CN107273943A - 金属齿检测和定位 - Google Patents

金属齿检测和定位 Download PDF

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CN107273943A
CN107273943A CN201710220273.0A CN201710220273A CN107273943A CN 107273943 A CN107273943 A CN 107273943A CN 201710220273 A CN201710220273 A CN 201710220273A CN 107273943 A CN107273943 A CN 107273943A
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tooth
duty machinery
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scraper bowl
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CN107273943B (zh
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利·米勒
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Joy Global Surface Mining Inc
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    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G08B1/00—Systems for signalling characterised solely by the form of transmission of the signal
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
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    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
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    • E02F9/267—Diagnosing or detecting failure of vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04Q—SELECTING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
    • H04Q2209/47—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture using RFID associated with sensors

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Abstract

本申请涉及金属齿检测和定位，具体地，一种系统，包括：重型机械齿；安装支架，所述安装支架将所述重型机械齿联接到重型机械的铲斗，所述安装支架与所述重型机械的铲斗分离并且具有能够附接到所述重型机械齿的第一端和能够附接到所述重型机械的铲斗的第二端；RFID标签，所述RFID标签被定位在所述安装支架和所述重型机械齿之间，所述RFID标签被联接到所述重型机械齿以当所述齿与所述铲斗分离时与所述重型机械齿一起移动；以及RFID读取器，所述RFID读取器构造成从所述RFID标签接收至少一个信号，并且基于从所述RFID标签接收的所述至少一个信号检测所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗的分离。

Description

金属齿检测和定位
本申请是申请日为2012年8月29日、进入中国国家阶段日为2014年2月28日、国家申请号为201280042694.4且发明名称为“金属齿检测和定位”的PCT发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及重型机械齿的检测和定位，更具体地，涉及使用射频识别(RFID)标签以确定何时金属齿不再位于重型机械的铲斗上。
背景技术
重型机械(例如，挖掘设备诸如拉铲挖掘机和铲车)在其铲斗设计中利用钢齿。基于下述几个原因使用所述齿：所述齿提供了当挖掘到泥土中时较小的表面积点，从而有助于破碎泥土，并且从而与铲斗自身的较大表面积相比需要更少的力。此外，所述齿提供可易于更换的磨损点，该可易于更换的磨损点防止铲斗自身磨损。然而，当齿磨损时，目前还没有方法在无需物理拆下所述齿的情况下测量磨损。
当所述齿磨损时，其通常会脱落。当前检测齿何时脱落的方法是昂贵的机器视觉系统，该机器视觉系统注视铲斗并且检测齿何时不见。实现所述系统是非常昂贵的，并且仅使操作员知道所述齿已经不见，而不知道所述齿在哪。一旦工作人员注意到齿不见，他们就拖走平均十货车的物料，希望定位和分离出掉落的齿。如果他们不能定位该齿，那么该齿可能最终到达破碎机中。此外，该齿可能被卡在破碎机中并从破碎机排出，从而可能损害其他设备。
发明内容
在一个实施例中，本发明提供了一种重型机械齿的检测方法。所述方法包括将RFID标签联接到重型机械齿，以及设置RFID读取器以读取RFID标签。RFID读取器提供重型机械齿被与重型机械分离的指示。
在其他实施例中，本发明提供了一种重型机械齿监控系统，该重型机械齿监控系统包括：重型机械齿，该重型机械齿构造成安装在重型机械的铲斗上；有源RFID标签，该有源RFID标签联接到所述齿；以及RFID读取器，该RFID读取器构造成从RFID标签读取数据。
通过考虑详细描述和附图，本发明的其他方面将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是示例性铲车的侧视图。
图2A和2B示出了示例性挖掘地点的操作。
图3是包括RFID标签的铲斗齿的构造的分解视图。
图4是图3的铲斗齿的另一视图。
图5是图3的铲斗齿的剖视图。
图6是包括RFID标签的铲斗齿的另一构造的平面图。
图7是包括RFID标签的铲斗齿的第三构造的多个视图。
图8是用于将RFID标签插入到图7的铲斗齿中的陶瓷塞的构造的平面图。
图9是磨损检测电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
在详细说明本发明的任何实施例之前，应当理解，本发明的应用不限于在以下描述中提出或在以下附图中示出的构造的细节和部件的布置。本发明能够具有其他实施例，并且能够以各种方式执行或实施。
在行业诸如采矿业和建筑业中使用重型机械以移动大量的泥土。一些重型机械(例如，电铲车)包括用于铲起泥土的铲斗。铲斗通常包括多个齿，以有助于敲碎泥土并且使得较容易地将泥土装到铲斗中。
图1示出了用于露天开采应用的示例性电铲车100。电铲车100包括移动基部105，该移动基部105被支撑在驱动履带110上。移动基部105支撑转盘115和机械平台120。转盘115允许机械平台120相对于基部105进行360°旋转。
吊杆125在130处以可枢转的方式连接到机械平台120。通过以张力缆线135为形式的支架或机架，保持吊杆125相对于平台向上且向外延伸，该张力缆线135被锚固到在刚性地安装在机械平台120上的撑杆结构(stay structure)145的后撑杆140。
挖斗或铲斗150包括多个齿152，并且该铲斗150通过柔性提升绳或缆线155而被从滑轮或槽轮160悬挂，提升绳被锚固到安装在机械平台120上的绞盘滚筒165。随着绞盘滚筒旋转，放出或拉入提升绳155，从而降低或升高挖斗150。吊杆滑轮160引导提升绳155中的张力以笔直向上地拉动铲车挖斗150，从而产生有效的挖掘力，以此来开挖物料堆。铲斗150具有臂或柄部170，该臂或柄部170刚性地附接到挖斗150，其中铲斗臂170被以可滑动的方式支撑在鞍座块175中，该鞍座块175在180处以可枢转的方式安装在吊杆125上。铲斗臂170具有形成在铲斗臂170上的齿条齿(未示出)，该齿条齿啮合安装在鞍座块175中的驱动小齿轮或推压大轴(未示出)。通过电动机和传动单元185驱动该驱动小齿轮，以实现铲斗臂170相对于鞍座块175的延伸或缩回。
铲车吊杆125在尺寸、形状和重量上是主结构部件。铲车吊杆125的主要目的是将吊杆滑轮160保持在有利位置中，用于有效地升起铲斗通过物料堆。吊杆125的另一个主要目的是将推压大轴安装在足够的高度处和在距铲车100的旋转中心线的向外半径处。推压大轴给铲车柄部提供动力以使挖斗150延伸和缩回。电铲车挖掘附接部分的这两个特征使得铲车独特地胜任于安全地到达和挖掘远离铲车的高物料堆形成。就这一点而言，铲车能够在不推进得较靠近物料堆的情况下一次达到很大体积的物料。
铲斗齿152以可移除的方式附接到铲斗150。这使得能够容易地更换损坏或磨损的齿152。然而，这导致齿152偶尔从铲斗150断裂或脱落。在一些情况下，齿152会从铲斗150断裂/脱落并且最终到达正被开采的泥土中(即在铲斗150中)。当铲斗150中的泥土堆积在卡车中时，齿152也进入卡车中。通常将卡车中的泥土带到破碎机以被破碎。当卡车倒空其容纳物到破碎机中时，齿152也进入破碎机中，从而齿152可能损坏破碎机，齿152从破碎机排出且损坏其他设备，或齿152在破碎机中被损坏。
图2A和2B示出了典型的挖掘操作。铲车100利用其铲斗150采掘泥土200，并且将泥土200倾卸到卡车205中。一旦卡车205装满，卡车205就将泥土200带到(例如，在挖掘地点或远离挖掘地点处的)另一个位置。在一些操作中，卡车205将泥土200带到破碎机210中。卡车205将泥土200堆积在输送带215上，输送带215将泥土200供给到将泥土200破碎成小部分220的破碎机210中。
本发明使用嵌入或附接到重型机械铲斗的金属齿152的有源RFID标签，以能够检测从铲斗150不见的齿152。
本发明使用位于结构(例如，出口门)上的RFID读取器225，卡车205在装满后经过该结构。RFID读取器225检查RFID标签是否在该结构的附近经过。如果检测到RFID标签，则能够触发警报从而使得能够搜查卡车205以确定检测到的RFID标签和相应的齿152是否处于卡车205的车厢中。如果包含RFID标签的齿152已经从铲斗150上断裂/脱落并位于卡车205中，那么可以在该齿152离开场地或被堆积在破碎机210中之前找到该齿152。优选地，RFID读取器225被足够远离铲斗150地布置，使得读取器225不检测在铲斗150上仍然位于适当位置处的齿152中的RFID标签。
此外，RFID读取器230可以设置在破碎机210的入口之前，以在齿152进入破碎机210之前检测齿152上的RFID标签(例如，读取器230可以设置在向破碎机210进给的输送带215上)。同样，如果读取器230检测到RFID标签，那么触发警报并且停止输送带215和/或破碎机210，从而使得能够在进入破碎机210之前定位齿152。
在齿152中的RFID标签可以包括识别齿152的信息。例如，RFID标签能够被写入数据，例如但不限于：序列号、产地、生产日期等。该存储的信息可以使得使用者能够快速地确定齿152来自哪里，以促使较快地修复铲斗150或送回齿152。
在一些实施例中，在重型机械100自身中包括RFID读取器235(参见图1)。读取器235读取位于机械100上的所有RFID标签，包括齿152上的标签。控制器或计算机接收来自读取器235的关于检测到的标签的信息。然后，控制器向使用者提供诊断信息。该信息可以包括何时安装了齿152、齿152已经操作了多少个小时等。此外，如果齿152断裂/脱落，则计算机向使用者警告这种情况，从而使得能够快速地找到或更换不见的齿152。
在一些实施例中，在RFID标签中包括附加电路，以确定齿的磨损量，从而能够在齿故障之前实现预防性维护。
在一些实施例中，当齿152安装到铲斗150时，RFID标签300是失谐的。当齿152从铲斗150断裂/脱落时，RFID标签300的信号强度增强。读取器235检测信号强度的增强，并且确定齿152已经从铲斗150断裂/脱落。
图3-5示出了重型机械铲斗齿152的视图。齿152包括装入陶瓷外壳305中的有源RFID标签300，然后陶瓷外壳305装入钢制品310中。在陶瓷外壳305中还可以包括分离的控制电路，以当运送或安装齿152时启动RFID标签300，从而节省电池电量且延长RFID标签300的寿命。具有RFID标签300和任何其他电路的陶瓷外壳305置于模具中，将液态钢浇注到该模具中以形成齿152。陶瓷外壳305保护RFID标签300免受液态钢的热。RFID标签300被失谐，使得齿152的钢制品将RFID300调谐到合适的频率，从而将齿152用作天线。在一些实施例中，一旦在齿152中启动了标签300，RFID标签300中的调谐电路就调谐标签300。
图6示出了重型机械铲斗齿152的结合了RFID标签300的另一构造。标签300安装到齿152的端部600。端部600插入到安装支架605中，并且齿152固定到安装支架605。在该构造中，RFID标签300利用安装支架605和齿152的金属，从而使用反向散射以增强RFID信号的强度。
图7示出了重型机械铲斗齿152的布置以接收RFID标签的构造。齿152包括孔700，该孔700钻入齿152的基部中。圆柱形RFID标签插入到孔700中。在一些构造中，在RFID标签上放置陶瓷盘，并且将孔700焊接封闭。
图8示出了用于插入图7的齿152中的陶瓷塞800的构造。陶瓷塞800封装RFID标签和齿磨损检测电路。四个探头805、810、815、820延伸出陶瓷塞800。当陶瓷塞800插入到齿152的孔700中时，探头805-820均接触齿152且因此电联接到齿152。磨损检测电路使用探头805、810、815、820以电测试齿152，并且确定齿152的磨损。磨损检测电路将与齿152的磨损有关的数据(例如，损失量、剩余使用寿命等)提供给RFID标签300。然后，RFID标签300将磨损信息(例如，经由有线或无线连接)传送到RFID读取器(例如，在铲车的驾驶室内的RFID读取器、到便携式RFID读取器等)。
图9示出了用于确定齿152的磨损的磨损检测电路900。电路900使用四点电阻法确定磨损。电源905产生施加到探头805和820两者的电流。通过电流换能器910检测流过探头805和820的电流。电路900的电压换能器915检测跨过另外两个探头810和815的电压。通过使用检测到的电流和电压，电路900的微控制器920确定齿152的电阻。电阻基于齿152的材料成分、齿152的介电常数和齿152的尺寸而变化。随着齿152磨损，齿152的电阻变化。因此，电阻的变化能够用于确定齿152上的磨损。在一些实施例中，在RFID标签300中记录初始电阻(即，当齿152是新的时)。此外，在一些实施例中，在RFID标签300中记录其他的电阻测量(例如，预先确定的电阻)。
在所附权利要求中阐述本发明的各个特征和优点。

Claims (18)

1.一种系统，包括：
重型机械齿；
安装支架，所述安装支架将所述重型机械齿联接到重型机械的铲斗，所述安装支架与所述重型机械的铲斗分离并且具有能够附接到所述重型机械齿的第一端和能够附接到所述重型机械的铲斗的第二端；
RFID标签，所述RFID标签被定位在所述安装支架和所述重型机械齿之间，所述RFID标签被联接到所述重型机械齿以当所述齿与所述铲斗分离时与所述重型机械齿一起移动；以及
RFID读取器，所述RFID读取器构造成从所述RFID标签接收至少一个信号，并且基于从所述RFID标签接收的所述至少一个信号检测所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗的分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签是有源标签。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号比所述第二信号强。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号与所述第二信号不同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时来自所述RFID标签的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时来自所述RFID标签的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号的强度与所述第二信号的强度相同。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签被安装到所述重型机械齿的端部，并且所述重型机械齿的所述端部被插入到所述安装支架中以将所述重型机械齿联接到所述铲斗。
7.一种系统，包括：
重型机械齿；和
RFID标签，所述RFID标签被定位在所述重型机械齿和安装支架之间，所述RFID标签被联接到所述重型机械齿以当所述齿与所述铲斗分离时与所述重型机械齿一起移动，所述安装支架与所述铲斗分离并且具有能够附接到所述重型机械齿的第一端和能够附接到所述重型机械的铲斗的第二端，
其中，利用RFID读取器对来自所述RFID标签的至少一个信号的检测指示所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗的分离。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签是有源标签。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号比所述第二信号强。
10.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号与所述第二信号不同。
11.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时来自所述RFID标签的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时来自所述RFID标签的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号的强度与所述第二信号的强度相同。
12.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签被安装到所述重型机械齿的端部，并且所述重型机械齿的所述端部被插入到所述安装支架中以将所述重型机械齿联接到所述铲斗。
13.一种系统，包括：
安装支架，所述安装支架将重型机械齿联接到重型机械的铲斗，所述安装支架与所述重型机械的铲斗分离并且具有能够附接到重型机械齿的第一端和能够附接到所述重型机械的铲斗的第二端；
RFID标签，所述RFID标签被定位在所述安装支架和所述重型机械齿之间，所述RFID标签被联接到所述重型机械齿以当所述齿与所述铲斗分离时与所述重型机械齿一起移动，
其中，利用RFID读取器对来自所述RFID标签的至少一个信号的检测指示所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗的分离。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签是有源标签。
15.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号比所述第二信号强。
16.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时利用所述RFID读取器从所述RFID标签接收的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号与所述第二信号不同。
17.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，所述至少一个信号包括当所述重型机械齿与所述铲斗分离时来自所述RFID标签的第一信号和当所述重型机械齿被联接到所述铲斗时来自所述RFID标签的第二信号，其中，所述第一信号的强度与所述第二信号的强度相同。
18.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，所述RFID标签被安装到所述重型机械齿的端部，并且所述重型机械齿的所述端部被插入到所述安装支架中以将所述重型机械齿联接到所述铲斗。
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