CN107290174A - New water sample bed mud combined sampling device and its method for sampling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel water sample-sediment combined sampler, which comprises a connecting pipe, a sampling control handle is fixed on the upper end surface of the connecting pipe, and the lower end is movably connected with the water sampling pipe, and the water sampling pipe, the transition pipe and the mud collecting pipe The sample tubes are connected in sequence; the water sample tube is divided into multiple independent airtight compartments by baffles, and the upper and lower ends of one side of each airtight compartment are respectively provided with water inlet and outlet holes, and each water inlet hole is Corresponding areas are equipped with airbags, and the airbags communicate with the external air source through the inflatable tube; the upper side of the mud sample pipe is provided with a water outlet, and the bottom is movable connected with a cut-off device; the upper and lower ends of the transition pipe are respectively provided with drain holes; the connecting pipe 1. There is a sealed operating rod running through the water sampling pipe, the upper end of the sealed operating rod passes through the sampling control handle and is fixedly connected with the sealed control handle, the middle part passes through the baffle in the water sampling pipe, and the lower end passes through the sealing operating piece and the Sealed piston articulation. The invention also discloses a sampling method utilizing the adopter.

Description

A new water sample-sediment combined sampler and its sampling method

technical field

The invention relates to a field investigation experiment sampling device in the field of water environment engineering, in particular to a novel columnar water sample and sediment dual-purpose sampler and a sampling method applicable to various water environments such as wetlands, rivers, and lakes.

Background technique

The water environment is an inseparable part of the natural environment and has irreplaceable significance for the survival and development of human beings. A large amount of waste produced by human activities is discharged into rivers, rivers, lakes and other water bodies. The pollutants exceed the environmental capacity and self-purification capacity of the water body, deteriorating the water quality and destroying the water environment, resulting in water pollution, eutrophication, and further deterioration of fresh water resources. serious consequences such as shortages. People have also begun to strengthen the scientific research, development, utilization and protection of the water environment, such as water environment monitoring and water pollution prevention and control.

The above-mentioned work needs to be carried out on the basis of a large number of field surveys and samples. Sampling mainly includes collecting water samples and sediments. Therefore, there is a great demand for simple, practical, convenient and efficient water and sediment samplers. At the same time, the accuracy of water sample and sediment sample collection determines a series of issues such as the accuracy of subsequent sample analysis results and scientific research results, so there are higher requirements for water sample and sediment collectors. For example, it is necessary to accurately collect water samples and mud samples at different depths; the shallow bottom mud contains more water, has high fluidity, and is easily disturbed to change the original property state; the deep bottom mud is plastic, and the degree of compaction and cementation is relatively low. Therefore, when using a columnar sediment sampler, no matter whether shallow sediment or deep sediment is taken, a better sediment sample can only be obtained when the sampling depth reaches the harder plastic sediment; but The sampling depth of the sediment is large and it is not easy to break. The natural fracture depends on the structure of the sediment, and the location of the fracture is uncontrollable. These properties of the sediment also pose a great challenge to the design of the sampler.

In the current field sampling process, two sets of devices for collecting water samples and sediment are generally required, which is inconvenient to carry. Compared with other traditional cone-shaped and grab-type sediment samplers, the columnar sediment sampler has significant advantages such as large sampling depth, continuous and complete sampling, stratification of sediment samples and relatively small disturbance. However, there are also a series of defects in actual operation. For example, in order to ensure the strength, the sediment sampler is cylindrical as a whole, but only the bottom is used to collect sediment, which causes waste of upper materials; some cylindrical sediment samplers do not have The bottom mud intercepting device only relies on the airtightness generated by the upper seal of the sampling cylinder to make the bottom mud naturally break, which causes the uncertainty of sampling. However, the bottom mud intercepting device with good effect is generally workmanship, complicated operation, and expensive. High; it is easier to collect samples with a columnar sediment sampling tube, but it is more troublesome and disturbing to take out the sediment from the sampling tube.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of water sample-bottom mud combined sampler and its sampling method for overcoming the difficulties in the process of water samples and bottom mud sampling in the prior art and the defects of water samples and bottom mud samplers. The method has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, little disturbance to bottom mud samples, complete and continuous water samples and mud samples of different layers and depths, and has the function of preserving samples.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A new type of water sample-sediment combined sampler, including a connecting pipe, a sampling control handle is fixed on the upper surface of the connecting pipe, the lower end is movably connected to the upper end of the water sampling pipe, the lower end of the water sampling pipe is connected to the upper end of a transition pipe, and the transition pipe The lower end is connected with the upper end of the mud sampling pipe;

The water sampling pipe is divided into multiple independent airtight compartments by a number of baffles arranged horizontally, and the upper and lower ends of one side of each airtight compartment are respectively provided with water inlet and outlet holes communicating with the interior of the airtight compartment. Each airtight compartment is provided with an airbag in the area corresponding to the water inlet hole, and the airbag communicates with an external air source through an inflatable tube;

There is a water outlet hole on the side of the upper end of the mud sample pipe, and a cut-off device is movable at the bottom;

On the upper and lower end surfaces of the transition pipe and at the positions outside the water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe, a number of drainage holes communicating with the interior of the transition pipe are respectively opened;

A sealing operating rod runs through the connecting pipe and the water sampling pipe, the upper end of the sealing operating rod passes through the sampling control handle and is fixedly connected with the sealing control handle on the upper part of the connecting pipe, the middle part passes through the baffle in the water sampling pipe, and the lower end passes through the sealing The operating piece is movably connected with the sealing piston located in the transition pipe; and when the sealing control handle moves down to the lowest position, the sealing operating rod pushes the sealing piston just to seal the upper end of the mud sample pipe.

The upper part of the sampling control handle is horizontally provided with a handle groove consistent with the shape of the sealed control handle. When the sealed control handle is pressed, the sealed control handle snaps into the handle groove of the sampling control handle to form a complete cylindrical handle; A longitudinal handle through hole is arranged in the middle of the sampling control handle through which the sealing operating rod passes.

The diameter of the connecting pipe is the same as that of the water sampling pipe, the upper part is welded with the sampling control handle, and the side of the lower part is provided with a stressed protruding head, which is threaded with the water sampling pipe through an internal thread.

The water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe are all made of transparent plexiglass, and scales are arranged on the outer surface, and the outer surfaces of the water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe are all provided with reinforcing sheets; the sealing operation rod passes through the stop A rubber band is provided in the through hole of the plate, so that the baffle is in close contact with the sealing operating rod, preventing water and air from moving across the baffle.

The two ends of the transition pipe are respectively connected with the water sample pipe and the mud sample pipe through threads, the diameter of the transition pipe is larger than the diameter of the water sample pipe and the mud sample pipe, and there is a transition partition at the bottom of the transition pipe, and the center position of the transition partition is A central through hole matching the sealing piston is provided.

The sealing operating rod is a hollow structure, and the inflatable tube passes through the hollow structure to connect with the air bag; the sealing operating rod is welded with a sealing operating piece, which is trapezoidal, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The matched operation piece groove, the sealing operation piece is inserted into the operation piece groove and connected with the sealing piston.

The sealing piston is in the shape of upper and lower steps, the diameter of the upper part is larger than the diameter of the lower part, and the half part of the sealing piston matches the through hole in the center of the transition plate, which can seal the top of the mud sample pipe.

The cut-off device is made of stainless steel, including a cut-off steel wire, a circlip and an insertion end; the insertion end is cylindrical, and is a longitudinal cut-off device for mud samples, and the inner diameter of the insertion end is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sample pipe, and the insertion end There are inner and outer screws on the upper part, which are connected with the outer thread at the bottom of the mud sample pipe through the inner thread, and the outer surface of the lower part of the insertion end is a tapered surface;

The circlip is an outer groove type circlip, which is stuck inside the upper half of the insertion end and can move up and down;

The cut-off steel wire is a horizontal cut-off device for mud samples, the length of which is the same as the inner diameter of the mud sample-taking pipe, and a ball is respectively arranged at both ends of the cut-off steel wire, and the two balls are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of the inner surface of the bottom of the mud-sample pipe. in a wire groove.

The mud sampling pipe is a cylinder composed of two sections of C-shaped pipes nested, and two opposite steel wire grooves are arranged on the inner surface of the bottom.

The outside of the insertion end is threadedly connected to a sealing base, which can seal the bottom end of the mud sampling pipe after sampling is completed.

Utilize the adopting method of novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler, comprise the steps:

1) Preparation:

First determine the purpose of sampling, such as collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time or separately collecting mud samples and water samples; secondly, determine the sampling depth or sampling horizon; then use measuring tools such as ropes to determine the water depth of different water environments; finally, according to the water depth Determine the number of sections of the water sampling tube and the sealing operating rod, and assemble the parts of the sampler in sequence except for the sealing base. When collecting water samples alone, it is not necessary to install the transition tube and its following parts;

When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, open the drainage holes on the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe, inflate the air bag, and block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sample pipe and the mud sample pipe.

When collecting mud samples separately, open the drainage holes on the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe, and block the water outlet holes of the mud sample pipes. It is not necessary to block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sample pipes.

When collecting water samples alone, the air bag is inflated to block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sampling pipe;

2) To sample:

When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, hold the sampling control handle and keep it vertical to the water surface. The sampler enters the water body, and the excess air and water enter the transition pipe through the central through hole, and then discharge through the drain hole. When taking water samples, judge whether the target depth is reached according to the distance between the stressed convex head and the water surface and the scale on the water sampling tube. When the target water depth is reached, keep the sampler still and deflate the air bag. At this time, the water inlet hole is opened. , the water sample enters the water sample pipe, and after the water sample is taken, the air bag is inflated to close the water inlet hole. When taking a sediment sample, when the target depth cannot be reached by relying on the gravity of the sampling device itself and applying force to the sampling control handle, a greater force can be applied through the stressed protrusion. The circlip is moved up due to the friction of the bottom mud. If the bottom mud sample tends to fall off from the mud sampling pipe, it will drive the circlip to move down and shrink, and then block the bottom mud to prevent the bottom mud from falling. The conical surface of the insertion end and the cut-off steel wire reduce the disturbance to the mud sample. After reaching the target depth, turn the sampling control handle over 180°, cut off the steel wire to cut off the sediment, press down the sealing control handle, and the sealing piston seals the central through hole , the sampling control handle and the sealing control handle are combined into one handle, and then the handle is fixed with a rope or tape to complete the sealing work on the top of the mud sampling pipe, which not only ensures the sealing effect, but also facilitates operation. After the mud sample is taken, the bottom of the mud sample tube is not sealed during the period when the sampler is lifted up in the water, but the air tightness generated by the sealing piston at the top of the mud sample tube and the circlip can prevent the sediment sample from falling off , have ensured that the bottom mud will not fall when the sampler is extracted in the water, and when the bottom of the mud sample pipe is about to leave the water body, the bottom of the mud sample pipe is sealed with the screw connection insertion end of the sealing base. After the sampler leaves the water body, excess water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part.

When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as that of taking mud samples when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time. After the sampler leaves the water body, excess water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part. However, the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sample pipe are not blocked, and the water freely enters and exits the water sample pipe. When taking mud samples, the water enters the water sample pipe. The water then flows out of the sampling tube.

When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

Observe the sampling situation through the transparent sampling tube wall. If the sampling result is not satisfactory, repeat the sampling.

3) Take out the sample:

When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, keep the sampler in a vertical state, deflate the air bag, and then unscrew the screw of the outlet hole of the water sample pipe to obtain the water sample at the target depth. Then remove the water sampling tube and the sealing operating rod, pull out the sealing piston, open the water outlet hole on the upper part of the mud sampling tube, let off the water on the upper part of the sediment sample in the mud sampling tube, remove the sealing base, and open the nested mud sampling tube. The sample tube can be used to take mud samples according to the target depth.

When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

If the sealing base and sealing piston are not disassembled, the mud sample pipe can maintain a good sealing state. The laboratory proceeds to the next step to obtain the most accurate analytical results.

4) Follow-up work:

Clean the device, and then install it in order for the next sampling work.

The present invention provides a novel columnar water sample and bottom mud dual-purpose sampler and a sampling method thereof on the basis of inheriting the advantages of the traditional columnar bottom mud sampler such as large sampling depth and continuous and complete bottom mud sample.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

One is that the sampler can be used in one device, which can not only collect water samples but also collect sediment samples. The mud sample pipe can be used as both a sampling pipe and a sample storage pipe. Its position relative to the water surface judges whether the sampler has reached the target depth, making it fully functional, easy to carry and operate, and more economical in cost;

Second, it can accurately collect water samples at different depth target layers in different water environments such as shallow water and deep water;

The third is a simple and effective cut-off device, which has less disturbance to the sediment sample and is complete and continuous;

Fourth, the mud sample pipe is nested by two C-shaped pipes, which makes it easier and more convenient to take out sediment samples;

Fifth, the design of the circlip can prevent the bottom mud sample from falling off.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sampling control handle and the sealing control handle of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a top view of the sealing operation piece of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of sealing piston of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of transition pipe of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of mud sampling pipe of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the cut steel wire structure of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insertion end of the present invention;

Figure 9a-Figure 9e is a schematic diagram of the water sampling process of the present invention;

Among them: 1. Sampling control handle, 11. Handle groove, 12. Handle through hole; 2. Cut-off device, 21. Cut-off steel wire, 22. Insertion end, 23. Cone surface, 24. Circlip; 31. Sealed control handle , 32. Sealed operating rod, 33. Sealed operating piece, 34 Sealed piston, 35. Operating piece groove, 36. Inflatable tube, 37. Air bag, 38. Sealed base; 40. Scale, 41. Mud sample taking tube, 42 .Interface, 43. Steel wire groove, 44. Water sample pipe, 45. Water inlet hole, 46. Water outlet hole, 47. Rubber belt, 48. Baffle plate, 49. Reinforcement sheet; 51. Connecting pipe, 52. Receiving Force convex head, 53. transition pipe, 54. center through hole, 55. transition pipe dividing plate, 56. drainage hole.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached to this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification for the understanding and reading of those who are familiar with this technology, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention , so it has no technical substantive meaning, and any modification of structure, change of proportional relationship or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention without affecting the functions and objectives of the present invention. The technical content must be within the scope covered. At the same time, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of this specification. The practicable scope of the invention and the change or adjustment of its relative relationship shall also be regarded as the practicable scope of the present invention without any substantial change in the technical content.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9a-Fig. 9e, the dual-purpose sampler for columnar water sample and sediment includes a sampling control handle 1, a cutting device 2, a sealing device, a sampling pipe and a connecting device.

The cutting device 2 includes a cutting steel wire 21 , a snap spring 24 and an insertion end 22 .

The sealing device includes a sealing control handle 31, a sealing operating rod 32, a sealing operating piece 33, a sealing piston 34, an inflation tube 36, an air bag 37 and a sealing base 38 at the bottom, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;

The outer surface of the sampling pipe has a water outlet hole 46, and is marked with a scale 40, including an upper water sampling pipe 44 and a lower mud sampling pipe 41;

The connecting device includes an upper connecting pipe 51 and a lower transition pipe 53 .

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sampling control handle 1 is a hollow stainless steel tube with a diameter of 50 mm, including a handle groove 11 with a diameter of 25 mm and a handle through hole 12 with a diameter of 15 mm. The handle groove 11 is cylindrical and sealed with the control handle 31 Correspondingly, when the sealing control handle 31 is pressed down, the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 can be combined into a complete cylindrical handle, making the dual-handle dual-purpose columnar water and sediment sampler easier to operate.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the cut-off device 2 is made of stainless steel, and the insertion end 22 is a longitudinal cut-off device for bottom mud, and the inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sample pipe 41, and the top has inner and outer screws, The outer surface of the lower part is a conical surface 23. During the sampling process, the resistance of the sediment to the sampling pipe is reduced, the disturbance to the sediment is smaller, and the sediment at a greater depth can be obtained; the spring steel 65 manganese and the quenched and tempered steel 40 The outer groove type jumper 24 that chrome is processed, jumper 24 has higher strength and elasticity, and jumper 24 moves up and opens during sampling, and upper extraction sample pipe is taken after sampling, if sediment sample is taken from mud sample pipe 41 If it falls off, it will drive the jumper 24 to move down and contract, and then block the bottom mud to prevent the bottom mud from falling.

The cut-off steel wire 21 is a horizontal cut-off device for the mud sample, the length is the same as the diameter of the mud sample pipe 41, the diameter of the balls on both sides is 2 mm, and the cut-off steel wire 21 has a diameter of 1 mm. When reaching the target depth, the sampling control handle 1 drives the cut-off steel wire 21 to rotate More than 180°, you can easily cut off the sediment sample.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, the sealing base 38 is screwed with the external thread of the insertion end 22 through the internal thread, and after the sampling is completed, the bottom end of the mud sample pipe 41 is sealed; The sealing operation rod is connected to the air bag 37, and the air bag 37 is ring-shaped near the baffle plate; after being inflated by the inflation tube 36, the annular air bag 37 expands to seal the water inlet 45, and when the target water depth is not reached, the water cannot enter the intake The water sample pipe 44, after reaching the target depth, deflates the air bag 37, water enters the airtight compartment of the water sample pipe 44 through the water inlet hole 45, and then inflates the air bag 37 again to seal the water inlet hole 45 to prevent the water from being taken. If the sample flows out, the water inlet hole is blocked by the air bag, and the water outlet hole is blocked by a screw.

The sealed operating rod 32 has a diameter of 15mm, and can be screwed in multiple sections according to the actual sampling situation, and welded to the sealed control handle 31 through the handle through hole 12, and the lower part is welded to the sealed operating piece 33 in the same way;

The sealing operating piece 33 is trapezoidal, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The shape of the groove 35 of the operating piece matches it. It is connected to the sealing piston 34 through the groove 35 of the operating piece. 30mm, during the process of taking the mud sample, after reaching the target depth of the mud sample, press the sealing control handle 31 to the bottom, and push the sealing piston 34 to seal the top of the mud sample pipe 41; after the mud sample is taken, the sampler is lifted in the water During a period of time, the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 was not sealed, but due to the airtightness generated by the sealing piston 34 at the top of the mud sample pipe 41, and the snap ring 24 can prevent the bottom mud sample from falling off, it is guaranteed to extract the sample device in the water. When the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 is about to leave the water surface, the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 is sealed with the sealing base 38 and the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 is screwed; after the sampler leaves the water body, the sealing control handle is lifted 31, the sealing operation piece 33 is separated from the sealing piston 34, and the sealing piston 34 can continue to maintain the sealing effect, and the water sampling pipe 44 and the above devices are removed, and the mud sample pipe 41 can be used as a sample storage pipe, which can keep the bottom The tightness and integrity of mud samples.

As shown in Figures 1, 6, and 9a-9e, the water sampling pipe 44 and the mud sampling pipe 41 are made of transparent plexiglass, and the outer surface is marked with a scale 40, and water samples of corresponding depths can be obtained as required And bottom mud sample, inner diameter 50～100mm, thickness 4mm, and increase strength by reinforcing piece 49, rubber belt 47 makes baffle 48 and sealing operating rod 32 close contact, prevents water and air from moving across baffle 48, baffle 48 divides the water sample pipe 44 into several airtight compartments, and each closed compartment has a water inlet 45 and a water outlet 46 on one side, and the air bag 37 controls whether the water inlet 45 enters water by filling and deflation, so as to Accurately obtain water samples at the target depth. After the sampling is completed, open the screw of the outlet hole 46 to release water to obtain water samples. During one sampling process, multiple compartments can take water samples at the same depth or at different depths. Each section of the sample pipe 44 is 50cm long, and can be screwed in multiple sections according to the actual sampling water depth, and is a complete cylinder;

As shown in Figure 6, there are two steel wire grooves 43 for fixing and cutting steel wires at the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41, which are two sections of c-shaped pipes, 40 to 60 cm long, and nested in a cylindrical shape. After the bottom mud sampling is completed, the After the insertion end 22, the transition pipe 53 and other devices are disassembled, the mud sampling pipe 41 can be opened to directly obtain sediment samples, which reduces the secondary disturbance to the sediment.

As shown in Figures 1 and 8, the connecting pipe 51 is 1m long and has the same diameter as the sampling pipe. The upper part is welded to the sampling control handle 1, and the lower part has a stressed protruding head 52, which is screwed to the water sampling pipe 44 through an internal thread;

The transition pipe 53 is screwed to the water sample pipe 44 and the mud sample pipe 41. The diameter of the cavity is 50 mm wider than the sampling pipe, and the diameter of the central through hole 54 is 15 mm. The through hole 54 is sealed. The water sampling pipe 44 is separated into a closed space by the baffle 48. Only when the air bag 37 is deflated, the water sample at the target depth can enter the water sampling pipe 44 through the water inlet hole 55. The process of lowering the sampler Among them, excess air and water can only enter the transition pipe 53 from the mud sample pipe 41 through the central through hole 54, and then be discharged by the drainage holes 56 provided on the upper and lower edges of the transition pipe 53. The drain hole only drains excess air and water from the mud sample pipe entering the transition pipe, and the water sample pipe only enters the water sample at the target depth from the water inlet hole, and then takes it out from the water outlet hole. When the water sample is not collected, the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sampling pipe are opened, and the water enters and exits at will.

As shown in Figure 1, the force-receiving protrusion 52 is made of solid stainless steel, welded to the connecting pipe 51, and its outer diameter is 150 mm wider than the diameter of the connecting pipe. When the sampler still cannot reach the target depth by virtue of its own gravity and the force exerted by the sampling control handle 1 , can apply additional force to the stressed protrusion 52, and can judge whether to reach the target depth by the relative position of the stressed protrusion 52 and the water surface.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5, the sealing operating rod 32 is compatible with the length of the connecting pipe 51 and the water sampling pipe 44. When the upper sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 can be combined into a complete When the cylindrical handle, the lower sealing piston 34 is also just in time to completely seal the central through hole 54, and adhesive tape or rope can be used to fix the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31, thereby maintaining the sealing performance of the sealing piston 34.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 9a-9e, each closed compartment of the water sampling tube 44 has a water inlet 45 and a water outlet 46, the airbag 37 is inflated and deflated to control the opening and closing of the water inlet 45, and the screw is used to block the water outlet Hole 46. When taking a water sample, earlier plug the water outlet hole 46 with a screw, the air in the water sample pipe 44 is extracted through the water inlet hole 45, and after reaching a vacuum state, the air bag 37 is inflated to block the water inlet hole 45; when the water inlet hole 45 When reaching the sampling depth, the air bag 37 deflates, the water inlet hole 45 is opened, and the target depth water sample enters the water sample pipe 44; the air bag 37 is inflated again, the water inlet hole 45 is blocked, and after the upper water sample pipe 44 is extracted, the water sample pipe 44 is kept. In the vertical state of the water sample tube 44, the air bag 37 is deflated, and the screw that blocks the water outlet 46 at the bottom is unscrewed to obtain the water sample.

Utilize the sampling method of novel columnar water sample, sediment dual-purpose sampler, comprise the following steps:

(1) Preparatory work: first determine the purpose of sampling, such as collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time or separately collecting mud samples and water samples; secondly, determine the sampling depth or sampling horizon; Depth of water; finally, determine the number of sections of water sampling pipe 44 and sealing operating rod 32 according to the depth of water. Except for sealing base 38, all parts of the sampler are assembled in sequence. When collecting water samples separately, there is no need to install transition pipe 53 and below part.

When collecting water sample and mud sample simultaneously, open the drainage hole 56 of transition pipe 53 upper and lower parts, air bag 37 is inflated, and blockage takes water sample pipe 44 and the water inlet 45 and the water outlet 46 of mud sample pipe 41.

When collecting mud samples separately, open the drain hole 56 on the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe 53, block the outlet hole 46 of the mud sample pipe 41, and do not need to block the inlet hole 45 and the outlet hole 46 of the water sample pipe 44.

When collecting water samples alone, the air bag 37 is inflated to block the water inlet 45 and the water outlet 46 of the water sampling pipe 44 .

(2) Sampling:

When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, hold the sampling control handle 1 and keep it vertical to the water surface. The sampler enters the water body, and the excess air and water enter the transition pipe 53 through the central through hole 54, and then flow out through the drain hole 56. .

When taking a water sample, judge whether to reach the target depth according to the distance of the stressed protruding head 52 from the water surface and the scale on the water sample pipe 44. When reaching the target water depth, keep the sampler still and deflate the air bag 37. The water hole 45 is opened, and the water sample enters the water sample pipe 44, and the air bag 37 is inflated after the water sample is taken, and the water inlet 45 is closed.

When taking a bottom mud sample, when relying on the gravity of the sampling device itself and applying force to the sampling control handle 1 still cannot reach the target depth, a greater force can be applied through the stressed protrusion 52 . Circlip 24 is affected by bottom mud friction and moves up. If the bottom mud sample has a tendency to fall off from the mud sample pipe 41, it will drive clip spring 24 to move down and contract, and then block the bottom mud to prevent the bottom mud from falling. The tapered surface 23 of the insertion end 22 and the cut-off steel wire 21 reduce the disturbance to the mud sample. After reaching the target depth, turn the sampling control handle for more than 180°, cut off the steel wire 21 to cut off the sediment, press down the sealing control handle 31, and the sealing piston 34 Blocking the center through hole 54, the sampling control handle 1 and the sealing control handle 31 are combined into one handle, and then the handle is fixed with a rope or adhesive tape to complete the sealing work on the top of the mud sample pipe 41, which not only ensures the sealing effect, but also facilitates operate. After the mud sample was taken, the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 was not sealed during the period when the sampler was lifted in the water, but due to the air tightness generated by the sealing piston 34 at the top of the mud sample pipe 41, and the clamp spring 24 can prevent The bottom mud sample falls off, which ensures that the bottom mud will not fall when the sampler is extracted in the water. Before the bottom of the mud sample pipe 41 leaves the water body, use the sealing base 38 to screw the insertion end 22 to the mud sample pipe 41 The bottom is sealed. After the sampler leaves the water body, excess water in the transition pipe 53 flows out through the drain hole 56 at the bottom.

When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as that of taking mud samples when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time. After the sampler leaves the water body, excess water in the transition pipe 53 flows out through the drain hole 56 at the bottom. And the water inlet 45 and the water outlet hole 46 of the water sample pipe 44 are not blocked, and the water freely enters and exits the water sample pipe 44. When taking mud samples, water enters the water sample pipe 44. After being lifted away from the water body, the water flows out of the water sampling pipe 44 again.

When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

Observe the sampling situation through the transparent sampling tube wall. If the sampling result is not satisfactory, repeat the sampling.

(3) Take out the sample:

When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, keep the vertical state of the sampler, deflate the air bag 37, and then unscrew the screw of the water sample pipe 44 outlet hole 46 to obtain the target depth water sample. Unload the water sampling pipe 44 and the sealing operating rod 32 again, unplug the sealing piston 34, open the water outlet hole 46 on the upper part of the mud sampling pipe 41, let off the water on the bottom mud sample top in the mud sampling pipe 41, and unload the sealing base 38. Open the nested mud sampling pipe 41 to take mud samples according to the target depth.

When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time.

If do not dismantle sealing base 38 and sealing piston 34, then get mud sample pipe 41 and can keep good sealing state, after unloading water sample pipe 44 and sealing operating lever 32, get mud sample pipe 41 as depositing sample pipe, can put The mud samples taken are directly sent to the laboratory for the next step in order to obtain the most accurate analysis results.

(4) Follow-up work: clean the device, and then install it in order for the next sampling work.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A new type of water sample-bottom mud combined sampler is characterized in that it includes a connecting pipe, the upper end of the connecting pipe is fixed with a sampling control handle, the lower end is movably connected with the upper end of the water sampling pipe, and the lower end of the water sampling pipe is connected with the transition The upper end of the pipe is connected, and the lower end of the transition pipe is connected with the upper end of the mud sampling pipe; The water sampling pipe is divided into multiple independent airtight compartments by a number of baffles arranged horizontally, and the upper and lower ends of one side of each airtight compartment are respectively provided with water inlet and outlet holes communicating with the interior of the airtight compartment. Each airtight compartment is provided with an airbag in the area corresponding to the water inlet hole, and the airbag communicates with an external air source through an inflatable tube; There is a water outlet hole on the side of the upper end of the mud sample pipe, and a cut-off device is movable at the bottom; On the upper and lower end surfaces of the transition pipe and at the positions outside the water sampling pipe and the mud sampling pipe, a number of drainage holes communicating with the interior of the transition pipe are respectively opened; A sealing operating rod runs through the connecting pipe and the water sampling pipe, the upper end of the sealing operating rod passes through the sampling control handle and is fixedly connected with the sealing control handle on the upper part of the connecting pipe, the middle part passes through the baffle in the water sampling pipe, and the lower end passes through the sealing The operating piece is movably connected with the sealing piston located in the transition pipe; and when the sealing control handle moves down to the lowest position, the sealing operating rod pushes the sealing piston just to seal the upper end of the mud sample pipe. 2. The novel water sample-sediment joint sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the upper part of the sampling control handle is horizontally provided with a handle groove consistent with the shape of the sealing control handle, when the sealing control handle is pressed The sealing control handle is snapped into the handle groove of the sampling control handle to form a complete cylindrical handle; the middle position of the sampling control handle is provided with a longitudinal handle through hole for the sealing operating rod to pass through. 3. The new water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the connecting pipe is the same as that of the water sampling pipe, the upper part is welded with the sampling control handle, and the side of the lower part is provided with a force-bearing Protruding head, and threaded connection with the water sampling pipe through the internal thread. 4. novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described water sample pipe and mud sample pipe all adopt transparent plexiglass material, and scale is all arranged on the outer surface, Both the outer surfaces of the water sample pipe and the mud sample pipe are provided with reinforcement sheets. 5. novel water sample-bottom mud joint sampler as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described mud sampling pipe is the cylinder that is formed by nesting of two section C-type pipes, and its bottom inner surface is provided with relative two wire grooves. 6. The novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the two ends of the transition pipe are respectively connected with the water sampling pipe and the mud sample pipe by threads, and the diameter of the transition pipe is greater than that of the water sample. The diameter of the pipe and the mud sampling pipe. There is a transition partition at the bottom of the transition pipe. The center of the transition partition is provided with a central through hole that matches the sealing piston. 7. The novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sealing operating rod is a hollow structure, and the inflation tube passes through the hollow structure to be connected with the air bag; the bottom of the sealing operating rod is welded with a sealing operation The sealing operation piece is trapezoidal, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The upper part of the sealing piston is provided with an operation piece groove matching the sealing operation piece, and the sealing operation piece is inserted into the groove of the operation piece to connect with the sealing piston; A rubber band is arranged in the through hole through which the sealing operating rod passes through the baffle, so that the baffle is in close contact with the sealing operating rod, preventing water and air from moving across the baffle; The sealing piston is in the shape of upper and lower steps, the diameter of the upper part is larger than the diameter of the lower part, and the half part of the sealing piston matches the through hole in the center of the transition plate, which can seal the top of the mud sample pipe. 8. The novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the cut-off device is made of stainless steel, comprising a cut-off steel wire, a retaining spring and an insertion end; the insertion end is cylindrical, for Longitudinal cut-off device for mud samples, the inner diameter of the insertion end is the same as the outer diameter of the mud sample pipe, the upper part of the insertion end has internal and external screws, and the inner thread is connected with the outer thread at the bottom of the mud sample pipe, the outer surface of the lower part of the insertion end is a cone noodle; The circlip is an outer groove type circlip, which is stuck inside the upper half of the insertion end and can move up and down; The cut-off steel wire is a horizontal cut-off device for mud samples, the length of which is the same as the inner diameter of the mud sample-taking pipe, and a ball is respectively arranged at both ends of the cut-off steel wire, and the two balls are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of the inner surface of the bottom of the mud-sample pipe. in a wire groove. 9. The novel water sample-sediment combined sampler as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, the outside of the insertion end is threadedly connected with a sealing base, and after the sampling is completed, the bottom end of the mud sampling pipe can be sealed. 10. Utilize the adopting method of novel water sample-bottom mud combined sampler, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) Preparation: First determine the purpose of sampling; Secondly, determine the sampling depth or sampling horizon; Then use surveying tools to determine the water depth of different water environments; Finally, determine the number of segments of the water sampling pipe and sealing operating rod according to the water depth. Except for the sealing base, all parts of the sampler are assembled in sequence. When collecting water samples alone, there is no need to install the transition pipe and the parts below it; When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, open the drainage holes on the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe, inflate the air bag, and block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sample pipe and mud sample pipe; When collecting mud samples separately, open the drainage holes at the upper and lower parts of the transition pipe, and block the water outlet holes of the mud sample pipes. It is not necessary to block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sample pipes; When collecting water samples alone, the air bag is inflated to block the water inlet and outlet holes of the water sampling pipe; 2) To sample: When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, hold the sampling control handle and keep it vertical to the water surface. The sampler enters the water body, and the excess air and water enter the transition pipe through the central through hole, and then discharge through the drain hole; When taking water samples, judge whether the target depth is reached according to the distance between the stressed convex head and the water surface and the scale on the water sampling tube. When the target water depth is reached, keep the sampler still and deflate the air bag. At this time, the water inlet hole is opened. , the water sample enters the water sample pipe, and after the water sample is taken, inflate the air bag to close the water inlet hole; When taking a sediment sample, if the target depth cannot be reached by relying on the gravity of the sampling device itself and applying force to the sampling control handle, a greater force can be applied through the stressed convex head; The circlip is moved up due to the friction of the bottom mud. If the bottom mud sample tends to fall off from the mud sample pipe, it will drive the circlip to move down and shrink, and then block the bottom mud to prevent the bottom mud from falling; The conical surface of the insertion end and the cut-off steel wire reduce the disturbance to the mud sample. After reaching the target depth, turn the sampling control handle over 180°, cut off the steel wire to cut off the sediment, press down the sealing control handle, and the sealing piston seals the central through hole , the sampling control handle and the sealing control handle are combined into one handle, and then the handle is fixed with a rope or tape to complete the sealing work on the top of the mud sample pipe, which not only ensures the sealing effect, but also facilitates operation; after the mud sample is taken, the sampler The bottom of the mud sampling tube was not sealed during the period of lifting in the water, but due to the airtightness generated by the sealing piston at the top of the mud sampling tube, and the retaining spring can prevent the sediment sample from falling off, the extraction in the water is guaranteed. When the sampler is used, the bottom mud will not fall. When the bottom of the mud sample pipe is about to leave the water body, the bottom of the mud sample pipe is sealed with the screwed insertion end of the sealing base; after the sampler leaves the water body, the excess water in the transition pipe passes through The drain hole in the lower part flows out; When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as the operation of taking mud samples when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time; after the sampler leaves the water body, the excess water in the transition pipe flows out through the drain hole at the lower part; while the water inlet hole of the water sample pipe The water outlet hole is not blocked, and the water freely enters and exits the water sampling pipe. When taking a mud sample, the water enters the water sampling pipe. When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time; Observe the sampling situation through the transparent sampling tube wall, if the sampling result is not satisfactory, repeat the sampling; 3) Take out the sample: When collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time, keep the sampler in a vertical state, deflate the air bag, and then unscrew the screw of the outlet hole of the water sample tube to obtain the water sample at the target depth; then remove the sample tube and seal Operate the lever, pull out the sealing piston, open the water outlet hole on the upper part of the mud sampling pipe, let off the water on the upper part of the sediment sample in the mud sampling pipe, remove the sealing base, open the nested mud sampling pipe, and then take the sample according to the target depth. Mud sample; When collecting mud samples separately, the process is the same as the operation of obtaining mud samples when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time; When collecting water samples separately, the process is the same as when collecting water samples and mud samples at the same time; If the sealing base and sealing piston are not disassembled, the mud sample pipe can maintain a good sealing state. The laboratory proceeds to the next step to obtain the most accurate analysis results; Follow-up: Clean the device, and then install it in order for the next sampling work.