CN1072590C - 可堆叠托盘 - Google Patents

可堆叠托盘 Download PDF

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CN1072590C
CN1072590C CN97199013A CN97199013A CN1072590C CN 1072590 C CN1072590 C CN 1072590C CN 97199013 A CN97199013 A CN 97199013A CN 97199013 A CN97199013 A CN 97199013A CN 1072590 C CN1072590 C CN 1072590C
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substrate element
grip member
pallet
described substrate
downwards
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CN1234005A (zh
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小詹姆斯·F·布伦南
马丁·克莱夫-史密斯
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JAMES F BRANNAN JR
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JAMES F BRANNAN JR
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    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0033—Lifting means forming part of the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Stacking Of Articles And Auxiliary Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

一种可堆叠托盘包括一个具有两个相对端和两个相对侧部的矩形平基板部件。一个由两个侧边缘和一个横向边缘所限定的凹口延伸在基板部件的一个端部中。一对光滑弯曲部件从基板部件的另一端向下伸展。一对间隔开的细长梁在两个端部之间从基板部件向下伸展。一个把手部件可转动地固定到在凹口的侧边缘之间的基板部件上。把手部件可以从其折叠在基板部件上部的非工作状态转动到其从基板部件向上伸展的工作状态。

Description

可堆叠托盘
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可堆叠托盘，尤其涉及用于放入一个货运集装箱的开口端、并且在不使用时可以紧凑地堆叠在一个相邻托盘的上部的这样一种托盘。
现有技术
为了运输大量封装好的货物，通常首先将货物放置在一个物品支承装卸台或托盘的上部，物品支承装卸台或托盘包括一个大体上是平的支承表面。这种托盘要求符合世界标准组织颁布的I.S.O.标准。美国专利4,834,000显示了这种托盘的一个实例。一旦托盘装上了货物，它被拉入或推入一个货运集装箱中以便由卡车、轮船、火车或飞机运输。这种托盘一般是相当地大并可用于支承数吨负载。因此，专用的装载工具，例如PLS(托盘装卸系统)运货车用来将装货的托盘拉入或推入货运工具或集装箱的装货区。
现有的物品支承装卸台经常包括一对相对的端壁。美国专利4,099,640、4,162,737、4,355,732、4,638,744、4,911,318、4,964,349、5,275,301、5,398,832和5,494,182公开了这些装卸台的实例。在将货物从装卸台上卸下后，希望物品支承装卸台的端壁以折叠状态放置，以使若干装卸台可以堆叠在另一装卸台的上部。装卸台的堆叠对于方便地储存和运输装卸台是十分重要的。为了使上述的这种装卸台以折叠状态放置，端壁一般是向内地折叠以使它们依靠在装卸台的平的支承表面上部。因此，当一个类似折叠的装卸台堆叠在一个相邻折叠装卸台的上部时，较下部的装卸台端壁常常妨碍放置在其它装卸台上部的较上部的装卸台合适地对齐。
当若干平的装卸台一个堆叠在另一个上部时，无论它们是否有端壁，另一个典型的问题是，它们不能很容易地一个固定在另一个上。这使得堆叠的装卸台的运输非常困难。
此外，包含若干装卸台的一堆装卸台十分重并且不易运输。但是，装卸台堆一般不包括用于使现有PLS运货车容易地与装卸台堆接合以使它被拉或推至所需位置的装置。
本发明的概述
本发明被设计以用于克服上述讨论的现有技术的缺陷。本发明的一个目的是提供一种托盘，该托盘在不使用时可以有效地堆叠在相邻托盘的上部。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种托盘，该托盘包括一个把手部件，把手部件可转动地安装在托盘的一个端部以便于由现有PLS运货车运输托盘。
本发明的再另一个目的是提供一种托盘，该托盘符合世界标准组织颁布的I.S.O.标准。
根据本发明的说明性的实施例、示范性的特征和优点，本发明提供了一种可堆叠托盘，它包括一个矩形平基板部件。基板部件有两个相对端部和两个相对侧部。一个凹口延伸在基板部件的一个端部中，该凹口由两个侧边缘和一个横向边缘限定。一对平滑弯曲部件从基板部件的相对端部向下伸展。一对间隔开的细长梁在基板部件的端部之间从基板部件向下伸展。一个把手部件可转动地固定到在凹口的侧边缘之间的基板部件上。把手部件可以从一个存放位置转动到一个工作位置。在存放位置，把手部件折叠在基板部件上部；在工作位置，把手部件从基板部件向上伸展。把手部件的形状和大小作成可以使它放置在位于正上方的托盘的细长梁之间，以使它不妨碍若干托盘一个堆叠在另一个上部。
通过以下结合附图对优选实施例详细描述，本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将更加明显。
附图简述
为了说明本发明，附图中显示了本发明的一种优选形式。应理解的是：本发明不应局限于图中所显示的设置和机构。
图1是根据本发明的原理制造的一种可堆叠托盘的立体图；
图2是本发明的部分立体图，显示把手部件处于直立状态；
图3是沿图1中线3-3的端视图；
图4是沿图1中线4-4所截取的断面图；
图5是沿图1中线5-5所截取的断面图；
图6是沿图1中线6-6的端视图；
图7是沿图6中线7-7所截取的断面图；
图8是显示一个堆叠在另一个上部的两个托盘的端视图；
图9是一个立体图，显示一个已装货的托盘正被放入一个货运集装箱中；以及
图10是一个立体图，显示一叠托盘正被放入一个货运集装箱中。
本发明最佳实施方式
详细参考附图，其中在不同的图中使用相似的标号以表示相似的部件。图1显示了根据本发明的原理制造的一种可堆叠托盘并总的用10表示。
可堆叠托盘10包括一个矩形平基板部件12。该基板部件具有一个第一端14、一个第二端16以及两个相对的侧部18和20。一个凹口22延伸在基板部件12的第一端14中。该凹口22由两个侧边缘24和26以及一个横向边缘28限定。基板部件12最好是大约585cm长、230cm宽和12.5cm高。
光滑弯曲块30和32式的滑动垫从靠近基板部件12第二端16的基板部件12的底部向下伸展(图6)。每个滑动垫分别靠近基板部件12的侧部18和20之一定位。如下详细所述，当基板部件12的第一端14被一个现有的PLS运货车抬起并被运送穿过一个诸如货运集装箱底板的平面时，弯曲块或滑动垫有助于托盘的滑动。尽管本发明优选使用了滑动垫，但显然是，更多的现有滚轮装置也能被使用以代替滑动垫。滑动垫或滚轮的目的是为了在托盘由PLS运货车移动时减小托盘10的第二端16和集装箱底板或其它支承表面之间的摩擦力。
一对细长的钢梁或撑杆36和38从基板部件的底部向下在其第一和第二端之间伸展(图4和图5)。细长钢梁在基板部件纵向中心线任一侧等距离地间隔开并且最好设置成相互间隔约900mm。基板部件12支承在细长钢梁36和38上。每个钢梁位于基板部件12的第二端16附近的端部最好是曲线形的，以便当第一端14由一个PLS运货车举起并且托盘的重量集中在弯曲块30和32上时，钢梁不接触地面并且不妨碍托盘的运输。
在优选实施例中，每个细长钢梁在其上分别有两个开口40,42和44,46。钢梁36上的开口40最好与钢梁38的开口44对齐，而开口42最好与开口46对齐。开口的这种对齐使得托盘易于被一个铲车举起。具体地说，铲车的每个叉穿过对齐的开口以使铲车举起托盘。
在优选实施例中，设置了两个支脚48和49，每个支脚从靠近托盘第一端14的基板部件12的侧部18和20中的一个向下延伸(图1)。弯曲块30,32、支脚48,49和细长钢梁36,38从基板部件向下伸展一个相等的距离以便将基板部件12足以支承在一个支承平面上。
如下更详细所述，一个把手部件50靠近基板部件12的第一端14安装。把手部件50包括一对会聚臂52和54。臂的会聚端由一个弯曲连接部分56连接。
托架支座58和60安装到靠近凹口22的每个侧边缘24和26的基板部件12上。设置了一对L形的托架62和64，每个托架通过一个枢轴销(未示出)可转动地安装成与托架支座中的一个对应。把手部件50的每个自由端固定到L形托架部件中相对应的一个上。L形托架使把手部件可以从一个非工作的折叠位置移动到一个工作直立位置。在非工作折叠位置，所述把手部件折叠在基板部件12的上部(图1)；在工作直立位置，把手部件50从基板部件12向上伸展(图2)。应注意的是，细长钢梁从基板部件底部向下伸展的距离大于把手部件的厚度，以便如下更详细所述的使托盘紧凑地堆叠在另一个托盘上部。
如果必要的话，可以设置锁紧装置，用于可松开地将把手部件50锁定在直立位置。锁紧装置可以是与托架64中的开口相配合的可滑动螺栓70或类似装置的形式。
两个间隔开的铁环78和80可转动地安装到基板部件12的第二端16上。铁环可以从一个直立状态移动到一个折叠状态。在直立状态，铁环从基板部件向上伸展；在折叠状态，铁环从基板部件向下伸展(图6)。一个销钉84从弯曲支承部件30向外伸出，并且一个销钉86从弯曲支承部件32向外伸出。当铁环78处于折叠状态时，销钉84穿过铁环78。类似地，当铁环80处于折叠状态时，销钉86穿过铁环80。
两个辅助铁环(未示出)靠近基板部件12的第一端14安装。这些铁环使得托盘可以由一个起重机或其它提升装置吊起。具体地说，若干绳索的一端可固定到每个铁环上。每个绳索的另一端可固定到提升装置上以使托盘被吊起并易于运输。
为了有助于理解上述装置的原理，将对其操作进行简要描述。在使用时，托盘10的把手部件50位于直立位置(图2)。随后物品被装载在托盘上部。物品最好盖住托盘并捆扎在托盘上。此后，弯曲连接部分56由一个抓手部件100抓住，抓手部件100安装到现有技术中已知的常规PLS运货车上(图9)。托盘10的第一端14由PLS运货车举起以使托盘10的重量集中在弯曲块30和32上。PLS运货车以现有方式将托盘10拉到该运货车的支承表面并后退，以便如图9所示将其放置在货运集装箱的开口端102。随后，PLS运货车降低托盘直到光滑弯曲块30和32放置在货运集装箱的底板上。当托盘被移入集装箱时，弯曲块30和32滑过集装箱的底板直到托盘被适当地放置在集装箱中。显然，通过反向进行上述过程可以将托盘从货运集装箱中移出。
一般地，大量托盘被用于将货物运送到集装相中或从集装箱中运出。在托盘不使用时，需要将它们一个堆叠在另一个上部以使它们不占据所需的底板空间。托盘最好是按如下方式堆叠。托盘10’之一的把手部件50’位于非工作或折叠位置。随后铲车的叉插入托盘10’的任一细长钢梁的两个铲车开口中。然后铲车举起托盘并将该托盘放置在另一个托盘10的上部(图8)。下部托盘的把手放入在细长钢梁之间，细长钢梁如图8所示从上部托盘向下伸展。上部托盘10’的细长钢梁放置在下部托盘10的上表面。
相邻托盘10和10’按如下方式锁在一起。在托盘10之一的第二端上的铁环78和80位于直立状态，以使从托盘10’的弯曲块伸出的每个销钉穿过下部托盘10上的铁环78和80中相对应的一个。相邻托盘的第一端14和14’也可通过滑动螺栓或类似部件固定在一起。这个过程可以重复进行，直到获得一个包含所需数量的托盘的托盘堆104(图10)。
如果需要运输一叠托盘(如将它们运回到发货人)，在托盘堆104中的最下部或最后的托盘10的把手部件50最好如图10所示锁定在直立位置。把手部件50向上伸展穿过倒数第二个托盘10”、倒数第三个托盘10”’等中的凹口22。把手部件50保持在直立位置为PLS运货车的抓手装置100提供了一个装置，以使它抓住托盘10的把手部件并且拉动或推动整个托盘堆到所需的位置。
在不脱离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，可以其它具体形式实施本发明。因而，本发明的范围的确定应是参照所附的权利要求而不是上述的说明书。

Claims (17)

1、一种可堆叠托盘包括：
一个矩形平基板部件，它有一个第一端、一个第二端以及两个相对侧部；
摩擦力减小装置，它靠近所述基板部件的第二端从所述基板部件向下伸展；
一对间隔开的细长梁，它在所述基板部件的第一和第二端之间从所述基板部件向下伸展，所述基板部件支承在所述细长梁上；以及
一个把手部件，它可转动地安装在所述基板部件上，靠近所述第一端，所述把手部件可以从一个非工作位置转到一个工作装置，在非工作位置，所述把手部件折叠在所述基板部件上部，在工作位置，所述把手部件从所述基板部件向上伸展，所述把手部件的宽度小于所述梁之间的距离，从而在所述把手部件处于非工作位置时，它能放在堆叠在其上的类似结构的托盘的梁之间。
2、如权利要求1所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述摩擦力减小装置包括一对光滑弯曲块，每个所述光滑弯曲块靠近所述基板部件的所述侧部之一设置。
3、如权利要求1所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征还在于，所述基板部件有一个延伸在所述基板部件的所述第一端中的凹口，所述凹口由两个侧边缘和一个横向边缘限定，并且所述把手部件可转动地固定到所述侧边缘上。
4、如权利要求3所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述把手部件包括一对会聚臂，每个所述会聚臂可转动地固定到所述基板部件上，靠近所述凹口的所述侧边缘之一，该对会聚臂通过一个连接部分连接在一起。
5、如权利要求1所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，每个所述梁包括至少两个位于其上的间隔开的开口。
6、如权利要求1所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述把手部件具有一个预定的厚度，所述细长梁从所述基板部件向下伸展一个距离，该距离至少与所述把手部件的厚度一样大。
7、如权利要求1所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，它还包括锁紧装置，用于将所述把手部件可松开地锁定在所述工作位置。
8、如权利要求6所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，它还包括一对支脚，每个所述支脚从靠近所述基板部件的第一端的所述基板部件的所述侧部之一向下伸展，所述支脚和所述装置从所述基板部件向下伸展的一个距离等于所述梁从所述基板部件向下伸展的距离。
9、一种可堆叠托盘包括：
一个矩形平基板部件，它有一个第一端、一个第二端以及两个相对侧部，所述基板部件还有一个延伸在所述基板部件的所述第一端中的凹口，所述凹口由两个侧边缘和一个横向边缘限定；
摩擦力减小装置，它靠近所述基板部件的第二端从所述基板部件向下伸展；
一对间隔开的细长梁，它在所述基板部件的第一和第二端之间从所述基板部件向下伸展，所述基板部件支承在所述细长梁上；以及
一个把手部件，它可转动地安装在所述基板部件上，靠近所述凹口的所述侧边缘，所述把手部件可以从一个非工作位置转到一个工作位置，在非工作位置，所述把手部件折叠在所述基板部件上部，在工作位置，所述把手部件从所述基板部件向上伸展，所述把手部件的宽度小于所述梁之间的距离，从而在所述把手部件处于非工作位置时，它能放在堆叠在其上的类似结构的托盘的梁之间。
10、如权利要求9所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述摩擦力减小装置包括一对光滑弯曲块，每个所述光滑弯曲块靠近所述基板部件的所述侧部之一设置。
11、如权利要求9所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述把手部件包括一对会聚臂，每个所述会聚臂可转动地固定到所述基板部件上，靠近所述凹口的所述侧边缘之一，所述的该对会聚臂通过一个连接部分连接在一起。
12、如权利要求9所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，每个所述梁包括至少两个位于其上的间隔开的开口。
13、如权利要求9所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，所述把手部件具有一个预定的厚度，所述细长梁从所述基板部件向下伸展一个距离，该距离至少与所述把手部件的厚度一样大。
14、如权利要求9所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，它还包括锁紧装置，用于将所述把手部件可松开地锁定在所述工作位置。
15、如权利要求13所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，它还包括一对支脚，每个所述支脚从靠近所述基板部件的第一端的所述基板部件的所述侧部之一向下伸展，所述支脚和所述装置从所述基板部件向下伸展的一个距离等于所述梁从所述基板部件向下伸展的距离。
16、一种可堆叠托盘系统包括：
若干个托盘，所述托盘中的每个包括：
一个矩形平基板部件，它有一个第一端、一个第二端以及两个相对侧部，所述基板部件还有一个延伸在所述基板部件的所述第一端中的凹口，所述凹口由两个侧边缘和一个横向边缘限定；
摩擦力减小装置，它靠近所述基板部件的第二端从所述基板部件向下伸展；
一对间隔开的细长梁，它在所述基板部件的第一和第二端之间从所述基板部件向下伸展，所述基板部件支承在所述细长梁上；以及
一个把手部件，它可转动地安装在所述基板部件上，靠近所述凹口的所述侧边缘，所述把手部件可以从一个非工作位置转到一个工作位置，在非工作位置，所述把手部件折叠在所述基板部件上部，在工作位置，所述把手部件从所述基板部件向上伸展；
所述若干托盘用于一个放置在另一个的上部以形成一个托盘堆，该托盘堆具有一个最下部的最后托盘、一个倒数第二托盘以及一个倒数第三托盘，所述倒数第二和倒数第三托盘的所述把手部件处于所述非工作状态，所述倒数第三托盘的所述细长梁接触所述倒数第二托盘的所述基板部件并且所述倒数第二托盘的所述把手部件位于所述倒数第三托盘的所述细长梁之间，所述最后托盘的所述把手部件处于所述工作状态并且在所述倒数第二和倒数第三托盘的凹口中向上伸展。
17、如权利要求16所述的可堆叠托盘，其特征在于，它还包括将所述托盘中的每个连接到所述托盘堆中的一个相邻托盘上的装置。
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EP0934208A4 (en) 2002-12-18
DE69733359D1 (de) 2005-06-30
BR9712425A (pt) 2000-01-25
EP0934208B1 (en) 2005-05-25
CN1234005A (zh) 1999-11-03
ATE296233T1 (de) 2005-06-15
CA2268094A1 (en) 1998-04-30
US5799585A (en) 1998-09-01
IL129447A (en) 2003-01-12
DE69733359T2 (de) 2006-02-02
USRE38076E1 (en) 2003-04-15
US5983806A (en) 1999-11-16
WO1998017541A1 (en) 1998-04-30
IL129447A0 (en) 2000-02-29
JP3871716B2 (ja) 2007-01-24
AU4919697A (en) 1998-05-15
AU719605B2 (en) 2000-05-11
EP0934208A1 (en) 1999-08-11
MX9708119A (es) 1998-08-30

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