CN117091877A - Sampling device and sampling method for detecting soil ecotoxicity - Google Patents
Sampling device and sampling method for detecting soil ecotoxicity Download PDFInfo
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- CN117091877A CN117091877A CN202310922703.9A CN202310922703A CN117091877A CN 117091877 A CN117091877 A CN 117091877A CN 202310922703 A CN202310922703 A CN 202310922703A CN 117091877 A CN117091877 A CN 117091877A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 231100000584 environmental toxicity Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/0804—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums
- B08B9/0808—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums by methods involving the use of tools, e.g. by brushes, scrapers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/0804—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums
- B08B9/0813—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums by the force of jets or sprays
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling device for detecting soil ecotoxicity, which comprises a fixed cylinder and a sampling cylinder; the sampling tube consists of a tube body and an upper cover, and a sleeve is arranged in the sampling tube; a transmission shaft is arranged in the sleeve, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a first motor, and the other end of the transmission shaft is provided with a drill bit; the side wall of the sleeve is provided with a baffle plate for dividing the space in the sampling cylinder into a plurality of sector areas, and a sector sampling box is arranged in each sector area; a fan-shaped pressing plate is arranged on the fan-shaped sampling box; the fan-shaped pressing plate is provided with an air bag, the upper cover is provided with an air hole, and the top surface of the upper cover is provided with a first air cylinder; a cylindrical cam is sleeved on the transmission shaft; the sampling tube is sleeved with a toothed ring, the bottom surface of the fixed tube is provided with a second motor, and the second motor is provided with a first gear. The sampling tube can isolate soil on the surface layer, the first motor can charge air into the air bag to open the fan-shaped sampling box, and the second motor can switch the position of the fan-shaped sampling box to collect soil with different depths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil collection, in particular to a sampling device and a sampling method for detecting soil ecological toxicity.
Background
With the development of industry and the wide application of pesticides and fertilizers, the pollution to soil is more and more common, and the soil pollution can lead to the quality reduction of agricultural products such as rice, vegetables and the like, seriously threaten the health of human bodies and influence the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, the detection, evaluation and improvement of the soil are also increasingly important, the quality of the soil is required to be detected firstly for the detection and treatment of the soil, whether the soil is polluted or not is judged, and the soil is sampled firstly in the first step of soil detection.
The existing soil collection equipment often brings up surface soil when collecting the soil of target degree of depth, produces the interference to experimental data, and when collecting the soil of different degree of depth, can mutual pollution between the soil sample of gathering, leads to the collection data not accurate enough.
Therefore, there is a need for a soil collection device that avoids the disturbance of the surface layer soil to the collected samples and avoids the mutual contamination between the soils when different depths of soil are taken.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sampling device and a sampling method for detecting soil ecological toxicity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a sampling device for detecting the ecological toxicity of soil comprises a fixed cylinder and a sampling cylinder vertically arranged in the fixed cylinder;
the sampling tube consists of a tube body and an upper cover which is rotationally connected with the tube body, the lower end of the sampling tube penetrates through the bottom surface of the fixed tube and is rotationally connected with the fixed tube, a sleeve is vertically arranged in the sampling tube, and a plurality of connecting rods which are fixedly connected with the upper cover are arranged in the fixed tube;
the sleeve is rotationally connected with a transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft sequentially penetrates through the upper cover and the top surface of the fixed cylinder and is provided with a first motor for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, and the other end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder and is provided with a drill bit; a plurality of partition boards used for dividing the space in the sampling cylinder into a plurality of sector areas are arranged on the side wall of the sleeve at equal angular intervals in a scattering shape, the partition boards are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sampling cylinder, and the sector sampling boxes are slidably connected in the sector areas;
one side wall of the fan-shaped sampling box is provided with an opening, the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped openings for the fan-shaped sampling boxes to pass through in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a fan-shaped pressing plate is fixedly connected above each fan-shaped sampling box, and each fan-shaped pressing plate is in sliding connection with the sleeve through a plurality of spring rods arranged on the top surface of the sleeve;
the top surfaces of the fan-shaped pressing plates are fixedly provided with an air bag for pushing the fan-shaped pressing plates to descend by inflation, the upper ends of the air bags are in contact with the upper cover, the upper cover is provided with an air hole for being in butt joint communication with the air bags respectively by utilizing rotation of the cylinder, and the top surface of the upper cover positioned at the air hole is provided with a first air cylinder;
the piston is connected in the first air cylinder in a sliding way, one end of the piston is connected with the bottom surface of the first air cylinder through a spring, the other end of the piston is fixedly connected with a push rod, an air inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the first air cylinder, an air outlet of the first air cylinder is communicated with the air hole, and a transmission shaft is sleeved with a cylindrical cam for pushing the push rod to reciprocate up and down by rotation;
the sampling tube positioned in the fixed tube is fixedly sleeved with a toothed ring, the bottom surface in the fixed tube positioned at one side of the toothed ring is provided with a second motor, and the output shaft of the second motor is sleeved with a first gear which is used for meshed transmission with the toothed ring.
Description: according to the sampling device, the sampling cylinder can isolate soil on the surface layer, the soil on the surface layer is prevented from polluting the collected sample, the first motor can drive the cylindrical cam to rotate, the first air cylinder is inflated into the air bag to press the fan-shaped sampling box downwards, the lower end of the fan-shaped sampling box is opened and the soil is sampled through rotation of the sampling cylinder, the second motor can drive the sampling cylinder to rotate to switch the air bag communicated with the air hole, a plurality of fan-shaped sampling boxes can be opened and collect soil with different depths respectively, and mutual pollution of the soil with different depths in the collecting process is avoided.
Further, a handle is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the fixed cylinder.
Description: the setting of handle is convenient for operate sampling device and makes the sampling tube impress in soil, and low in manufacturing cost, the practicality is good.
Further, a graduated scale is arranged on the side wall of the sampling tube.
Description: the scale can be convenient for observe the depth of sampling device underground, and low in manufacturing cost.
Further, two sides of the toothed ring are respectively provided with a sleeve, the sleeves are rotationally connected with the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder, and a second gear which is used for being meshed with the toothed ring to drive is fixedly sleeved on the sleeve;
the sampling cylinder at the lower end of the fixed cylinder is sleeved with a cleaning ring for cleaning soil on the side wall of the sampling cylinder in a sliding manner, a lifting rod for lifting by utilizing the rotation of the sleeve is arranged in each sleeve, the upper end of the lifting rod penetrates through the top surface of the fixed cylinder, and the lower end of the lifting rod penetrates through the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder and is in rotary connection with the cleaning ring;
the lifting rod consists of a screw rod at the upper end and a round rod at the lower end, threads matched with the screw rod are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the length of the round rod is equal to the distance from the upper end of the sleeve to the cleaning ring.
Description: after the sampling is accomplished, accessible second motor drives the ring gear and rotates, and ring gear accessible second gear drives the sleeve pipe and rotates, and the lifter can go up and down under the cooperation effect of screw thread when the sleeve pipe rotates, makes the lifter can drive the clearance ring and slides on the sampling tube lateral wall, scrapes down the earth of adhesion on the sampling tube.
Further, the cleaning ring consists of a ring body at the upper end and a mud scraping ring at the lower end, and the mud scraping ring is in a circular truncated cone shape.
Description: the round platform-shaped mud scraping ring can stir soil to two sides of the mud scraping ring, so that the cleaning effect of the cleaning ring is reduced due to the fact that the soil is concentrated at the contact part of the cleaning ring and the sampling cylinder.
Further, a spray ring is sleeved on the sampling cylinder at the upper end of the cleaning ring, the spray ring is fixedly connected with the cleaning ring, and a plurality of spray heads communicated with the inner part of the spray ring are arranged on the inner wall of the spray ring at equal angular intervals in a scattering shape;
the cleaning ring bottom surface is equipped with one side and is equipped with the arc water tank, spray the ring through the delivery pipe with arc water tank lower extreme intercommunication is located be equipped with on the upper cover of cylindrical cam one side and be used for utilizing cylindrical cam to rotate to the interior inflated second inflator of arc water tank, the second inflator passes through hose and arc water tank upper end intercommunication, be equipped with the gas vent on the hose, gas vent department is equipped with the valve.
Description: the first motor can drive the cylindrical cam to rotate, so that the second air cylinder is inflated and pressurized in the arc-shaped water tank, the spraying ring can spray water to clean the sampling cylinder in the moving process of the cleaning ring, and the cleaning effect of soil on the sampling cylinder is improved.
Further, the connecting rod is transversely arranged and fixedly connected with the side wall of the upper cover, the cylindrical cam is rotationally connected with the transmission shaft, a carrying rod is transversely arranged on the side wall of the transmission shaft between the cylindrical cam and the inner top surface of the fixed cylinder, one end of the carrying rod is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, the lower end surface of the other end of the carrying rod is provided with a third air bag, an air inlet is arranged on the third air bag, a one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet, an air hole is transversely arranged in the transmission shaft, one end of the air hole is communicated with the third air bag through a pipeline buried in the carrying rod, and the other end of the air hole is provided with a valve;
the transmission shaft that is located cylindrical cam department transversely is equipped with the slide hole in, the downthehole sliding connection of slide has the card post, card post one end is connected with the slide hole through the second gasbag, is equipped with on the cylindrical cam inner wall and is used for the card hole that corresponds with the card post, second gasbag and gas pocket lateral wall intercommunication are covered on and are equipped with the projection that utilizes the transmission shaft rotation extrusion third gasbag.
Description: above-mentioned cylindrical cam just begins when boring soil at the transmission shaft, cylindrical cam can not follow the transmission shaft and rotate, and the projection can constantly extrude the third gasbag when the transmission shaft rotates to the second gasbag aerifys, until after the transmission shaft rotates one end time, the second gasbag promotes the card post outwards slide and carry out the joint with the card hole, and cylindrical cam just can follow the transmission shaft and rotate this moment, avoids cylindrical cam also to promote the piston work always when boring soil, reduces energy loss, and reducible push rod wearing and tearing are in order to improve life.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for collecting soil samples by using the sampling device, including the following steps:
s1, starting the first motor, driving the drill bit to rotate by the first motor through the transmission shaft, and simultaneously enabling the sampling cylinder to be inserted into soil by pressing down the fixed cylinder until the sampling cylinder descends to a target depth;
s2, starting the second motor to enable the second motor to drive the sampling cylinder to rotate until the air hole is in butt joint communication with one air bag, closing the second motor, and enabling the cylindrical cam to rotate when the transmission shaft rotates;
s3, driving a piston to reciprocate up and down through a push rod in the rotation process of the cylindrical cam, continuously filling air into an air bag through an air hole by the reciprocating motion of the piston, pushing a fan-shaped pressing plate to drive a fan-shaped sampling box to slide downwards after the air bag is inflated, and enabling the bottom surface of the fan-shaped sampling box to be staggered with the bottom surface of a sampling cylinder at the moment, and opening the fan-shaped sampling box;
s4, starting a second motor, continuously driving the sampling cylinder to rotate by the second motor, enabling the fan-shaped sampling box to rotate along with the sampling cylinder, and shoveling soil into the fan-shaped sampling box from the opening in the rotating process;
s5, after the sampling tube rotates, the air bag is separated from the air hole, the air bag can be gradually deflated in the process that the fan-shaped sampling box rotates along with the sampling tube, after the air bag deflates, the fan-shaped sampling box can reset under the action of the spring rod, the fixed tube is continuously pressed down to enable the sampling tube to descend to the next depth, the second motor is continuously rotated to enable the next air bag to be aligned with the air hole, and then the next fan-shaped sampling box can be started to collect samples of the next depth.
Description: according to the method, the first motor is used for inflating the air bag, so that the fan-shaped sampling boxes are opened, the second motor is used for driving the fan-shaped sampling boxes to rotate for sampling, and the second motor can be used for rotatably switching the positions of the fan-shaped sampling boxes, so that a plurality of fan-shaped sampling boxes can collect soil with different depths, and mutual pollution among soil samples is avoided.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the sampling device, the sampling cylinder can isolate soil on the surface layer, the soil on the surface layer is prevented from polluting the collected sample, the first motor can drive the cylindrical cam to rotate, so that the first air cylinder can charge air into the air bag to open the fan-shaped sampling box, the second motor can drive the sampling cylinder to rotate to switch the air bag communicated with the air hole, so that the plurality of fan-shaped sampling boxes can respectively open and collect soil with different depths, and the soil with different depths is prevented from polluting each other in the collecting process.
(2) After the sampling device is used for sampling, the toothed ring can be driven by the second motor to rotate, the toothed ring can be driven by the second gear to drive the sleeve to rotate, and the lifting rod can lift under the cooperation of threads when the sleeve rotates, so that the lifting rod can drive the cleaning ring to slide on the side wall of the sampling cylinder, and the soil adhered on the sampling cylinder is scraped.
(3) According to the sampling device, the first motor can drive the cylindrical cam to rotate, so that the second air cylinder is inflated and pressurized into the arc-shaped water tank, the spraying ring can spray water to clean the sampling cylinder in the moving process of the cleaning ring, and the cleaning effect of soil on the sampling cylinder is improved.
(4) According to the method, the first motor is used for inflating the air bag, so that the fan-shaped sampling boxes are opened, the second motor is used for driving the fan-shaped sampling boxes to rotate for sampling, and the second motor can be used for rotatably switching the positions of the fan-shaped sampling boxes, so that a plurality of fan-shaped sampling boxes can collect soil with different depths, and mutual pollution among soil samples is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a stationary barrel according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cartridge according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cylindrical cam structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a cartridge according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fan-shaped sampling cartridge according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the upper end of the cartridge of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first cylinder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic overall structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a stationary barrel according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a purge ring according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of a lifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the whole fixing barrel of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a purge ring according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a purge ring according to example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of a propeller shaft according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-fixed cylinder, a 11-first motor, a 12-second motor, a 13-first gear, a 14-handle, a 15-sleeve, a 16-second gear, a 17-lifting rod, a 171-screw rod, a 172-round rod, a 2-sampling cylinder, a 21-sleeve, a 22-transmission shaft, a 221-drill bit, a 222-cylindrical cam, a 223-third air bag, a 224-convex column, a 225-second air bag, a 226-clamping column, a 23-fan-shaped sampling box, a 231-fan-shaped pressing plate, a 24-spring rod, a 25-air bag, a 26-first air bag, a 261-piston, a 262-push rod, a 27-toothed ring, a 28-cleaning ring, a 281-spraying ring, a 282-arc-shaped water tank and a 29-second air bag.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments to better embody the advantages of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a sampling device for detecting soil ecotoxicity comprises a fixed cylinder 1 and a sampling cylinder 2 vertically arranged in the fixed cylinder 1;
as shown in fig. 2, the sampling tube 2 is composed of a tube body and an upper cover rotationally connected with the tube body, the lower end of the sampling tube 2 passes through the bottom surface of the fixed tube 1 and is rotationally connected with the fixed tube 1, the sampling tube 2 is rotationally connected with the fixed tube 1 through an annular groove arranged on the side wall, a sleeve 21 is vertically arranged in the sampling tube 2, and two connecting rods for fixedly connecting with the upper cover are arranged in the fixed tube 1;
the sleeve 21 is rotatably connected with a transmission shaft 22, the upper end of the transmission shaft 22 sequentially passes through the upper cover and the top surface of the fixed cylinder 1 and is provided with a first motor 11 for driving the transmission shaft 22 to rotate, the first motor 11 adopts a commercial motor, and the lower end of the transmission shaft 22 passes through the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder 2 and is provided with a drill bit 221;
as shown in fig. 3, four partition boards for dividing the space in the sampling tube 2 into four sector areas are arranged on the side wall of the sleeve 21 at 90-degree intervals in a scattering shape, the partition boards are fixedly connected with the side wall of the sampling tube 2, and the four sector areas are respectively and slidably connected with a sector sampling box 23;
as shown in fig. 6, the right side wall of the fan-shaped sampling box 23 is provided with an opening, the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder 2 is provided with four fan-shaped openings for the fan-shaped sampling boxes 23 to pass through in a one-to-one correspondence manner, as shown in fig. 5, a fan-shaped pressing plate 231 is fixedly connected above each fan-shaped sampling box 23, and each fan-shaped pressing plate 231 is in sliding connection with the sleeve 21 through two spring rods 24 arranged on the top surface of the sleeve 21;
as shown in fig. 7, the top surfaces of the four fan-shaped pressing plates 231 are fixedly provided with an air bag 25 for pushing the fan-shaped pressing plates 231 to descend by inflation, the upper end of the air bag 25 is in contact with an upper cover, the upper cover is provided with an air hole for being respectively in butt joint communication with the four air bags 25 by rotation of a cylinder, and the top surface of the upper cover positioned at the air hole is provided with a first air cylinder 26;
as shown in fig. 8, a piston 261 is slidably connected to the first air cylinder 26, the lower end of the piston 261 is connected to the bottom surface of the first air cylinder 26 through a spring, the upper end of the piston 261 is fixedly connected to a push rod 262, an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the first air cylinder 26, and an air outlet of the first air cylinder 26 is communicated with the air hole, as shown in fig. 4, a cylindrical cam 222 for pushing the push rod 262 to reciprocate up and down by rotation is sleeved on the transmission shaft 22;
a toothed ring 27 is fixedly sleeved on the sampling tube 2 positioned in the fixed tube 1, a second motor 12 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fixed tube 1 positioned at the left side of the toothed ring 27, the second motor 12 adopts a commercial servo motor, and a first gear 13 for meshed transmission with the toothed ring 27 is sleeved on the output shaft of the second motor 12;
a handle 14 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the fixed cylinder 1; and a graduated scale is arranged on the side wall of the sampling tube 2.
The soil sample collection method by using the sampling device comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the first motor 11, wherein the first motor 11 drives the drill bit 221 to rotate through the transmission shaft 22, and simultaneously, gradually enabling the sampling cylinder 2 to enter soil through pressing down the fixed cylinder 1 until the sampling cylinder 2 descends to a target depth;
s2, starting the second motor 12 to enable the second motor 12 to drive the sampling cylinder 2 to rotate 45 degrees, wherein at the moment, the air hole is in butt joint communication with one air bag 25, the second motor 12 is closed, and the transmission shaft 22 drives the cylindrical cam 222 to rotate when rotating;
s3, in the rotation process of the cylindrical cam 222, the piston 261 is driven to reciprocate up and down through the push rod 262, air is continuously filled into the air bag 25 through the air hole by the reciprocating motion of the piston 261, the air bag 25 is inflated and expanded to push the fan-shaped pressing plate 231 to drive the fan-shaped sampling box 23 to slide downwards, at the moment, the bottom surface of the fan-shaped sampling box 23 is staggered with the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder 2, and the fan-shaped sampling box 23 is opened;
s4, starting a second motor 12, wherein the second motor 12 continuously drives the sampling cylinder 2 to rotate for 45 degrees, the fan-shaped sampling box 23 can rotate along with the sampling cylinder 2, and soil is shoveled into the fan-shaped sampling box 23 from an opening in the rotating process;
s5, after the sampling tube 2 rotates, the air bag 25 is separated from the air hole, the air bag 25 can be gradually deflated in the process that the fan-shaped sampling box 23 rotates along with the sampling tube 2, after deflation of the air bag 25 is completed, the fan-shaped sampling box 23 can reset under the action of the spring rod 24, the fixed tube 1 is continuously pressed down to enable the sampling tube 2 to descend to the next depth, the sampling tube 2 is driven by the second motor 12 to continuously rotate for 45 degrees, the next air bag 25 is aligned with the air hole, and the next fan-shaped sampling box 23 can be opened to collect samples of the next depth.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that two sides of the toothed ring 27 are respectively provided with a sleeve 15, the sleeve 15 is rotatably connected with the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder 1, and a second gear 16 for meshing with the toothed ring 27 to drive is fixedly sleeved on the sleeve 15;
the sampling tube 2 positioned at the lower end of the fixed tube 1 is sleeved with a cleaning ring 28 for cleaning soil on the side wall of the sampling tube 2 in a sliding manner, a lifting rod 17 for lifting by utilizing the rotation of the sleeve 15 is arranged in each sleeve 15, the upper end of the lifting rod 17 passes through the top surface of the fixed tube 1, and the lower end of the lifting rod 17 passes through the bottom surface of the fixed tube 1 and is in rotary connection with the cleaning ring 28;
as shown in fig. 12, the lifting rod 17 is composed of a screw rod 171 at the upper end and a round rod 172 at the lower end, threads matched with the screw rod 171 are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve 15, and the length of the round rod 172 and the distance from the upper end of the sleeve 15 to the cleaning ring 28 are both 5cm; as shown in fig. 11, the cleaning ring 28 is composed of an upper ring body and a lower mud scraping ring, and the mud scraping ring is in a truncated cone shape.
The cleaning ring 28 operates on the following principle: when sampling is carried out, the round rod 172 is positioned in the sleeve 15, at this time, the second motor 12 cannot drive the lifting rod 17 to lift, after the sampling is finished, the lifting rod 17 is slid downwards, the screw rod 171 enters the sleeve 15, at this time, the second motor 12 is started, the second motor 12 drives the sleeve 15 to rotate through the toothed ring 27 and the second gear 16, under the action of the screw rod 171 and the threaded fit in the sleeve 15, the sleeve 15 rotates to drive the lifting rod 17 to move downwards, and the lifting rod 17 can push the cleaning ring 28 to scrape soil on the side wall of the sampling cylinder 2.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the present embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that a spray ring 281 is sleeved on the sampling tube 2 located at the upper end of the cleaning ring 28, the spray ring 281 is fixedly connected with the cleaning ring 28, and twelve nozzles communicating with the interior of the spray ring 281 are arranged on the inner wall of the spray ring 281 at intervals of 30 ° such as scattering;
as shown in fig. 15, the bottom surface of the cleaning ring 28 is provided with an arc-shaped water tank 282 on the right side, the spray ring 281 is communicated with the lower end of the arc-shaped water tank 282 through a water supply pipe, a second air cylinder 29 for inflating the arc-shaped water tank 282 by utilizing the rotation of the cylindrical cam 222 is arranged on the upper cover on the right side of the cylindrical cam 222, the second air cylinder 29 is communicated with the upper end of the arc-shaped water tank 282 through a hose, an air outlet is formed in the hose, and a valve is arranged at the air outlet.
The cleaning ring 28 operates on the following principle: the cleaning ring 28 moves downwards and drives the spraying ring 281 to move together, at this time, the valve is closed, the first motor 11 is started, the first motor 11 drives the cylindrical cam 222 to rotate and then charges air into the arc-shaped water tank 282 through the second air cylinder 29, water in the arc-shaped water tank 282 enters the spraying ring 281 through the hose under the action of air pressure, and the spraying ring 281 releases water through the spray head to clean the side wall of the sampling cylinder 2, so that the cleaning effect of the sampling cylinder 2 is improved.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 16, the connecting rod is transversely arranged and fixedly connected with the side wall of the upper cover, the cylindrical cam 222 is rotationally connected with the transmission shaft 22, the cylindrical cam 222 is rotationally connected with a connecting ring on the side wall of the transmission shaft 22 through an annular groove arranged on the inner wall, a carrying rod is transversely arranged on the side wall of the transmission shaft 22 between the cylindrical cam 222 and the inner top surface of the fixed cylinder 1, the left end of the carrying rod is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 22, the lower end surface of the right end of the carrying rod is provided with a third air bag 223, an air inlet is arranged on the third air bag 223, a one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet, a commercially available product is adopted as the one-way valve, the one-way valve is unidirectionally communicated with the third air bag 223 from the outside, an air hole is transversely arranged in the transmission shaft 22, the right end of the air hole is communicated with the third air bag 223 through a pipeline buried in the carrying rod, and the left end of the air hole is provided with a valve;
a sliding hole is transversely formed in the transmission shaft 22 at the position of the cylindrical cam 222, a clamping column 226 is slidably connected in the sliding hole, the left end of the clamping column is connected with the sliding hole through a second air bag 225, a clamping hole corresponding to the clamping column 226 is formed in the inner wall of the cylindrical cam 222, the second air bag 225 is communicated with the side wall of the air hole, and a protruding column 224 for rotationally extruding a third air bag 223 by using the transmission shaft 22 is arranged on the upper cover.
The working principle of the structure is as follows: when the transmission shaft 22 drives the drill bit 221 to rotate to drill soil, the cylindrical cam 222 is rotationally connected with the transmission shaft 22, at this time, the transmission shaft 22 cannot drive the cylindrical cam 222 to rotate, the third air bag 223 is driven to rotate when the transmission shaft 22 rotates, the convex column 224 continuously extrudes the third air bag 223 in the rotating process, air is filled into the second air bag 225 every time the third air bag 223 is extruded, the second air bag 225 is inflated and elongated, and the clamping column 226 is pushed to slide until the clamping column 226 is aligned with the clamping hole in the rotating process of the transmission shaft 22, at the moment, the clamping column 226 is clamped with the clamping hole, the transmission shaft 22 can drive the cylindrical cam 222 to rotate, after the collection is completed, the valve can be opened, the second air bag 225 is deflated and restored, and the second air bag 225 pulls the clamping column 226 to be separated from the clamping hole.
Claims (8)
1. The sampling device for detecting the soil ecotoxicity is characterized by comprising a fixed cylinder (1) and a sampling cylinder (2) vertically arranged in the fixed cylinder (1);
the sampling tube (2) consists of a tube body and an upper cover rotationally connected with the tube body, the lower end of the sampling tube (2) penetrates through the bottom surface of the fixed tube (1) and is rotationally connected with the fixed tube (1), a sleeve (21) is vertically arranged in the sampling tube (2), and a plurality of connecting rods for fixedly connecting with the upper cover are arranged in the fixed tube (1);
the sleeve (21) is rotationally connected with a transmission shaft (22), one end of the transmission shaft (22) sequentially passes through the upper cover and the top surface of the fixed cylinder (1) and is provided with a first motor (11) for driving the transmission shaft (22) to rotate, and the other end of the transmission shaft (22) passes through the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder (2) and is provided with a drill bit (221); a plurality of partition boards used for dividing the space in the sampling tube (2) into a plurality of sector areas are arranged on the side wall of the sleeve (21) at equal angular intervals in a scattering shape, the partition boards are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sampling tube (2), and the sector areas are internally and slidably connected with sector sampling boxes (23);
one side wall of the fan-shaped sampling box (23) is provided with an opening, the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder (2) is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped openings for the fan-shaped sampling boxes (23) to pass through in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a fan-shaped pressing plate (231) is fixedly connected above each fan-shaped sampling box (23), and each fan-shaped pressing plate (231) is in sliding connection with the sleeve (21) through a plurality of spring rods (24) arranged on the top surface of the sleeve (21);
the top surfaces of the fan-shaped pressing plates (231) are fixedly provided with an air bag (25) for pushing the fan-shaped pressing plates (231) to descend by inflation, the upper end of the air bag (25) is in contact with the upper cover, the upper cover is provided with an air hole for respectively butting and communicating with the air bags (25) by rotation of the cylinder, and the top surface of the upper cover positioned at the air hole is provided with a first air cylinder (26);
a piston (261) is connected in a sliding manner to the first air cylinder (26), one end of the piston (261) is connected with the bottom surface of the first air cylinder (26) through a spring, the other end of the piston (261) is fixedly connected with a push rod (262), an air inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the first air cylinder (26), an air outlet of the first air cylinder (26) is communicated with the air hole, and a transmission shaft (22) is sleeved with a cylindrical cam (222) for pushing the push rod (262) to reciprocate up and down by rotation;
the sampling tube (2) positioned in the fixed tube (1) is fixedly sleeved with a toothed ring (27), the inner bottom surface of the fixed tube (1) positioned at one side of the toothed ring (27) is provided with a second motor (12), and the output shaft of the second motor (12) is sleeved with a first gear (13) which is used for meshed transmission with the toothed ring (27).
2. A sampling device for detecting the ecotoxicity of soil according to claim 1, wherein a handle (14) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the fixed cylinder (1).
3. A sampling device for detecting the ecotoxicity of soil according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the sampling tube (2) is provided with a graduated scale.
4. The sampling device for detecting the soil ecological toxicity according to claim 1, wherein two sides of the toothed ring (27) are respectively provided with a sleeve (15), the sleeves (15) are rotationally connected with the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder (1), and a second gear (16) for meshing with the toothed ring (27) to drive is fixedly sleeved on the sleeve (15);
the sampling cylinder (2) at the lower end of the fixed cylinder (1) is sleeved with a cleaning ring (28) for cleaning soil on the side wall of the sampling cylinder (2) in a sliding manner, a lifting rod (17) for lifting by utilizing rotation of the sleeve (15) is arranged in each sleeve (15), the upper end of the lifting rod (17) penetrates through the top surface of the fixed cylinder (1), and the lower end of the lifting rod (17) penetrates through the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder (1) and is in rotary connection with the cleaning ring (28);
the lifting rod (17) consists of a screw rod (171) at the upper end and a round rod (172) at the lower end, threads matched with the screw rod (171) are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (15), and the length of the round rod (172) is equal to the distance from the upper end of the sleeve (15) to the cleaning ring (28).
5. The sampling device for detecting soil ecotoxicity according to claim 4, wherein the cleaning ring (28) is composed of an upper ring body and a lower mud scraping ring, and the mud scraping ring is in a truncated cone shape.
6. The sampling device for detecting soil ecological toxicity according to claim 4, wherein a spray ring (281) is sleeved on the sampling cylinder (2) positioned at the upper end of the cleaning ring (28), the spray ring (281) is fixedly connected with the cleaning ring (28), and a plurality of spray heads communicated with the interior of the spray ring (281) are arranged on the inner wall of the spray ring (281) at equal angular intervals in a scattering shape;
the clearance ring (28) bottom surface is equipped with one side and is equipped with arc water tank (282), spray ring (281) through the delivery pipe with arc water tank (282) lower extreme intercommunication is located be equipped with on the upper cover of cylinder cam (222) one side and be used for utilizing cylinder cam (222) to rotate to inflated second inflator (29) in arc water tank (282), second inflator (29) are through hose and arc water tank (282) upper end intercommunication, be equipped with the gas vent on the hose, gas vent department is equipped with the valve.
7. The sampling device for detecting the soil ecological toxicity according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod is transversely arranged and fixedly connected with the side wall of the upper cover, the cylindrical cam (222) is rotationally connected with the transmission shaft (22), a carrying rod is transversely arranged on the side wall of the transmission shaft (22) between the cylindrical cam (222) and the inner top surface of the fixed cylinder (1), one end of the carrying rod is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft (22), a third air bag (223) is arranged on the lower end surface of the other end of the carrying rod, an air inlet is arranged on the third air bag (223), a one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet, an air hole is transversely arranged in the transmission shaft (22), one end of the air hole is communicated with the third air bag (223) through a pipeline buried in the carrying rod, and the other end of the air hole is provided with a valve;
a sliding hole is transversely formed in a transmission shaft (22) located at the position of the cylindrical cam (222), a clamping column (226) is connected in the sliding hole in a sliding mode, one end of the clamping column is connected with the sliding hole through a second air bag (225), a clamping hole corresponding to the clamping column (226) is formed in the inner wall of the cylindrical cam (222), the second air bag (225) is communicated with the side wall of the air hole, and a protruding column (224) for rotating and extruding a third air bag (223) through the transmission shaft (22) is arranged on the upper cover.
8. The method of sampling by a sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, starting the first motor (11), wherein the first motor (11) drives the drill bit (221) to rotate through the transmission shaft (22), and simultaneously, the sampling cylinder (2) is inserted into soil by pressing down the fixed cylinder (1) until the sampling cylinder (2) descends to the target depth;
s2, starting the second motor (12), enabling the second motor (12) to drive the sampling cylinder (2) to rotate until the air hole is in butt joint communication with one air bag (25), closing the second motor (12), and enabling the transmission shaft (22) to drive the cylindrical cam (222) to rotate when rotating at the moment;
s3, in the rotating process of the cylindrical cam (222), the piston (261) is driven to reciprocate up and down through the push rod (262), the piston (261) continuously charges air into the air bag (25) through the air hole by the reciprocating motion up and down, the air bag (25) is inflated and expanded to push the fan-shaped pressing plate (231) to drive the fan-shaped sampling box (23) to slide downwards, at the moment, the bottom surface of the fan-shaped sampling box (23) is staggered with the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder (2), and the fan-shaped sampling box (23) is opened;
s4, starting a second motor (12), wherein the second motor (12) continuously drives the sampling cylinder (2) to rotate, the fan-shaped sampling box (23) can rotate along with the sampling cylinder (2), and soil is shoveled into the fan-shaped sampling box (23) from the opening in the rotating process;
s5, after the sampling tube (2) rotates, the air bag (25) is separated from the air hole, the air bag (25) can be gradually deflated in the process that the fan-shaped sampling box (23) rotates along with the sampling tube (2), after the air bag (25) deflates, the fan-shaped sampling box (23) can reset under the action of the spring rod (24), the fixed tube (1) is continuously pressed down to enable the sampling tube (2) to descend to the next depth, and the second motor (12) is continuously rotated to enable the next air bag (25) to be aligned with the air hole, so that the next fan-shaped sampling box (23) can be opened to collect samples of the next depth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310922703.9A CN117091877A (en) | 2023-07-26 | 2023-07-26 | Sampling device and sampling method for detecting soil ecotoxicity |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310922703.9A CN117091877A (en) | 2023-07-26 | 2023-07-26 | Sampling device and sampling method for detecting soil ecotoxicity |
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| CN117091877A true CN117091877A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
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| CN202310922703.9A Pending CN117091877A (en) | 2023-07-26 | 2023-07-26 | Sampling device and sampling method for detecting soil ecotoxicity |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117517622A (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-02-06 | 乐创环保科技有限公司 | Soil detection equipment for deep soil detection |
| CN117517624A (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-06 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Soil fertilizer detection device |
| CN117783451A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-03-29 | 山西锦丰大地精密机械有限公司 | Underground gas detection device |
| CN117804841A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Water conservancy water quality sampling equipment and application method thereof |
| CN117890150A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 无锡中地钻探装备有限公司 | Shallow layer rock soil sampling assembly for geological exploration |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117517622A (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-02-06 | 乐创环保科技有限公司 | Soil detection equipment for deep soil detection |
| CN117517624A (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-06 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Soil fertilizer detection device |
| CN117517624B (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-03-19 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Soil fertilizer detection device |
| CN117783451A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-03-29 | 山西锦丰大地精密机械有限公司 | Underground gas detection device |
| CN117783451B (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-05-14 | 山西锦丰大地精密机械有限公司 | Underground gas detection device |
| CN117804841A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Water conservancy water quality sampling equipment and application method thereof |
| CN117804841B (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-05-07 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Water conservancy water quality sampling equipment and application method thereof |
| CN117890150A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 无锡中地钻探装备有限公司 | Shallow layer rock soil sampling assembly for geological exploration |
| CN117890150B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-24 | 无锡中地钻探装备有限公司 | Shallow layer rock soil sampling assembly for geological exploration |
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