CN114544245B - Ocean beach environment sampling system and method - Google Patents
Ocean beach environment sampling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544245B CN114544245B CN202210093186.4A CN202210093186A CN114544245B CN 114544245 B CN114544245 B CN 114544245B CN 202210093186 A CN202210093186 A CN 202210093186A CN 114544245 B CN114544245 B CN 114544245B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 317
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1031—Sampling from special places
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
Abstract
The invention relates to a marine mud flat environment sampling system and a method, wherein the system comprises a substrate collecting system and a water sample collecting system, the substrate collecting system comprises a mud separating cylinder and a mud collecting bag, the mud collecting bag is arranged in the mud separating cylinder, the bottom of the mud collecting bag is open, the top of the mud collecting bag is closed, and the bottom of the mud collecting bag is open and turned outwards to be wrapped outside the periphery of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder; the water sample collection system comprises a mud separating cylinder and a water collector, wherein the water collector is arranged inside the mud separating cylinder and comprises a water collecting cylinder, more than one circle of water inlet holes are formed in the side wall of the water collecting cylinder close to the bottom, a sealing ring is sleeved outside the water collecting cylinder, the sealing ring is positioned above the water inlet holes, and the water inlet holes can be blocked by downward movement. The method comprises the steps that a mud collecting bag and a water collector are simultaneously arranged in a mud separating cylinder, the water collector is positioned above the mud collecting bag, and a substrate and a water sample are collected simultaneously, or the mud collecting bag and the water collector are independently arranged in the mud separating cylinder, and the substrate and the water sample are collected respectively. The invention has smart and flexible structural design and realizes the single controllable substrate and water sample collecting device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a marine beach environment sampling system and method, and belongs to the technical field of marine beach sampling.
Background
The ocean beach is called as an intertidal zone in topography, the ocean beach ecology has important economic and environmental benefits, in recent years, the beach agriculture and fishery brings a small environmental problem to the ocean beach area, a certain degree of pollution is caused, the monitoring of microorganisms and various pollutants is the basis for researching the ocean beach ecology, and the sampling of the beach environment is a necessary link for researching the problems of microbial communities, various pollutants and the like of the beach environment.
The mud flat environment sampling is greatly different from the conventional inland river and lake sampling, the substrate in the river and lake environment sampling is generally in a depth of a few meters to a few tens of meters in a water body, the substrate acquisition and the water sample acquisition are carried out separately, the sampling positions are far apart, and the mud flat environment sampling generally needs to acquire the substrate and the water sample at the same site, and a special sampling system is needed to acquire the substrate and the water sample simultaneously. The current beach substrate is mainly sampled by manpower and freehand, so that the shipment is inconvenient, water in the sample is difficult to pour out, time and labor are wasted, the influence of human factors is large, and the beach substrate has certain danger; the current water sample collection device is more suitable for collecting water samples of rivers and lakes, the water inlet of the device is generally arranged at the bottom, and in a tidal flat environment, cheng Hui is placed down by the water collection device to be mixed with sediment, animals, plants and other interferents, so that the collection efficiency of the water sample is reduced. How to save time and labor, be safe and sanitary and reduce artificial interference is the key of the beach environment sampling, and has important significance for avoiding sample pollution and reducing the burden of sampling personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a marine beach environment sampling system and a marine beach environment sampling method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the marine mud flat environment sampling system comprises a substrate collecting system and a water sample collecting system, wherein the substrate collecting system comprises a mud separating cylinder and a mud collecting bag, the mud separating cylinder is a round pipe which is communicated up and down, the mud collecting bag is arranged in the mud separating cylinder, the bottom of the mud collecting bag is open, the top of the mud collecting bag is closed, and the bottom of the mud collecting bag is open, turned outwards and wrapped on the outer side of the periphery of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder;
the water sample collection system comprises a mud separating cylinder and a water collector, wherein the water collector is arranged inside the mud separating cylinder, the water collector comprises a water collecting cylinder, more than one circle of water inlet holes are formed in the side wall of the water collecting cylinder close to the bottom, a sealing ring is sleeved outside the water collecting cylinder, and the sealing ring is located above the water inlet holes and can move downwards to seal the water inlet holes.
Further, the bottom of the mud collecting bag is opened and the periphery of the mud collecting bag is turned up, the outer wall of the mud collecting bag is fixed to form a rope penetrating channel, two notches which are symmetrical in circle center are cut in the rope penetrating channel, 2 mud collecting bag pulling ropes are penetrated in the rope penetrating channel, one mud collecting bag pulling rope penetrates through the rope penetrating channel, penetrates out of one notch and is knotted to form a circular closed rope, the other mud collecting bag pulling rope penetrates through the rope penetrating channel, penetrates out of the other notch and is knotted to form a circular closed rope, and the mud collecting bag pulling rope outside the rope penetrating channel forms a closed pulling handle.
Further, a mud collecting bag handle is arranged at the top of the mud collecting bag.
Further, the water collecting cylinder is in a truncated cone shape with gradually shrinking openings from bottom to top, the bottom of the water collecting cylinder is closed, the top of the water collecting cylinder is provided with a cylinder cover, the cylinder cover is provided with air holes, and plugging materials which are only breathable and waterproof are stuck in the air holes;
the area covered by the peripheral sealing ring of the water collection cylinder is also provided with a plurality of spring brackets, and when the sealing ring moves down to a position below the spring brackets, the spring brackets pop up to stop the sealing ring from moving up.
Further, the water collection cylinder outer wall indent forms the mounting groove, the spring bracket sets up in the mounting groove, the spring bracket includes bracing piece and spring, spring one end is connected with the mounting groove inner wall, and the other end is close to bottom position connection with the bracing piece, the bracing piece lower extreme is the free end, but the top swivelling joint in upper end and the mounting groove.
Further, a closed-loop water pressing plate is arranged above the closed loop, the bottom of the closed-loop water pressing plate is fixedly connected with the closed loop, and arc flaring is transited from the bottom to the top.
Further, more than two pull rings (10) are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the side wall of the water collecting cylinder close to the upper end, each pull ring (10) is connected with a pull rope, and the upper ends of all pull ropes are converged into a total pull rope;
the top of the water collection cylinder is open, an open water collection cylinder cover is arranged, a plurality of air holes are formed in the water collection cylinder cover, and polypropylene materials are adhered to the air holes.
The marine beach environment sampling method is based on the marine beach environment sampling system, and concretely comprises the following steps when the water depth of a sampling point is enough to lower a water sample collecting system:
step 1: placing the mud collecting bag in the mud separating cylinder with the opening facing downwards, wherein the part, close to the lower part, of the rope penetrating channel at the bottom of the mud collecting bag is turned over to the outside of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder, and the rope drawing of the mud collecting bag is positioned outside the mud separating cylinder and extends upwards to the upper part of the mud separating cylinder;
step 2: the water collector is arranged in the mud separating cylinder and is positioned above the mud collecting bag, and the total pull rope extends upwards to the position above the mud separating cylinder;
step 3: the method comprises the steps that after a mud isolation cylinder and a mud collecting bag and a water collector in the mud isolation cylinder are arranged vertically above a sampling point, the mud collecting bag and the water collector are synchronously and slowly lowered, when a water inlet hole of the water collector is immersed below a water surface, a water sample enters the water collecting cylinder from the water inlet hole, the water collecting cylinder is continuously lowered, water enters a sealing ring water pressure plate from a gap between the sealing ring and the water collecting cylinder, the water sample is continuously lowered to a predicted depth, a total pull rope is pulled upwards, when the sealing ring water pressure plate moves out of the water surface, water is filled in the sealing ring water pressure plate, and when the sealing ring water pressure plate moves out of the water surface, the sealing ring water pressure plate moves downwards under the water, the sealing ring water pressure plate moves synchronously with the sealing ring water pressure plate to block the water inlet hole, a spring bracket pops up against the sealing ring water pressure plate to prevent the sealing ring and the sealing ring water pressure plate from moving, and the water sample in the water collector is taken out, so that the water sample is formed;
step 4: the mud separating cylinder is continuously lowered until the bottom of the mud separating cylinder contacts the mud flat, and the mud separating cylinder is pressed down to the sampling depth;
step 5: pulling the mud separating cylinder upwards for a certain stroke, pulling the mud collecting bag pull ropes, relatively tightening the lower ends of the two mud collecting bag pull ropes, and finally closing the opening at the lower end of the mud collecting bag, wherein the substrate in the mud collecting bag is closed;
step 6: synchronously drawing the mud separating cylinder and the mud collecting bag to be above the liquid level, and sampling the substrate;
when the water depth of the sampling point is not enough to drain the water sample collection system, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of substrate before sampling: selecting a mud separating barrel and a mud collecting bag with proper size, sleeving the mud collecting bag on the sampling barrel with an opening facing downwards, tensioning a pull rope, and placing the mud collecting bag at the upper end of the sampling barrel;
step 2: collecting a substrate: placing the mud separating cylinder sleeved with the mud collecting bag 2 on a mud flat sampling point, pressing the mud separating cylinder 1 according to the required depth, and enabling the substrate to enter the mud collecting bag at the moment;
step 3: lifting the mud separating cylinder upwards for a small section, pulling the two end pull ropes to judge whether a space for shrinking the bag opening is reserved, tensioning the pull ropes if the space can be pulled, and continuously lifting the mud separating cylinder until the pull ropes can be pulled;
step 4: after the drawing rope is tensioned, a handle above the mud collecting bag is grasped, the mud collecting bag is drawn out from the mud separating cylinder, and the mud separating cylinder is left in the mud flat substrate for waiting;
step 5: putting the mud collecting bag 2 into a waterproof bag for sealing and storing, and completing the collection of mud flat bottom materials;
step 6: preparing a water sample before sampling: the water sample collecting system is adjusted to be in a preparation state, namely, a spring support on the outer side of the water collecting cylinder is retracted, a closed ring is moved upwards to the outer side of the support to expose small holes, a cover at the upper end of the water sampler is opened, a layer of filter membrane is fixed on the inner side of the water collecting cylinder and the back of the small holes, and then the cover is closed;
step 7: the pull rope is connected with the pull ring of the sampler in series, the sampler is placed in the mud separating cylinder by pulling the rope, and the water sample in the cylinder is filled with the sampler;
step 8: beginning to pay off the rope, the collector descends by means of self gravity, sinks at the bottom of the mud separating cylinder, stands still for 30-50s, and fully mixes and stabilizes the water sample;
step 9: pulling the pull rope of the collector by means of resistance of the water body to the closed ring water pressing plate, pushing the closed ring to move downwards to cover the small hole, triggering the spring support, and fixing the closed ring outside the small hole, so that the collector completes the sealing of the water sample;
step 10: continuously lifting the collector, removing the collector out of the water surface, opening a water collecting cylinder cover, pouring a water sample into a sterile plastic bottle, and placing the bottle in a low-temperature box to finish the collection of the water sample;
step 11: the mud separating cylinder is retracted from the sampling point and is flushed so as to sample the next point.
The marine beach environment sampling method is based on the marine beach environment sampling system and specifically comprises the following steps of:
water sample sampling
The water collector is arranged in the mud separating cylinder, the total pull rope extends out of the top of the mud separating cylinder, the water collector and the mud separating cylinder are synchronously lowered to the sampling depth, the sealing ring and the sealing ring water pressing plate are immersed under the liquid level, after the water in the water collecting cylinder reaches the required sampling amount, the total pull rope is pulled, when the sealing ring water pressing plate is separated from the water surface, the sealing ring moves downwards to block the water inlet hole, the spring support ejects out to prop against the sealing ring water pressing plate, and the water sample in the water collector is taken out to form the water sample;
substrate sampling
Placing the mud collecting bag in the mud separating cylinder with the opening facing downwards, wherein the part, close to the lower part, of the rope penetrating channel at the bottom of the mud collecting bag is turned over to the outside of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder, and the rope drawing of the mud collecting bag is positioned outside the mud separating cylinder and extends upwards to an operable position;
the mud collecting bag and the mud separating cylinder are synchronously lowered until the bottom of the mud collecting bag contacts the mud flat, and the mud separating cylinder is pressed down to the sampling depth; pulling the mud separating cylinder upwards for a certain stroke, pulling the mud collecting bag pull ropes, relatively tightening the lower ends of the two mud collecting bag pull ropes, and finally closing the opening at the lower end of the mud collecting bag, wherein the substrate in the mud collecting bag is closed; and synchronously drawing the mud separating cylinder and the mud collecting bag to above the liquid level, and sampling the substrate.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention has the advantages of convenient collection and bagging of the substrate, good application effect and solves the inconvenience of dredging and sampling by using the spade and taking out the mud from other sampling equipment.
The mud collecting bag can collect mud flat substrate with certain thickness, can study the longitudinal distribution of substrate microorganisms and the like, and can achieve different study purposes by collecting substrates with different depths.
The invention has good effect of removing water in the substrate sample in the process of collecting the substrate, and improves the substrate sampling efficiency.
The water inlet of the water sample collecting system is arranged on the side surface of the collector and is at a certain distance from the bottom, and the inner side of the water inlet is provided with a layer of filter membrane, so that sediment, stones, branches and other interference objects do not enter in the process of lowering the water sample collecting system, and the effectiveness of a water sample is ensured.
The invention enables the collector to achieve a sealing effect by means of water resistance, and the collector is wholly passive equipment, ingenious in design and environment-friendly.
The invention has simple and easy operation and simple device, can finish the collection of the substrate and the water sample at the same point without complicated operation, and improves the sampling efficiency of the beach environment.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate collection system of the present invention,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a water sample collection system of the present invention,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the substrate acquisition system of the present invention,
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the water sample collection system of the present invention in a down-set process,
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the water sample collection system lifting process of the present invention,
figure 6 is a schematic view of the spring support of the present invention in a retracted state,
figure 7 is a schematic view of the spring holder of the present invention in an ejected state,
in the figure: 1. a mud separating cylinder; 2. a mud collecting bag; 3. a water collector; 4. a mud separating cylinder scale; 5. a mud collecting bag handle; 6. a mud collecting bag is pulled out; eighthly, a water collecting tube pull rope; 9. a water collection cartridge cover; 10. a water collecting cylinder pull ring; 11. a water collecting cylinder; 12. sealing the ring water pressing plate; 13. a closed loop; 14. a water inlet hole; 15. a spring bracket; 16. a filter membrane; 17. the side surface of the water collecting cylinder is inclined at an angle.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a marine mud flat environment collection system, which comprises a substrate collection system and a water sample collection system, wherein the substrate collection system mainly comprises a mud separating cylinder 1 and a mud collecting bag 2, the mud collecting bag 2 is sleeved on the mud separating cylinder 1, after the mud separating cylinder 1 is inserted into the mud flat substrate to a required depth, the mud separating cylinder 1 is slightly lifted, a tightly-pulled space is reserved for an opening of the mud collecting bag 2, at the moment, mud collecting bag suction ropes 6 at two ends of the mud collecting bag 2 are pulled, bagging and sealing of mud samples are completed, then the mud collecting bag 2 is lifted out of the mud separating cylinder 1, and then the water sample collection system is put in. The water sample collection system mainly comprises a water collection cylinder 11 and a sealing ring 13, wherein the sealing ring 13 is arranged outside the water collection cylinder 11 and is used for sealing a water sample after underwater sampling is finished, and the water sample collection system is not interfered by the outside.
The mud collecting bag 2 is used as a main tool for collecting mud flat bottom materials, is a disposable plastic product, is a bag of a sample, is used for storing mud samples, is mainly sleeved at the bottom of the mud separating cylinder 1, and is used for packaging the mud samples by means of the force of the mud separating cylinder 1. In the process of extracting the mud collecting bag 2 from the mud separating barrel 1, redundant water in mud samples can leak, and the mud collecting bag 2 is directly put into a waterproof bag for sealing, so that the method is convenient and quick, clean and pollution-free.
The mud separating cylinder 1 is made of stainless steel, is light in material, high in hardness, shock-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high in strength, can well penetrate deep into the mud flat bottom with the mud collecting bag 2, has scales on the outer surface, can determine the collection depth by the mud separating cylinder scales 4, can display the sampling depth by the mud separating cylinder scales 4, has the minimum precision of 5cm, has the maximum depth of 50cm for the collected mud, has the diameter of 15cm for the mud separating cylinder 1, has the maximum capacity of 8L, and has two grooves on the inner wall surface for placing the spring support 15.
The size of the mud separating cylinder 1 is consistent with that of the mud collecting bag 2, and the opening part of the mud collecting bag 2 can be just sleeved at the upper end of the mud separating cylinder 1. The mud separating cylinder 1 has the height of 55cm, the inner diameter of 15cm and the maximum capacity of 8L.
The top of the mud collecting bag 2 is also provided with a handle 5, and the mud collecting bag 2 is taken out from the mud separating barrel 1 by lifting the handle 5 after the mud collecting is finished.
The opening of the mud collecting bag 2 is penetrated with a mud collecting bag 2 pumping rope for the mud separating cylinder 1 to reach the sampling depth, and the pumping rope is tensioned after the mud sample is packaged, so that the effect of sealing the bag is achieved.
The water collector 3 is used as a main tool for collecting the water sample of the tidal flat, and comprises a water collecting cylinder 11, a closed ring 13, a water pressing plate and other main parts.
One or more circles of water inlet holes 14 are formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the circumferential side wall of the water collecting cylinder 11, the water inlet holes 14 serve as water inlets of the water collecting cylinder 11, water flows into the water collecting cylinder 11 from the water inlet holes 14 and is stored in the water collecting cylinder, the diameter of each water inlet hole 14 is 0.5cm,5-10 water inlet holes are uniformly distributed in the cylinder body, and the height from the center of the water inlet holes 14 to the bottom surface is 3-4cm.
As shown in fig. 4-7, two symmetrical spring brackets 15 are arranged above the water inlet 14 or a plurality of spring brackets 15 are uniformly arranged on the circumference, when the spring brackets 15 are retracted, the closed ring 13 can flexibly move up and down within a certain range outside the water inlet 14 and the spring brackets 15, when the closed ring 13 moves down to cover the water inlet 14 to a certain extent, the brackets pop out, the closed ring 13 is blocked, and the closed ring 13 cannot move up.
The spring bracket 15 is used as a movable element for fixing the closed ring 13, one end of the spring and the upper part of the bracket are fixed in a groove on the inner side wall of the water collecting cylinder 11, the other end of the spring is connected with the lower part of the bracket, the lower part of the bracket can be propped open under the pressure of the spring, the closed ring 13 can be clamped after being propped open, the bracket is retracted and pressed by the closed ring 13, the closed ring 13 can be attached to the cylinder wall and the outer side of the bracket to move up and down, when the closed ring 13 moves down to a certain extent, the small hole is covered and the whole small groove is exposed, the bracket is sprung up by the spring, the closed ring 13 can not move up to be fixed, and the water collecting cylinder 11 is sealed.
The periphery of the closed ring 13 is provided with a circle of bowl-shaped water pressing plates with upward openings, the bowl-shaped water pressing plates are used for increasing moving resistance, when the collecting device is lifted upwards in water with force, water flow downwards impacts the closed ring water pressing plates 12, the closed ring 13 is driven to downwards move, the support is ejected out, and the closed ring 13 covers small holes, so that the water sample is sealed.
Two ends of the upper part of the water collecting cylinder 11 are respectively provided with a water collecting cylinder pull ring 10, and three or more water collecting cylinder pull rings 10 can be circumferentially arranged and used for binding a pull rope 8 of the water collecting cylinder 11 and placing the water sample collecting system into a water body and lifting the water sample collecting system. All the pull ropes 8 of the water collecting cylinders 11 are integrated into a total pull rope which is used as a main tool for lowering and lifting the water collecting cylinders 11.
The water collection cylinder 11 is mainly used for storing water samples, the cylinder body is in a circular truncated cone shape and is not a cylinder, the inclination of the circular truncated cone is 89 degrees, namely, the inclination of the side face inclination angle 17 of the water collection cylinder is 89 degrees, the lower bottom face is slightly larger than the upper bottom face, when the closed ring 13 moves downwards, the joint face with the water collection cylinder 11 can be tighter, and the tightness of the small holes is stronger. The water-collecting cylinder 11 is made of organic glass, has certain weight and strength, can not deform in the sampling process, and has the radius of the upper bottom of the water-collecting cylinder 11 of 5.5cm, the radius of the lower bottom of 6cm, the height of about 30cm and the maximum capacity of 3L.
The outside of the water collection cylinder 11 is sleeved with a sealing ring 13, the sealing ring 13 is used as a switch of the water inlet hole 14 and is used for shielding the water inlet hole 14 of the water collection cylinder 11 after water sample collection is completed, so that the effect of sealing the water sample and avoiding interference of water samples in other areas is achieved. The inner side of the sealing ring 13 is made of corrosion-resistant rubber, and the sealing ring can be bonded with the outer wall of the water collecting cylinder 11 to achieve a good sealing effect.
The closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is connected above the closed loop 13, the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is used for driving the closed loop 13 to move up and down, the whole water pressing plate is bowl-shaped, an opening is upward, the blocking force of the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is small when the whole device moves downwards, the resistance is large when the whole device moves upwards, the closed loop 13 can be driven to move downwards, and the maximum radius of the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is 7cm.
The upper part of the water collecting cylinder 11 is provided with a water collecting cylinder cover 9, the inside of the water collecting cylinder cover 9 and the outside of the top of the water collecting cylinder 11 are provided with threads for screwing the water collecting cylinder cover 9, and the design of the water collecting cylinder cover 9 is larger and is used for facilitating the maintenance and cleaning of the inside of the water collecting cylinder 11. The water collecting cylinder cover 9 can be opened when the water collecting cylinder 11 is maintained, drained and the filter membrane 16 is replaced, so that the operation is convenient. The water collection cylinder cover 9 is provided with air holes, so that the pressure inside and outside the water collection cylinder 11 is balanced, water samples can be collected conveniently, the diameter of each air hole is 0.5cm, the air holes are firmly stuck in the holes by adopting a polypropylene material, and only air permeation and water impermeability are realized.
A circle of filter membrane 16 is fixed in the water collecting cylinder 11, the filter membrane 16 is attached to cover the water inlet 14, the filter membrane 16 is used for sampling when a water body is turbid, and interference objects such as gravel, animals and plants are prevented from entering the water collecting cylinder 11, the filter membrane 16 is made of cellulose filter membranes 16, and the filter membrane 16 is replaced uniformly so as to keep the purity of a water sample, and the water collecting cylinder has the characteristics of low price, difficult scaling, smooth structure, no adsorptivity, wide use temperature range, acid resistance and the like.
When the water depth of the sampling point is not enough to the following water sample collection system, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of substrate before sampling: selecting a mud separating cylinder 1 and a mud collecting bag 2 with proper sizes, sleeving the mud collecting bag 2 on a sampling cylinder, opening downwards, tensioning a pull rope, and placing the sampling cylinder at the upper end;
step 2: collecting a substrate: placing the mud separating cylinder 1 sleeved with the mud collecting bag 2 on a mud flat sampling point, pressing the mud separating cylinder 1 according to a required depth to the required depth, and enabling the substrate to enter the mud collecting bag 2 at the moment;
step 3: lifting the mud separating cylinder 1 upwards for a small section, pulling the two end pull ropes to judge whether a space for shrinking the bag opening is reserved, tensioning the pull ropes if the space can be pulled, and continuously lifting the mud separating cylinder 1 until the pull ropes can be pulled;
step 4: after the drawing rope is tensioned, a handle 5 above the mud collecting bag 2 is grasped, the mud collecting bag 2 is drawn out of the mud separating cylinder 1, and the mud separating cylinder 1 is left in the mud flat substrate for waiting;
step 5: putting the mud collecting bag 2 into a waterproof bag for sealing and storing, and completing the collection of mud flat bottom materials;
step 6: preparing a water sample before sampling: the water sample collection system is adjusted to be in a preparation state, namely, a spring bracket 15 on the outer side of the water collection barrel 11 is retracted, a closed loop 13 is moved upwards to the outer side of the bracket to expose small holes, a cover at the upper end of the water sampler is opened, a layer of filter membrane 16 is fixed on the inner side of the water collection barrel 11 and the back of the small holes, and then the cover is closed;
step 7: the pull rope is connected with the pull ring of the sampler in series, the sampler is placed in the mud separating cylinder 1 by pulling the rope, and the water sample in the cylinder is filled with the sampler;
step 8: beginning to pay off the rope, the collector descends by means of self gravity and sinks at the bottom of the mud separating cylinder 1, and the water sample is left to stand for 30-50s, and is fully mixed and stabilized;
step 9: the pull rope of the collector is pulled, the resistance of the water body to the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is utilized to push the closed loop 13 to move downwards to cover the small hole, the spring support 15 is triggered, the closed loop 13 is fixed at the outer side of the small hole, and at the moment, the collector completes the sealing of the water sample;
step 10: continuously lifting the collector, removing the collector out of the water surface, opening the water collecting cylinder cover 9, pouring the water sample into a sterile plastic bottle, and placing the bottle in a low-temperature box to finish the collection of the water sample;
step 11: the mud-cell 1 is withdrawn from the sampling point and the mud-cell 1 is flushed for sampling of the next point.
When the water depth of the sampling point is enough to drain the water sample collecting system, the method can realize one-step simultaneous collection of the substrate and the water sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the mud collecting bag 2 in the mud separating cylinder 1 with the opening facing downwards, and turning over the part of the rope penetrating channel at the bottom of the mud collecting bag 2 to the outside of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder 1, wherein the mud collecting bag pumping rope 6 is positioned outside the mud separating cylinder 1 and extends upwards to the upper part of the mud separating cylinder 1;
step 2: the water collector 3 is arranged in the mud separating cylinder 1 and is positioned above the mud collecting bag 2, and the total pull rope extends upwards to the position above the mud separating cylinder 1;
step 3: after the mud isolation cylinder 1 and the mud collecting bag 2 and the water collector 3 in the mud isolation cylinder are arranged vertically above a sampling point, synchronously slowly downwards placing, after the water inlet 14 of the water collector 3 is immersed under the water surface, water samples enter the water collecting cylinder 11 from the water inlet 14, the water collecting cylinder 11 continuously downwards placing, water enters the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 from a gap between the closed-loop 13 and the water collecting cylinder 11, continuously downwards placing the water sample to the expected depth, lifting the total pulling rope upwards, when the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 moves out of the water surface, water is filled in the closed-loop water pressing plate 12, when the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 moves out of the water surface, the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is downwards moved by the water under the water, the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is synchronously downwards moved along with the closed-loop 13 to block the water inlet 14, the spring bracket 15 pops up, the closed-loop water pressing plate 12 is prevented from moving, and the water samples in the water collector 3 are taken out to form the water samples;
step 4: the mud separating cylinder 1 is continuously lowered until the bottom of the mud separating cylinder contacts the mud flat, and the mud separating cylinder 1 is pressed down to the sampling depth;
step 5: the mud separating cylinder 1 is pulled upwards for a certain stroke, the mud collecting bag suction ropes 6 are pulled, the lower ends of the two mud collecting bag suction ropes 6 are relatively tightened, and finally, the lower end opening of the mud collecting bag 2 is closed, and the substrate in the mud collecting bag 2 is closed;
step 6: and synchronously drawing the mud separating cylinder 1 and the mud collecting bag 2 to above the liquid level to sample the substrate.
When the invention is used, only a water sample is required to be collected, or only a substrate is required to be collected, the water sample collection system or the substrate collection system is independently arranged.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a marine beach environment sampling system which characterized in that: the device comprises a substrate collecting system and a water sample collecting system, wherein the substrate collecting system comprises a mud separating barrel (1) and a mud collecting bag (2), the mud separating barrel (1) is a round pipe which is communicated up and down, the mud collecting bag (2) is arranged inside the mud separating barrel (1), the bottom of the mud collecting bag (2) is open, the top of the mud collecting bag is closed, and the bottom of the mud collecting bag (2) is open, turned outwards and wrapped outside the periphery of the bottom of the mud separating barrel (1);
the water sample collection system comprises a mud separating cylinder (1) and a water collector (3), wherein the water collector (3) is arranged inside the mud separating cylinder (1), the water collector (3) comprises a water collecting cylinder (11), more than one circle of water inlet holes (14) are formed in the side wall of the water collecting cylinder (11) close to the bottom, a sealing ring (13) is sleeved outside the water collecting cylinder (11), and the sealing ring (13) is positioned above the water inlet holes (14) and can move downwards to seal the water inlet holes (14);
the water collection cylinder (11) is in a truncated cone shape with gradually shrinking openings from bottom to top, the bottom of the water collection cylinder (11) is closed, the top of the water collection cylinder is provided with a cylinder cover (9), the cylinder cover (9) is provided with air holes, and plugging materials which only breathe and are impermeable to water are stuck in the air holes;
the area covered by the peripheral sealing ring (13) of the water collecting cylinder (11) is further provided with a plurality of spring brackets (15), and when the sealing ring (13) moves down to a position below the spring brackets (15), the spring brackets (15) spring out to stop the sealing ring (13) from moving up.
2. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the mud collecting bag is characterized in that the outer wall of the mud collecting bag (2) is fixed to form a rope penetrating channel after the periphery of the bottom of the mud collecting bag (2) is flanged, two notches which are symmetrical with each other in circle center are cut in the rope penetrating channel, 2 mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) penetrate through the rope penetrating channel, one mud collecting bag drawing rope (6) penetrates through one notch and is knotted to form a circular closed rope, the other mud collecting bag drawing rope (6) penetrates through the rope penetrating channel and is knotted to form a circular closed rope, and the mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) outside the rope penetrating channel form a closed drawing handheld part.
3. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the top of the mud collecting bag (2) is provided with a mud collecting bag handle (5).
4. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a water-collecting barrel, including a water-collecting barrel (11), a spring support (15) and a support rod, wherein the water-collecting barrel (11) outer wall indent forms the mounting groove, spring support (15) set up in the mounting groove, spring support (15) include bracing piece and spring, spring one end is connected with the mounting groove inner wall, and the other end is close to bottom position with the bracing piece and is connected, the bracing piece lower extreme is the free end, but upper end and the top swivelling joint in the mounting groove.
5. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the closed ring (13) is provided with a closed ring water pressing plate (12), the bottom of the closed ring water pressing plate (12) is fixedly connected with the closed ring (13), and the transition from the bottom to the top is circular arc flaring.
6. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: more than two pull rings (10) are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the side wall of the water collecting barrel (11) close to the upper end, each pull ring (10) is connected with a pull rope (8), and the upper ends of all the pull ropes (8) are gathered into a total pull rope.
7. The marine beach environment sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the filter membrane is arranged on the inner side wall of the water collecting barrel (11) in a fitting mode, and the filter membrane covers the water inlet hole (14).
8. A marine beach environment sampling method is characterized in that: the method is based on the marine beach environment sampling system as claimed in any one of the claims 1-6, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the mud collecting bag (2) in the mud separating cylinder (1) with the opening facing downwards, wherein the part, close to the lower part, of the rope penetrating channel at the bottom of the mud collecting bag (2) is folded to the outside of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder (1), and the mud collecting bag suction rope (6) is positioned outside the mud separating cylinder (1) and extends upwards;
step 2: the water collector (3) is arranged in the mud separating cylinder (1) and is positioned above the mud collecting bag (2), and the total pull rope extends upwards to the position above the mud separating cylinder (1);
step 3: after the mud isolation cylinder (1) and the mud collection bag (2) and the water collector (3) in the mud isolation cylinder are arranged vertically above a sampling position, the mud isolation cylinder is slowly lowered synchronously, when a water inlet hole (14) of the water collector (3) is submerged below the water surface, a water sample enters the water collection cylinder (11) from the water inlet hole (14), the water collection cylinder (11) continues to be lowered, water enters a closed-loop water pressing plate (12) from a gap between a closed loop (13) and the water collection cylinder (11), the water continues to be lowered to a preset depth, a total pulling rope is pulled upwards, when the closed-loop water pressing plate (12) moves out of the water surface, the water sample is filled in the closed-loop water pressing plate (12), the closed-loop water pressing plate (12) is pushed down by the water in the water sealing ring, the closed-loop water pressing plate (13) is synchronously moved down, the water inlet hole (14) is blocked, a spring bracket (15) pops up, the closed-loop water pressing plate (12) is prevented from moving the closed-loop (13) and the closed-loop water collector (12) is prevented from moving, and the water sample is taken out of the water sample collector (3);
step 4: the mud separating cylinder (1) is continuously lowered until the bottom of the mud separating cylinder is contacted with the mud flat, and the mud separating cylinder (1) is pressed down to the sampling depth;
step 5: the mud separating cylinder (1) is pulled upwards for a certain stroke, the mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) are pulled, the lower ends of the two mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) are relatively tightened, and finally, the lower end opening of the mud collecting bag (2) is closed, and the substrate in the mud collecting bag (2) is closed;
step 6: synchronously drawing the mud separating cylinder (1) and the mud collecting bag (2) to above the liquid level to sample the substrate.
9. A marine beach environment sampling method is characterized in that: the method is based on the marine beach environment sampling system as claimed in any one of the claims 1-6, and specifically comprises the following steps:
water sample sampling
The water collector (3) is arranged in the mud separating cylinder (1), the total pull rope extends out of the top of the mud separating cylinder (1), the water collector (3) and the mud separating cylinder (1) are synchronously lowered to the sampling depth, the closed ring (13) and the closed ring water pressing plate (12) are immersed under the liquid level, after the water in the water collecting cylinder (11) reaches the required sampling amount, the total pull rope is pulled, when the closed ring water pressing plate (12) is separated from the water surface, the closed ring (13) moves downwards to block the water inlet hole (14), the spring bracket (15) pops up to prop against the closed ring water pressing plate (12), and the water sample in the water collector (3) is taken out to form the water sample;
substrate sampling
Placing the mud collecting bag (2) in the mud separating cylinder (1) with the opening facing downwards, and turning over the part of the rope penetrating channel at the bottom of the mud collecting bag (2) to the outside of the bottom of the mud separating cylinder (1), wherein the mud collecting bag suction rope (6) is positioned outside the mud separating cylinder (1) and extends upwards to an operable position;
the mud collecting bag (2) and the mud separating cylinder (1) are synchronously lowered until the bottom of the mud collecting bag contacts the mud flat, and the mud separating cylinder (1) is pressed down to the sampling depth; the mud separating cylinder (1) is pulled upwards for a certain stroke, the mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) are pulled, the lower ends of the two mud collecting bag drawing ropes (6) are relatively tightened, and finally, the lower end opening of the mud collecting bag (2) is closed, and the substrate in the mud collecting bag (2) is closed; synchronously drawing the mud separating cylinder (1) and the mud collecting bag (2) to above the liquid level to sample the substrate.
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| CN114544245A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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