CN107260851B - 一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,该药物由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料组成,其特征在于所述的有效成份由下述重量份的原料药制成:柴胡8~12份,白芍12~18份,枳壳8~12份,甘草5~7份,白术12~18份,陈皮8~12份,肉苁蓉12~18份,黄芪12~18份,瓜蒌子12~18份,蒲公英8~12份,广升麻8~12份。本发明药物全方十一味药配合,共起疏肝健脾,补中益气,润肠通便的作用,且具有药材容易获得,价格适中的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用配制品,具体涉及含有菊科苍术属植物的未确定结构的药物制剂,该含药物制剂可治疗消化道或消化系统疾病。
背景技术
便秘是指粪便在肠内滞留过久,秘结不通,排便周期延长,或周期不长,但粪便干结,排便艰难或粪质不硬,虽有便意,但便而不畅的一种病症。便秘往往不被引起重视,而导致一些并发症。宿便堆积在肠道里,不断产生各种毒气、毒素,造成肠内环境恶化、肠胃功能紊乱、内分泌失调、新陈代谢紊乱、食欲及睡眠差、精神紧张。宿便还会压迫肠壁,使肠粘膜受伤,肠蠕动变慢,导致习惯性便秘和顽固性便秘,其产生的臭气导致口臭和臭屁,产生多种毒素被肠道反复吸收,通过血液循环到达人体的各个部位,导致或加重面色晦暗、皮肤粗糙、褐斑、痤疮、肥胖、高血压、心脏病等。
祖国传统医学一般将便秘分为实性便秘和虚性便秘。
实性便秘是指风寒痰热、食积气滞胃肠等所致的便秘,包括热秘和气秘之分。其治疗原则一般为清热润肠通便,顺气导滞。热秘型的症状表现为大便干结,腹部胀满,身热烦躁,口干口臭,小便黄等。辩证常以脾约麻子仁丸加减治疗。气秘型的症状表现为大便干结或不干结,欲便不能,排便不畅,每于情绪不好时便秘加重,伴有胸胁痞满,嗳气频作,腹胀不舒,纳谷不香。辩证常以六磨汤加减进行治疗。
虚性便秘为临床较常见的疾病,它以大便干燥,面色无华,心悸眩晕为主要表现,常伴有大便干结如羊粪状,形体消瘦、头晕耳鸣、心烦少眠、盗汗等症状。症状的发生可能与肠蠕动功能失调有关,也可与精神因素有关,患者可有下腹部痉挛性疼痛、下坠感等不适感觉。中医认为,虚性便秘是气、血、津、液、阴、阳等不足所致的便秘,属于慢性便秘。气虚则大肠失去传送能力,肠蠕动减缓;血虚则津枯不能滋润大肠,而致燥结。若病久,则肾阴、肾阳亏损,不能蒸化津液,湿润肠道,则肠道更加失润而干枯,均可导致排便困难。虚性便秘的治疗原则一般为益气养血,温通开结。
现代医学用于治疗便秘的药物较多,但多是对症治疗,常用的有导泻剂(容积性泻药、刺激性泻药、润滑性泻药)、肠动力促进剂等,能短期缓解排便习惯,改善症状,但远期疗效不理想且不良反应较多,不宜长期使用。
传统中医药在整体观和辩证论治思想指导下,治病求因,标本兼顾,对慢性功能性疾病治疗优势明显,特别是现代医学难治性的虚性便秘,中药方剂能针对病因和发病机制(肝郁脾虚气滞),发挥疏肝健脾,补中益气、润肠通便功效。
国知局授权公告了“一种治疗便秘的中药组合物”的发明专利(公开号为:CN103830477A)该中药组合物由当归、党参、首乌、火麻仁、白术、大腹皮、枳壳、女贞子、肉苁蓉、黄芪、陈皮、锁阳、厚朴、白芍、甘草共15种中药组成。上述中药组合物临床上有效,但侧重于补肾活血、润肠通便,疏肝解郁功效不明显,对慢性便秘特别是虚性便秘疗效并不理想,且配伍药味较多,不利于开发推广。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,该中药组合物疏肝健脾,补中益气,润肠通便,改善虚性便秘症状的效果显著。
本发明解决上述问题的方案如下。
一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,该中药组合物由有效成分和药学上可接受的辅料组成,其中所述的有效成分由下述重量比例配比的原料药制成:
柴胡8~12份,白芍12~18份,枳壳8~12份,甘草5~7份,白术12~18份,陈皮8~12份,肉苁蓉12~18份,黄芪12~18份,瓜蒌子12~18份,蒲公英8~12份,广升麻8~12份。
上述中药组合物中所述原料药的最佳重量比例配比是:
柴胡10份,白芍15份,枳壳10份,甘草6份,白术15份,陈皮10份,肉苁蓉15份,黄芪15份,瓜蒌子15份,蒲公英10份,广升麻10份。
更进一步地,上述的中药组合物的有效成分由枳壳、陈皮、柴胡及白术四味的挥发油和所述原料药的水溶性成分组成,其中,
(1)所述的挥发油由下述方法制得:取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加6~10倍量水,蒸馏提取4~6小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(2)所述的水溶性成分由下述方法得到:将所述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加6~10倍量水提取3次,每次1~3小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至60℃测相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏。
上述有效成分加入药学上可接受的辅料按常规的方法可制成各种固体口服制剂,如颗粒剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
本发明中药组合物具有疏肝健脾,补中益气,润肠通便的作用。
本发明人经过多年的临床实践和试验研究认为虚性便秘的证候表现虽以脾胃为主,但与肝的关系密切。肝郁是本病的一个诱因,脾虚气弱是本病的一个基本病理过程,肝郁脾虚气滞是虚性便秘发病的一个重要病理机制。肝与情绪恼怒变化关系最为密切,因肝为将军之官,不受遏郁,主疏泄气机,易为情志所伤,而肝木有病则气机拂郁,脾运化受制。可见,虚性便秘是因肝郁日久伤脾,加之素体脾气虚弱,中气不足,推动无力,气虚而滞导致大肠传导功能失常。因此,本方以白术、白芍疏肝健脾共为君药,黄芪、柴胡、广升麻、枳壳补脾益气、柔肝止痛共为臣药,佐以肉苁蓉、瓜蒌子润肠通便,使以陈皮、甘草、蒲公英理气清热降浊,共奏疏肝健脾,补中益气、润肠通便之功效。
本发明中药组合物所用药材均为常见药材,价格适中,材料易得,且制备工艺简单,适于产业化生产。
下面将通过动物实验来证明本发明所具有的技术效果。
一、小鼠药效实验(对阿托品所致小鼠小肠推进抑制的影响)
1实验材料
1.1实验组的受试药品
实验组1为下述按实施例1的颗粒剂;实验组2为下述按实施例2的片剂;实验组3为下述按实施例3的胶囊剂;实验组4为下述按实施例4的颗粒剂;实验组5为下述按实施例5的颗粒剂。
1.2对照组的受试药品
对照组1为枸橼酸莫沙比利分散片,消化道促动力剂,主要用于功能性消化不良、慢性胃炎伴有烧心、嗳气、恶心、呕吐、早饱、上腹胀、上腹痛等消化道症状者。成都康弘药业集团有限公司,国药准字H20031110,口服,一次5mg(一片),一日3次,批号151012。
对照组2为麻仁软胶囊,功能主治:润肠通便。用于肠燥便秘。天津市中央药业有限公司,国药准字Z10940031,口服,平时一次1~2粒,一日1次,急用时一次2粒,一日3次,0.6g/粒,批号:150609。
对照组3是公开号为CN103830477A专利申请的实施例5水煎液。
1.3试剂
硫酸阿托品注射液,天津金耀药业有限公司,批号:1501051;医用活性炭、阿拉伯胶,河南中泰食化添加剂有限公司,批号:141018023。
1.4仪器
JJ3000动物电子秤,G&G公司产品;直尺等。
1.5动物
SPF级NIH小鼠,雌雄各半,18~22g,由广东省医学实验动物中心提供,实验动物生产许可证号SCXK(粤)2013-0002,实验动物质量合格证号№440072000325889。动物实验环境:广东省第二中医院SPF级动物实验室,设施使用许可证号SYXK(粤)2015-0059。
2实验方法
2.1动物分组
取SPF级NIH小鼠100只,雌雄各半,体重18~22g。所有小鼠常规饲养3天后,随机分为正常组、模型组、对照组1~3和实验组1~5,共10组,每组10只。
2.2给药方法
按小鼠的体重,对照组1的给药剂量为1.95mg/kg,对照组2的给药剂量为0.312g/kg,对照组3的给药剂量为相当于20.41g生药/kg,实验组1~5的给药剂量均为相当于17.03g生药/kg。各给药组按剂量灌胃给药,给药体积为20mL/kg,正常组、模型组给予等量蒸馏水,每日1次,连续7d。
2.3测定方法
于第7天给药(禁食不禁水12h后)1h后,除正常对照组外其余各组小鼠按2mg/kg腹腔注射硫酸阿托品,20min后,各组小鼠灌胃20ml/kg活性炭阿拉伯胶混悬液(含5%活性炭+4%阿拉伯胶),30min后脱颈椎处死小鼠,解剖,将上自幽门下自回盲部的小肠取出,平放在吸水纸上,轻轻将小肠拉直,测量肠管长度为小肠总长度,从幽门自碳末前沿为碳末推进长度,计算碳末推进率。
碳末推进率=碳末在小肠中的推进距离/小肠全长×100%。
2.4实验统计方法
所有计量资料以均数加减标准差表示。多组间均数的比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),组间均数两两比较,方差齐时采用SNK法;方差不齐时采用Dunnett’s T3法。由SPSS22.0软件完成。
3实验结果
结果如表1所示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠小肠推进率显著减小(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,对照组1、对照组2、对照组3、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4、实验组5小鼠小肠推进率明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。且在实验组给药剂量略低的情况下,与对照组3相比,实验组1~5小鼠小肠推进率明显升高。
注:##示与正常对照组比较P<0.01,*示与模型组比较P<0.05,**示与模型组比较P<0.01,△示与对照组3比较P<0.05。
4结论
本实验结果显示,本发明所述药物提高胃肠道动力的效果显著优于公开号为CN103830477A的发明专利申请所述治疗便秘的中药组合物。
二、大鼠药效实验
1实验材料
1.1实验组的受试药品
实验组1为下述按实施例1的颗粒剂;实验组2为下述按实施例2的片剂;实验组3为下述按实施例3的胶囊剂;实验组4为下述按实施例4的颗粒剂;实验组5为下述按实施例5的颗粒剂。
1.2对照组的受试药品
对照组1为枸橼酸莫沙比利分散片,消化道促动力剂,主要用于功能性消化不良、慢性胃炎伴有烧心、嗳气、恶心、呕吐、早饱、上腹胀、上腹痛等消化道症状者。成都康弘药业集团有限公司,国药准字H20031110,口服,一次5mg(一片),一日3次,批号151012。
对照组2为麻仁软胶囊,功能主治:润肠通便。用于肠燥便秘。天津市中央药业有限公司,国药准字Z10940031,口服,平时一次1~2粒,一日1次,急用时一次2粒,一日3次,0.6g/粒,批号:150609。
对照组3是公开号为CN103830477A专利申请的实施例5水煎液。
1.3试剂
液体石蜡;D-木糖,Sigma公司,批号:SigmaX1500;D-木糖试剂盒,上海哈灵生物科技有限公司,批号:201606。
1.4仪器
JJ3000动物电子秤,G&G公司产品;电子天平;自制直肠测压计等。
1.5动物
SPF级SD乳鼠,雌雄各半,由广东省医学实验动物中心提供,实验动物生产许可证号SCXK(粤)2013-0002,实验动物质量合格证号№44002100010006。动物实验环境:广东省第二中医院SPF级动物实验室,设施使用许可证号SYXK(粤)2015-0059。
2实验方法
2.1动物分组
取SPF级SD乳鼠100只,雌雄各半,所有乳鼠常规饲养3天后,按性别、体重分层,随机分为正常组、模型组、枸橼酸莫沙比利组、麻仁软胶囊组、中药对照组、本发明药物实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5,共10组,每组10只。
2.2给药方法
按SD大鼠的体重,对照组1的给药剂量为1.35mg/kg,对照组2的给药剂量为0.216g/kg,对照组3的给药剂量为相当于14.13g生药/kg,实验组1~5的给药剂量均为相当于11.79g生药/kg。造模7天后,各给药组按剂量灌胃给药,给药体积为10mL/kg,正常组、模型组给予等量蒸馏水,每日1次,连续7天。
2.3造模方法
初生SD乳鼠,雌雄分笼,常规饲养7天,第21天断奶。除正常对照组外,其他各组造模方法如下:于第8天开始,每天将乳鼠与母鼠分离,单笼饲养3h后再与母鼠同笼饲养,共14天。第22~28天采取隔日进食,不限制饮水,加每日游泳2次(每次15分钟)的方法,连续造模7天。第29~35天采取隔日进食,限制饮水量为日常饮水量(以第22~28天饮水量计)的1/3,每日分两次给水,第一次给1/3,第二次给2/3,间隔12h,继续造模7天。
2.4测定方法
2.4.1粪便粒数、含水量的测定
搜集末次给药前1天大鼠4h内的粪便,称湿重,用烘箱75℃烘干4h,再称干重,用公式:(湿重-干重)/湿重×100%,计算出粪便含水量。
2.4.2肠道敏感性测定
参照腹部回缩反射(abdominal withdrawal reflex,AWR)评分标准,采用自制直肠测压计,于造模结束后进行内脏敏感性评价。实验前各组大鼠禁食不禁水24h,在清醒状态下将涂有石蜡油的带气囊的8F导尿管插入肛门约6cm,并将导尿管固定在大鼠尾根部,防止其滑动脱落。然后将大鼠放在自制的透明玻璃笼内,使其只能前后活动,不能转身。10min后用注射器慢慢向气囊内充气,观察大鼠腹壁对肠腔球囊扩张的反应。以AWR评分为3分时的压力阈值(mmHg)作为大鼠内脏的疼痛阈值。为避免误差和主观偏倚,每只大鼠进行3次球囊扩张,每次持续20s,间隔5min,取平均压力值;整个实验过程由2人操作完成,实验操作者负责球囊插入及记录实验动物编号和分组情况,实验观察员负责球囊注气并观察大鼠的行为学反应,确定并记录大鼠AWR评分为3分时的压力值,且实验观察员不知道动物编号和分组情况;此外,为避免生物节律的影响,AWR评分均在下午1:00~5:00之间进行。
2.4.3血清中D-木糖的含量
末次给药前各组大鼠均禁食不禁水24h,末次给药后1h,各组大鼠均灌服5%D-木糖溶液10m L·kg-1,1h后取血,2000rpm离心10min,分离制备血清,按照D-木糖测定试剂盒说明书测定各组大鼠血清木糖含量。
2.5实验统计方法
所有计量资料以均数加减标准差表示。多组间均数的比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),组间均数两两比较,方差齐时采用SNK法;方差不齐时采用Dunnett’s T3法。由SPSS22.0软件完成。
3实验结果
注:##示与正常对照组比较P<0.01,*示与模型对照组比较P<0.05,**示与模型对照组比较P<0.01,△示与对照组3比较P<0.05。
表2结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠粪便含水量显著减小(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,对照组1、对照组2、对照组3、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4、实验组5大鼠粪便含水量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。且在实验组给药剂量略低的情况下,与对照组3相比,实验组1~5大鼠粪便含水量明显升高。
注:##示与正常对照组比较P<0.01,*示与模型对照组比较P<0.05,**示与模型对照组比较P<0.01。
表3结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肠道敏感性显著增强(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,对照组1、对照组2、对照组3大鼠肠道敏感性明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,实验组1~5大鼠肠道敏感性明显降低(P<0.01)。
注:##示与正常对照组比较P<0.01,*示与模型对照组比较P<0.05,**示与模型对照组比较P<0.01,△△示与对照组3比较P<0.01。
表4结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清木糖含量显著减少(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,对照组1、对照组2、对照组3、实验组1~5大鼠血清木糖含量明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。且在实验组给药剂量略低的情况下,与对照组3相比,实验组1~5大鼠血清木糖含量明显降低。
4结论
综上所述,本实验结果显示,本发明所述药物治疗虚性便秘的效果显著优于公开号为CN103830477A的发明专利申请所述治疗便秘的中药组合物。
具体实施方式
实施例1(颗粒剂)
1、处方:
柴胡10g,白芍15g,枳壳10g,甘草6g,白术15g,陈皮10g,肉苁蓉15g,黄芪15g,瓜蒌子15g,蒲公英10g,广升麻10g。
2、制备方法:
(1)将瓜蒌子粉碎成粗粉备用;
(2)取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加10倍量水,蒸馏提取6小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(3)将上述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子(粗粉)、蒲公英和广升麻共同加水提取3次,第一次加水8倍量,第二、三次加水6倍量,每次2小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏,在60℃~75℃下进行真空干燥,粉碎,加入药用糊精,搅拌混合均匀进行湿法制粒,加入挥发油,使用药用复合膜或袋(PET/AL/CPE),热合密封成8g/袋的颗粒剂。
3、服用方法:每次2袋,每日3次,温开水冲服。
实施例2(片剂)
1、处方:
柴胡9g,白芍14g,枳壳9g,甘草6g,白术14g,陈皮9g,肉苁蓉16g,黄芪16g,瓜蒌子16g,蒲公英11g,广升麻11g。
2、制备方法
(1)将瓜蒌子粉碎成粗粉备用;
(2)取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加10倍量水,蒸馏提取5小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(3)将上述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加8倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏,在60℃~75℃下进行真空干燥,粉碎,加入药用糊精,混匀,加入挥发油,制粒,压制成片制成。
3、服用方法:每次3片,每日3次,温开水送服。
实施例3(胶囊剂)
1、处方:
柴胡11g,白芍15g,枳壳11g,甘草5g,白术16g,陈皮8g,肉苁蓉12g,黄芪12g,瓜蒌子17g,蒲公英12g,广升麻12g。
2、制备方法:
(1)将瓜蒌子粉碎成粗粉备用;
(2)取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加10倍量水,蒸馏提取5小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(3)将上述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加8倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏,在60℃~75℃下进行真空干燥,粉碎,加入药用糊精,混匀,制粒,加入挥发油,装入胶囊。
3、服用方法:每次3粒,每日3次,温开水送服。
实施例4(颗粒剂)
1、处方:
柴胡9g,白芍14g,枳壳11g,甘草7g,白术15g,陈皮9g,肉苁蓉12g,黄芪18g,瓜蒌子13g,蒲公英12g,广升麻11g。
2、制备方法:
(1)将瓜蒌子粉碎成粗粉备用;
(2)取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加6倍量水,蒸馏提取4小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(3)将上述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加6倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏,在60℃~75℃下进行真空干燥,粉碎,加入药用糊精,搅拌混合均匀进行湿法制粒,加入挥发油,使用药用复合膜或袋(PET/AL/CPE),热合密封成8g/袋的颗粒剂。
3、服用方法:每次2袋,每日3次,温开水冲服。
实施例5(颗粒剂)
1、处方:
柴胡12g,白芍18g,枳壳12g,甘草7g,白术12g,陈皮8g,肉苁蓉13g,黄芪18g,瓜蒌子13g,蒲公英8g,广升麻10g。
2、制备方法:
(1)将瓜蒌子粉碎成粗粉备用;
(2)取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加10倍量水,蒸馏提取6小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器和药渣另器保存;
(3)将上述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加10倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,减压浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏,在60℃~75℃下进行真空干燥,粉碎,加入药用糊精,搅拌混合均匀进行湿法制粒,加入挥发油,使用药用复合膜或袋(PET/AL/CPE),热合密封成8g/袋的颗粒剂。
3、服用方法:每次2袋,每日3次,温开水冲服。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,该中药组合物由有效成分和药学上可接受的辅料组成,其中所述的有效成分由下述重量比例配比的原料药制成:柴胡10份,白芍15份,枳壳10份,甘草6份,白术15份,陈皮10份,肉苁蓉15份,黄芪15份,瓜蒌子15份,蒲公英10份,广升麻10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,其特征在于所述的有效成分由枳壳、陈皮、柴胡及白术四味的挥发油和所述原料药的水溶性成分组成,其中,
(1)所述的挥发油由以下述方法制得:取枳壳、陈皮、柴胡和白术加6~10倍量水,蒸馏提取4~6小时,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液和药渣另器保存;
(2)所述的水溶性成分由以下方法得到:将所述蒸馏后的药渣与白芍、甘草、肉苁蓉、黄芪、瓜蒌子、蒲公英和广升麻共同加6~10倍量水提取3次,每次1~3小时,过滤,合并滤液;然后,将滤液与所述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至60℃测相对密度为1.25~1.30的浸膏。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种治疗虚性便秘的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物为颗粒剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
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