CN107279502A - A kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material - Google Patents
A kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107279502A CN107279502A CN201710574657.2A CN201710574657A CN107279502A CN 107279502 A CN107279502 A CN 107279502A CN 201710574657 A CN201710574657 A CN 201710574657A CN 107279502 A CN107279502 A CN 107279502A
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- stalk
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material, and the present invention is using fresh crop material as primary raw material, under the conditions of appropriated moisture, and carrying out anaerobism Combined Processing using sodium acid carbonate and urea forms.The processing not only can farthest retain the original nutritive value of stalk, and be remarkably improved the utilization rate of low-quality stalk organic substance, improve the feeding effect of stalk, reduce the aquaculture cost of ruminant, reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to livestock feed manufacture field, and in particular to a kind of fodder processing side of fresh crop material
Method.
Technical background
China is grain-production big country, is also stalk big producer, and more than 800,000,000 tons of stalk can be produced every year, the whole world is accounted for
The 20%~30% of stalk total amount, wherein, about 5.8 hundred million tons of the cereal crops such as paddy rice, wheat, soybean, corn, potato class stalk is accounted for
The 89% of stalk total amount；The oil crops stalk such as peanut, rapeseed, sesame, sunflower accounts for the 8% of total amount, cotton, sugarcane stalk
Account for the 3% of total amount.Traditional Land use systems of stalk mainly have straw-returning, energy, fodder, the raw material of industry and base-materialization profit
With etc..According to statistics, urban residents' life use can account for 21%, and returning to the field fertilizer accounts for 36%, and feed accounts for 20%, and the raw material of industry such as papermaking is accounted for
3%, discarded burning accounts for 20%.It is simple to burn or arbitrarily accumulate the natural resources for not only wasting preciousness, and have impact on traffic
With aviation safety, pollute air ambient, destroy soil texture, it has also become a great society public hazards, cause the extensive pass of people
Note.Stalk resource rationally is utilized, environmental protection is directly connected to the sustainable development of national economy.
Fodder utilization is effective Land use systems of stalk, but because straw crude protein content only has 3%~6%, dry
Matter digestibility only has 40%~50%, and feed intake is very low, has had a strong impact on its feeding effect.How to reduce wooden in stalk
Cellulose content, improvement palatability, improve feed intake and organic matter digestibility of the ruminant to stalk, are that straw feedization is utilized
Technical bottleneck.
Fresh straw water content is higher, it is difficult to long-term to preserve, and conventional feed processing method mainly has following three kinds：One is
Ensiling, although the method can effectively preserve the nutritive value of fresh straw, is only applicable to the higher stalk of sugar content, such as corn
Straw, sorghum stalks etc., for the low stalk of most of sugar contents (such as beanstalk, Wheat Straw) stalk, because sugar content is relatively low, it is impossible to
The need for meeting lactobacter growth, ensiling success is difficult under usual conditions；During two be to shine that hay is made, but stalk is dried
More than 50% nutriment all due to wind, drench with rain and sunshine radiation and lose, so as to reduce its feeding valency
Value, sometimes because weather reason there is also mildew and rot denaturalization phenomenon；Three be to be alkalized on the basis of drying or ammoniated treatment.But
It must be rinsed after the organic matter that basification can be not only destroyed in stalk, and processing with acid and/or with water, handling process is multiple
It is miscellaneous, also pollute the environment；Though ammoniated treatment can effectively improve the gross protein value of stalk, feed corruption is prevented, stalk is improved
The palatability and digestibility of feed, but because alkalescence is weaker, it is weaker to cell wall constituent damage capability.In addition, in the past at stalk
The stalk primarily directed to natural air drying is managed, even if stalk cell wall composition can be destroyed in processing procedure, organic substance is improved
Digestibility, but be difficult to make up dry during nutriment loss, largely mask Treatment Effects, reduce
The use value of stalk.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material, compared to dry straw processing side
Method, can farthest preserve the original nutritive value of crop material, improve the digestibility of organic substance, make up prior art
Deficiency.
The feed making method of the fresh crop material of the present invention, including the steps：
1) raw material pre-treatment：Fresh straw is carried out to crush hand hay cutter weakness reason,
Preferably, stalk to be processed, which carries out machinery, rubs processing；
2) by step 1) processing after stalk respectively by dry matter weight 2%~3% and 3.5%~4.5% add carbonic acid
Hydrogen sodium and urea, regulation moisture content are sufficiently mixed uniform to 30%~45%；
The addition of wherein sodium acid carbonate and urea is preferably 2.5% and 4%；
3) after raw material is well mixed, progress wraps up in bag processing or raw material is fitted into Sealing Arrangement and is compacted, seals, Anaerobic Treatment
30 days or more, you can obtain satisfactory processing stalk.
Described fresh straw refers to that crops (such as Wheat Straw, straw, corn stalk, beanstalk, peanut seedling) harvest seed
Fresh straw afterwards.
The present invention under the conditions of appropriated moisture, utilizes sodium acid carbonate and urea using fresh crop material as primary raw material
Anaerobism Combined Processing is carried out to form.The processing not only can farthest retain the original nutritive value of stalk, and can be notable
The utilization rate of low-quality stalk organic substance is improved, the feeding effect of stalk is improved, the aquaculture cost of ruminant is reduced, ring is reduced
Pollute in border.
Embodiment
The present invention uses sodium acid carbonate and urea Combined Treatment fresh straw under anaerobic, not only can be farthest
Retain the original nutritive value of stalk, and can effective decomposing straw cell wall constituent, the feeding valency of raising stalk feed
Value, is that processing storage and the fodder of Low quality roughage are efficient using new approaches and methods are opened up, promotes ruminant to raise
The sustainable development of industry.
Ammonia-alkali composite anaerobic the processing for improving straw nutrition value and utilizing status with reference to embodiment to the present invention
Method is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The fresh wheat stalk of harvest seed is taken, prescinds to 3~5cm, the 2.5% and 4% of stalk dry matter weight is pressed respectively
Sodium acid carbonate and urea are added, the regulation moisture content that added water after being well mixed is 35% or so, is wrapped up in immediately with ensiling wrapping machine
Raw material is fitted into horizental silo (bag) and other Sealing Arrangements compacting, sealing by bag processing, and Anaerobic Treatment is after 30 days.Press
GB/T 6432-1994 determine crude protein content, by GB/T 20806-2006 determine neutral detergent fiber content, using indirectly it is competing
Strive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, vomitoxin content.As a result find, handle wheat straw
Crude protein content is 8.37%, improves 145.45% than untreated wheat straw (3.41%) and ammoniated treatment stalk (8.04%) respectively
With 4.10%, neutral detergent fiber content is 69.61%, respectively than untreated wheat straw (73.75%) and ammoniated treatment stalk
(70.78%) 5.61% and 1.65% is reduced.And the wheat straw quality of processing is good, no moldy metamorphism and caking, aflatoxin
B1, zearalenone, vomitoxin recall rate be 0%.
Embodiment 2
The fresh corn stalk after seed will be harvested, hand hay cutter is as short as 2~3cm or progress machinery rubs processing, and natural drying is extremely
Moisture content is 45% or so, adds the urine of the sodium acid carbonate and stalk dry biomass 3.5% that account for stalk dry biomass 3.0%
Element, is carried out wrapping up in bag processing or being fitted into horizental silo (bag) or other Sealing Arrangements pressing with ensiling wrapping machine immediately after being well mixed
Real, sealing, Anaerobic Treatment 45 days.The maize straw neutral detergent fiber content of processing is 38.16%, respectively than untreated
Maize straw (50.79%) and ammoniated corn fodder (45.98%) reduction by 24.87% and 17.01%.Acid detergent fiber content is
22.41%, respectively than untreated corn stalk (28.54%) and ammoniated corn fodder (27.32%) reduction by 21.48% and 17.97%.
Acidic cleaning content of lignin is 2.26%, is reduced respectively than untreated corn stalk (2.95%) and ammoniated corn fodder (3.09%)
23.39% and 26.86%.
Embodiment 3
The fresh paddy rice stalk after seed will be harvested, hand hay cutter is as short as 2~3cm, 2.0% He of stalk dry matter weight is pressed immediately
4.5% adds sodium acid carbonate and urea, it is well mixed after is fitted into compacting in Sealing Arrangement, sealing, Anaerobic Treatment 40 days.Inspection
Survey result to show, ammonia-alkali composite anaerobic processing rice straw crude protein content is 11.47%, than raw water rice straw
(8.17%) 40.39 are improved；Neutral detergent fiber content is 69.66%, than raw water rice straw (72.89%) reduction
4.43%；Acid detergent fiber content is 42.77%, than raw water rice straw (46.88%) reduction by 8.77%.
Embodiment 4
It is (54.07 ± 1.15) kg, the output of milk and lambing date phase from body weight for the feeding effect of verification process stalk
Closely, the healthy Laoshan dairy goat ewe 40 of the primiparity of Early-lactation, has carried out the feeding experiment of 60 days.Experiment is divided into 4 groups, often
10 sheep (repetition) of group, experiment daily ration presses 4 by mixed concentrate+whole corn silage+stalk:3:3 ratios are mixed, at 4
Reason stalk used is followed successively by dry wheat straw, the processing stalk (preparation method be the same as Example 1) of the present invention, Dry corn stalk stalk, dry peanut
Seedling.As a result show：Wheat straw prepared by embodiments of the invention is fed, average feed intake is significantly higher than dry wheat up to 2.35kg/d
Straw group, Dry corn stalk group, wet peanut seedling group, be respectively increased 25.67% (1.87kg/d), 11.37% (2.11kg/d),
10.33% (2.13kg/d)；The output of milk reaches 1.49kg/d, and pole is significantly higher than dry wheat straw group (P<0.01), improve
20.16% (1.24kg/d), with the not notable (P of Dry corn stalk group, peanut seedling group difference>0.05)；Except butterfat percnetage is less than dry peanut
Outer (the P of seedling group<0.05), the not notable (P of other index (protein ratio, milk sugar rate, non-solid content rate) each group differences>0.05).
Embodiment 5
It is the close 2 tires health Lao of (55.20 ± 1.24) kg, the output of milk (1.50 ± 0.25) kg/d, body condition from body weight
Mountain milch goat 12, is randomly divided into 4 groups, every group of 3 repetitions, often repeatedly 1 sheep, determines wheat straw that the present invention handles to milk mountain
The influence of sheep the rate of digestion of daily ration.4 groups of experiment daily rations press 4 by mixed concentrate+whole corn silage+stalk:3:3 ratios mix and
Into 4 processing stalk used is followed successively by dry wheat straw, wheat straw (preparation method be the same as Example 1), the Dry corn stalk that the present invention is handled
Stalk, wet peanut seedling.As a result show：
DM, OM and Nitrogen digestibility of Combined Processing wheat straw group are respectively 65.67%, 67.89%, 65.33%, are significantly higher than
Dry wheat straw group (P<0.05) 9.61% (59.91%), 9.91% (61.77%), 8.40% (60.27%), has been respectively increased, with
Not notable (the P of Dry corn stalk group, two groups of differences of wet peanut seedling group>0.05).
Combined Processing wheat straw group NDF, ADF digestibility is respectively 57.46%, 61.50%, and pole is significantly higher than dry wheat straw
Group, Dry corn stalk group, wet peanut seedling group (P<0.01), wherein, NDF digestibilities improve 15.59% (49.71%), 15.38%
(49.80%) and 42.86% (40.22%), ADF digestibilities improve 10.41% (55.70%), 9.59% (56.12%) and
21.37% (50.67%).
Combined Processing wheat straw group total energy digestibility is 68.43%, is significantly higher than dry wheat straw group and wet peanut seedling group (P<
0.05) 8.10% (63.30%), 8.24% (63.22%), has been respectively increased, with the not notable (P of diet Dry corn stalk group difference>
0.05)。
The above results show that fresh straw processing method of the invention can significantly improve straw crude protein content, reduction
Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content, increase milch goat feed feed intake, the output of milk and the digestion of daily ration organic substance
Rate, and be not in mildew and rot denaturalization phenomenon.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material, it is characterised in that described method includes the steps：
1) raw material pre-treatment：Fresh straw is carried out to crush hand hay cutter weakness reason；
2) by step 1) processing after stalk respectively by dry matter weight 2%~3% and 3.5%~4.5% add sodium acid carbonate
And urea, moisture content is adjusted to 30%~45%, is sufficiently mixed uniform；
3) after raw material is well mixed, progress wraps up in bag processing or raw material is fitted into Sealing Arrangement and is compacted, seals, Anaerobic Treatment 30 days
Or more, you can obtain satisfactory processing stalk.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described fresh straw is fresh after crop harvesting seed
Stalk.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described fresh straw be Wheat Straw, straw, corn stalk,
Any of beanstalk, peanut seedling and other stalks are several.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described stalk to be processed carries out mechanical crushing, cuts up with a hay cutter short rub
Stranding is handled.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described sodium acid carbonate addition is 2.5%.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the addition of described urea is 4%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710574657.2A CN107279502A (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | A kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710574657.2A CN107279502A (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | A kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material |
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| CN107279502A true CN107279502A (en) | 2017-10-24 |
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| CN201710574657.2A Pending CN107279502A (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2017-07-14 | A kind of fodder processing method of fresh crop material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108208339A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ensiling basal feed |
| CN112998138A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-06-22 | 河南农业大学 | Enzyme preparation for ensiling peanut vine and ensiling method |
Citations (4)
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| CN105166391A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-23 | 广西大学 | Low-moisture mixing straw compressed fodder for flocks and herds and preparation method thereof |
| CN105379945A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-09 | 王金山 | Straw reutilization technology |
| CN105746911A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Method for processing broad bean straws into feed |
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| CN105166391A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-23 | 广西大学 | Low-moisture mixing straw compressed fodder for flocks and herds and preparation method thereof |
| CN105746911A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Method for processing broad bean straws into feed |
| CN106819406A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | 寿县康瑄山羊养殖有限公司 | A kind of corn straw silage feed production method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108208339A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省田丰牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ensiling basal feed |
| CN112998138A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-06-22 | 河南农业大学 | Enzyme preparation for ensiling peanut vine and ensiling method |
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