a cutting device;
a plurality of drain holes communicated with the inside of the transition pipe are respectively arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the transition pipe and positioned outside the water taking pipe and the mud taking pipe;
the upper end of the sealing operating rod penetrates through the sampling control handle to be fixedly connected with the sealing control handle at the upper part of the connecting pipe, the middle part of the sealing operating rod penetrates through the baffle in the water taking sample pipe, and the lower end of the sealing operating rod is movably connected with the sealing piston in the transition pipe through the sealing operating piece; when the sealing control handle moves downwards to the lowest position, the sealing operation rod pushes the sealing piston to just seal the upper end of the mud sampling tube;
transparent organic glass materials are adopted for the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube, scales are arranged on the outer surfaces of the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube, and reinforcing sheets are arranged on the outer surfaces of the water taking sample tube and the mud taking sample tube;
the mud sampling tube is a cylinder formed by nesting two sections of C-shaped tubes, and two opposite steel wire grooves are formed in the inner side face of the bottom of the mud sampling tube.
2. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the sampling control handle is transversely provided with a handle groove which is consistent with the shape of the sealing control handle, and when the sealing control handle is pressed down, the sealing control handle is clamped into the handle groove of the sampling control handle to form a complete cylindrical handle; the middle position of the sampling control handle is provided with a longitudinal handle through hole for the sealing operation rod to pass through.
3. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the connecting pipe is the same as that of the water sampling pipe, the upper part is welded with the sampling control handle, and the lower side surface is provided with a stress raised head which is in threaded connection with the water sampling pipe through an internal thread.
4. The novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ends of the transition pipe are respectively connected with the water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe through threads, the diameter of the transition pipe is larger than that of the water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe, a transition partition plate is arranged at the inner bottom of the transition pipe, and a central through hole matched with the sealing piston is arranged at the central position of the transition partition plate.
5. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler according to claim 4, wherein the sealing operation rod is of a hollow structure, and the gas tube penetrates through the hollow structure to be connected with the air bag; the bottom of the sealing operation rod is welded with a sealing operation piece which is trapezoid, has a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and an operation piece groove matched with the sealing operation piece is arranged at the upper part of the sealing piston, and the sealing operation piece is inserted into the operation piece groove and connected with the sealing piston;
a rubber belt is arranged in a through hole of the sealing operation rod penetrating through the baffle plate, so that the baffle plate is in close contact with the sealing operation rod, and water and air are prevented from moving across the baffle plate;
the sealing piston is in an upper-lower two-stage step shape, the diameter of the upper part is larger than that of the lower part, and the half part of the sealing piston is matched with the central through hole of the transition plate, so that the top end of the mud sampling tube can be sealed.
6. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler according to claim 1, wherein the cutting device is made of stainless steel and comprises a cutting steel wire, a clamp spring and an insertion end; the insertion end is cylindrical and is a longitudinal cutting device of a mud sample, the inner diameter of the insertion end is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sampling tube, an inner screw and an outer screw are arranged at the upper part of the insertion end and are connected with the outer screw at the bottom of the mud sampling tube through the inner screw, and the outer surface of the lower part of the insertion end is a conical surface;
the clamping spring is an external groove type clamping spring, is clamped in the upper half part of the insertion end and can move up and down;
the length of the cut-off steel wire is the same as the inner diameter of the mud sampling pipe, two ends of the cut-off steel wire are respectively provided with a round bead, and the two round beads are respectively fixed in two opposite steel wire grooves on the inner side surface of the bottom of the mud sampling pipe.
7. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler as claimed in claim 6, wherein the outside of the insertion end is connected with a sealing base through threads, and the bottom end of the sampling tube can be sealed after sampling.
8. The adoption method of the novel water sample-sediment combined sampler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparation:
firstly, determining a sampling purpose;
secondly, determining sampling depth or sampling horizon;
then determining the water depths of different water environments by using a measuring tool;
finally, determining the number of sections of the water sampling pipe and the sealing operation rod according to the water depth, and completing the sequential assembly of all the components of the sampler except the sealing base, wherein a transition pipe and the components below the transition pipe are not required to be installed when the water sample is collected independently;
when water samples and mud samples are collected simultaneously, the water discharge holes at the upper part and the lower part of the transition pipe are opened, the air bags are inflated, and the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes of the water taking sample pipe and the mud taking sample pipe are plugged;
when the mud sample is collected independently, the drain holes at the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe are opened, the water outlet holes of the mud sampling pipe are blocked, and the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes of the water sampling pipe do not need to be blocked;
when water samples are collected independently, the air bag is inflated to block the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole of the water taking sample tube;
2) Sampling:
when water samples and mud samples are collected at the same time, a sampling control handle is held by a hand to keep a state vertical to the water surface, the sampler enters the water body, and redundant air and water enter the transition pipe through the central through hole and are discharged through the drain hole;
when a water sample is taken, judging whether the target depth is reached according to the distance between the stressed protruding head and the water surface and the scale on the water taking sample tube, keeping the sampler still when the target water depth is reached, deflating the air bag, opening the water inlet hole, enabling the water sample to enter the water taking sample tube, inflating the air bag after the water sample is taken, and sealing the water inlet hole;
when a sediment sample is taken, when the gravity of the sampling device and the force applied to the sampling control handle can not reach the target depth, larger force can be applied through the stress raised head, the clamp spring moves upwards under the influence of the friction of the sediment, if the sediment sample has a tendency of falling from the sediment sampling tube, the clamp spring can be driven to move downwards to shrink so as to clamp the bottom sediment, the sediment is prevented from falling, the conical surface of the insertion end and the cut-off steel wire reduce the disturbance to the sediment sample, after the target depth is reached, the sampling control handle is rotated by more than 180 degrees, the cut-off steel wire cuts off the sediment, the sealing control handle is pressed down, the sealing piston seals the central through hole, the sampling control handle and the sealing control handle are combined into one handle, and the handle is fixed by a rope or an adhesive tape, so that the sealing work of the top end of the sediment sampling tube is finished, the sealing effect is ensured, and the operation is convenient; after the sampling of the mud sample is finished, the bottom of the mud sampling tube is not sealed in the period of time when the sampler is lifted in water, but the bottom of the mud sampling tube is sealed by using a sealing base screw-connected insertion end before the bottom of the mud sampling tube is quickly separated from the water because the sealing piston at the top of the mud sampling tube generates air tightness and the clamp spring can prevent the bottom mud sample from falling off; after the sampler leaves the water body, the redundant water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part;
when the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously; after the sampler leaves the water body, the redundant water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part; the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole of the water sampling tube are not plugged, water freely enters and exits the water sampling tube, and when the mud sample is sampled, the water enters the water sampling tube, and after the mud sample is sampled, the water flows out of the water sampling tube after being lifted off the water body on the sampler;
when water samples are collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of taking the water samples when the water samples and the mud samples are collected simultaneously;
observing the sampling condition through the transparent sampling pipe wall, and if the sampling result is not ideal, repeating the sampling;
3) Taking out the sample:
when the water sample and the mud sample are collected, the vertical state of the sampler is kept, the air bag is deflated, and then the screw of the water outlet hole of the water sampling tube is unscrewed, so that the water sample with the target depth can be obtained; then removing the water sampling tube and the sealing operation rod, pulling out the sealing piston, opening a water outlet hole at the upper part of the mud sampling tube, removing water at the upper part of a mud sample at the bottom of the mud sampling tube, removing the sealing base, and opening the nested mud sampling tube to obtain the mud sample according to the target depth;
when the mud sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of obtaining the mud sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously;
when the water sample is collected independently, the process is the same as the operation of acquiring the water sample when the water sample and the mud sample are collected simultaneously;
if the sealing base and the sealing piston are not dismounted, the mud sampling tube can keep a good sealing state, and after the water sampling tube and the sealing operation rod are dismounted, the mud sampling tube is taken as a sampling tube, and the mud sampling can be directly sent to a laboratory for next operation so as to obtain the most accurate analysis result;
4) The following work:
the device is cleaned, and then is installed in sequence to perform the next sampling work.
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