CN107258740A - A kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107258740A CN107258740A CN201710420141.2A CN201710420141A CN107258740A CN 107258740 A CN107258740 A CN 107258740A CN 201710420141 A CN201710420141 A CN 201710420141A CN 107258740 A CN107258740 A CN 107258740A
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- pedestal
- operation device
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241001272996 Polyphylla fullo Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0082—Undercarriages, frames, mountings, couplings, tanks
- A01M7/0085—Tanks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device of one kind, belong to agricultural machinery spray technique field, the device includes pedestal, the explosive box being mounted on pedestal and the spray platform being connected by grug transportation tube with explosive box；Pedestal includes being arranged on the walker of both sides and the level frame at the top of two walkers, and the bottom of two walkers, which is provided with universal wheel, level frame, is provided with horizontal guide rail；The top of spray platform is provided with the sliding block coordinated with horizontal guide rail；The edge of spray platform is provided with the shower nozzle that Open Side Down.The present invention realizes the self-propelled movement of pedestal using universal wheel, and carrying sets the spray platform of shower nozzle to be moved on horizontal guide rail, without mobile a wide range of i.e. achievable comprehensive spray.Pedestal is arranged to the hollow frame formula structure that two walkers set up a level frame, it is convenient to be passed freely through in field between crop, spray date is saved, production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural machinery spray technique field, specifically, it is related to a kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation
Device.
Background technology
Agricultural chemicals refer to for prevent, eliminate or control harm agricultural, the disease of forestry, worm, grass and other harmful organisms with
And purposefully regulation plant, the chemical synthesis of insect growth or from a kind of biological, material of other natural materials or
The mixture and its preparation of several materials of person, in protecting agriculture production, improve overall productivity in agriculture, promotion stable food increasing
In terms of production and Practices Sustainable Increasing Income of Farmers, play extremely important effect, be the indispensable means of production of agricultural modernization with
Disaster relief supplies.With the development and the quickening of modernization of social economy, the whole world is to the demand of agricultural chemicals still in growing day by day
Situation.
At this stage there is the problem of usage amount is excessive in the use of agricultural chemicals.In order to improve the average disease-resistant level of crops, people
The mode largely sprayed insecticide is usually taken.Agricultural chemicals is lost in environment, will cause serious environmental pollution, is even made sometimes
Into extremely hazardous consequence.While agricultural output and Quality Down is caused, can also cause soil hardened problem and
The rising of expenses for prevention and control, enhancing germ, insect add agriculture production cost and cause serious ring to the resistance to the action of a drug of agricultural chemicals
Pollute in border.Residues of pesticides can also cause huge harm on crops to human body.
The method of traditional artificial spray agricultural chemicals has cost height, the problem of efficiency is low.In recent years, cost of labor
The factor such as being continuously increased causes agricultural operation crew shortage and operating efficiency to reduce, and artificial spray agricultural chemicals is because by regional condition
Limitation, ruins that seedling rate is too high, delivery rate is slow, effect is undesirable.Traditional Man, which is sprayed insecticide, can not often accomplish that sprinkling is uniform, shadow
Ring the yield of crops, and often along with the phenomenon of excessive dispenser, to soil and environmental pollution, restriction agricultural can
Sustainable development.Meanwhile, human body and Pesticide Exposure are easily encroached on by medicine, bring potential safety hazard.
Existing sprayer machine cost is higher, complex operation, and easily soil is caused damage.It is developed in recent years
Agricultural plant protection unmanned plane has the advantages such as spray that efficiency high, mobility are good, the good, security that sprays even results is high, increasingly by
To the favor of peasant.Plant protection unmanned plane is per minute sprayable 2-4 mus, one day sprayable 2000 mu of (8 hours) one frame fog machine, phase
When in the work efficiency of 30-100 people, labour has been liberated.But at the same time, plant protection unmanned plane has that load-carrying is small, cruising time
It is short, urgently to be resolved hurrily the problems such as aircraft stability is not enough.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provides a kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device, and which solves Traditional Man spray
The cost height of pesticide grown presence, efficiency are low, unsafe problem, can both liberate manpower, production efficiency be improved, while can also be more
After-culture guarantor's unmanned plane load-carrying is few, the problem of cruising time is short.
To achieve these goals, the comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device that the present invention is provided includes pedestal, is mounted in
Explosive box on pedestal and the spray platform being connected by grug transportation tube with explosive box；Pedestal include be arranged on both sides walker and
Level frame at the top of two walkers, the bottom of two walkers, which is provided with universal wheel, level frame, is provided with horizontal guide rail；
The top of spray platform is provided with the sliding block coordinated with horizontal guide rail；The edge of spray platform is provided with the shower nozzle that Open Side Down.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the self-propelled movement of pedestal is realized using universal wheel, the spray platform that shower nozzle is set is carried
Moved on horizontal guide rail, without mobile a wide range of i.e. achievable comprehensive spray.Pedestal is arranged to two walkers and sets up one
The hollow frame formula structure of level frame, it is convenient to be passed freely through in field between crop, it is preferable that level frame can be arranged to length
Adjustable structure, during operation, its length is tuned into it is identical with the width on proportion of crop planting ground, so every time only need to be along farming species
Plant the length direction movement on ground once, you can the crops of entire area are sprayed into agricultural chemicals, the time is saved, efficiency is improved.
Specific scheme is that explosive box is carried on the walker of side wherein, and the side walker is provided with the first lifting
Side high-pressure nozzle is installed on mechanism, elevating mechanism；Explosive box is provided with the opening for being used for adding agricultural chemicals；The walking of opposite side
The control box of the control computer for obtaining crop growth information and control spray situation and control pedestal movement is equipped with frame.
The explosive box of big volume can once carry substantial amounts of agricultural chemicals, realize that device large area sprays.Pass through the row in side
Installation side high-pressure nozzle on frame is walked, and moving up and down for side high-pressure nozzle is realized by the first elevating mechanism, according to difference
The height of crop effectively realizes the comprehensive nurse crop of pesticide spraying from side spraying pesticide.Preferably, the first elevating mechanism is to lead
Rail slide block mechanism, upright guide rail is arranged on walker, and high-pressure nozzle is arranged on sliding block, passes through cunning of the sliding block on guide rail
It is dynamic to drive high-pressure nozzle to move up and down.By controlling crop growth information below the timely acquisition device of computer, control according to demand
The system spray accurate spraying pesticide of platform variables.The information of spraying pesticide can be also stored in control computer in time.Control box is controllable
Device processed is movably walking, platform rotation, flexible and convenient operation.
Further specific scheme is equipped with the GPS navigation system being connected with control computer on pedestal.By main control computer
Real-time control or according to route set in advance in field autonomous, positioning precision is high.Utilize differential global positioning system, Neng Goushi
Track route is now adjusted in time, improves positioning, the degree of accuracy of walking.
Another specific scheme is that spray platform is the circular platform that diameter is at least 0.4 meter, the circular platform
Edge is equipped with least eight shower nozzle.To realize that agricultural chemicals more uniformly sprays.As desired by grug transportation tube from different directions,
Different time controls flow and the opening and closing of each shower nozzle, so as to adjust spray scope and spray dynamics, realizes comprehensive essence
Really, spray insecticide variable.
Another specific scheme is provided with the second elevating mechanism to spray between platform and sliding block.Spray platform passes through second liter
Descending mechanism realizes the movement of in the vertical direction, highly to be moved up and down according to different crops, and height is sprayed so as to adjust.
Preferably, the second elevating mechanism is expansion link mechanism.
Further specific scheme is that grug transportation tube uses flexible water conduit.Grug transportation tube is using flexible preferably water pipe, Ke Yitong
Cross folding and coordinate the flexible operation of expansion link, it is to avoid hinder expansion link to stretch.
Another specific scheme is spray platform provided with the propeller for producing downdraught.The downdraught that rotor is produced
Help to increase penetrability of the spray to crop, and then raising sprays efficiency.
Another specific scheme is that shower nozzle uses centrifugal sprinkler, and it sprays disk and centrifugation motor separate design.Pass through
Centrifugal sprinkler can spray solid-cone spraying, and medical liquid atomizing is uniform, can be atomized agricultural chemicals to less than 100 microns of little particle.
The spray disk of shower nozzle and centrifugation motor separating-type design simultaneously, it is possible to achieve the quick-replaceable of spray disk, saves maintenance time.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device of the invention, different from traditional dispenser means, utilizes self-propelled base
Seat carries spray platform and replaces artificial dispenser, realizes accurate dispenser by computer control while raising sprays efficiency, reduces agriculture
Pollution of the medicine to soil and environment, while can realize that the high-efficiency precision quasivariable of agricultural chemicals Full-automatic omnibearing is sprayed, improves agricultural
Production efficiency and sustainable development.
(2) explosive box for being equipped with Large Copacity compensate for the problem of plant protection unmanned plane load-carrying is small, have for actual agricultural production
Huge meaning.Apparatus structure is stable, easy to operate, and stability is strong, and with safe and efficient, water saving section medicine, sprinkling is uniform, save
The advantages of labour.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the spray platform of the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein：1st, pedestal；2nd, explosive box；3rd, grug transportation tube；4th, side high-pressure nozzle；5th, horizontal guide rail；6th, the second lift
Structure；7th, spray platform；8th, computer is controlled；9th, control box；10th, shower nozzle；11st, propeller.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiments and its accompanying drawing the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
It is the pedestal 1 of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device including autonomous formula, explosive box 2, defeated referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
Pencil 3, side high-pressure nozzle 4, spray platform 7, control computer 8 and control box 9.
Wherein, pedestal 1 is overall uses hollow frame structure, and convenient to be passed freely through in field between crop, it includes setting
Walker and the level frame at the top of two walkers in both sides, two walker bottoms are mounted on two universal wheels, side
Square high-pressure nozzle 4 is arranged on the walker with the first elevating mechanism side, and side high-pressure nozzle 4 is realized by elevating mechanism
Move up and down, according to the height of Different Crop from side spraying pesticide, effectively realize the comprehensive nurse crop of pesticide spraying, the side
The explosive box 2 of big volume is also equipped with walker, substantial amounts of agricultural chemicals can be once carried, realizes that device large area sprays.Simultaneously
Explosive box 2 is provided with special opening, convenient addition agricultural chemicals in time.Computer 8 and control box 9 is controlled to be arranged on the walking of opposite side
On frame.
Horizontal guide rail 55 meters long is installed, the top of spray platform 7 is provided with the cunning coordinated with horizontal guide rail 5 on level frame
Block, realization is slidably connected with level frame, spray platform 7 along horizontal guide rail 5 move when, translational speed is fast, spray scope extensively, effectively
Reduce wheel and press through the loss that farmland is caused.The platform 7 that sprays is rounded, and diameter reaches 0.4m, and at the edge of circular platform, every 45 ° set
One centrifugal shower nozzle 10, totally 8, shower nozzle 10 is open under, and solid-cone spraying, medical liquid atomizing is uniform, can be by agricultural chemicals
It is atomized to less than 100 microns of little particle, while the spray disk of shower nozzle 10 and centrifugation motor separating-type design, it is possible to achieve spray disk
Quick-replaceable, saves maintenance time.Platform 7 spray with being connected between sliding block by the second elevating mechanism 6, it is high according to different crops
Degree realizes the oscilaltion of spray platform 7, and adjust agricultural chemicals sprays height.Meanwhile, equipped with four propellers on spray platform 7
11, the downdraught that rotor is produced helps to increase penetrability of the spray to crop.
Grug transportation tube 3 is used to connect explosive box 2 and spray platform 7, and in order to avoid hindering expansion link to stretch, grug transportation tube 3 is used
Flexible preferably water pipe, can coordinate the flexible operation of expansion link by folding.Spraying platform 7 can be as desired by grug transportation tube 3
From different directions, different time controls flow and the opening and closing of each shower nozzle, so that spray scope and spray dynamics are adjusted, it is real
It is now comprehensive to spray insecticide accurately, variable.
Spray platform 7 can be controlled according to demand by controlling crop growth information below the timely acquisition device of computer 8
Variable accurately spraying pesticide.The information of spraying pesticide can be also stored in control computer 8 in time.Control box 9 can control device
Be movably walking, platform rotation, flexible and convenient operation.GPS navigation system is equipped with pedestal 1, can in real time be grasped by control computer 8
Control or according to route set in advance in field autonomous, positioning precision is high.Using differential global positioning system, it can realize in time
Track route is adjusted, positioning, the degree of accuracy of walking is improved.
In the present embodiment, the first elevating mechanism uses guide rail slide block structure, and the second elevating mechanism 6 uses expansion link mechanism,
Certainly, elevating mechanism is not limited to both, can also use turbine screw lift structure or feed screw nut's elevating mechanism etc..
Claims (8)
1. a kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device, including pedestal, the explosive box that is mounted on the pedestal and by defeated
The spray platform that pencil is connected with the explosive box；
It is characterized in that：
The pedestal includes being arranged on the walker of both sides and the level frame at the top of two walkers, the bottom of two walkers
It is provided with universal wheel, the level frame and horizontal guide rail is installed；
The top of the spray platform is provided with the sliding block coordinated with the horizontal guide rail；
The edge of the spray platform is provided with the shower nozzle that Open Side Down.
2. comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described explosive box is carried on the walker of side wherein, and the side walker is provided with the first elevating mechanism, described
Side high-pressure nozzle is installed on elevating mechanism；
The explosive box is provided with the opening for being used for adding agricultural chemicals；
Control computer and the control institute for obtaining crop growth information and controlling spray situation are equipped with the walker of opposite side
State the control box of pedestal movement.
3. comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Equipped with the GPS navigation system being connected with described control computer on described pedestal.
4. comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described spray platform is the circular platform of at least 0.4 meter of diameter, and the edge of the circular platform is uniformly provided with least eight
Shower nozzle.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is comprehensive walk formula spray drug operation device, it is characterised in that：
The second elevating mechanism is provided between described spray platform and described sliding block.
6. it is according to claim 5 it is comprehensive walk formula spray drug operation device, it is characterised in that：
Described grug transportation tube uses flexible water conduit.
7. it is according to claim 1 it is comprehensive walk formula spray drug operation device, it is characterised in that：
Described spray platform is provided with the propeller for producing downdraught.
8. it is according to claim 1 it is comprehensive walk formula spray drug operation device, it is characterised in that：
Described shower nozzle uses centrifugal sprinkler, and it sprays disk and centrifugation motor separate design.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710420141.2A CN107258740A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | A kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710420141.2A CN107258740A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | A kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107258740A true CN107258740A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
Family
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| CN201710420141.2A Pending CN107258740A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | A kind of comprehensive self-propelled spray drug operation device |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108464168A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of rail mounted accuracy pesticide applying and irrigate integrated mechanism |
| CN109526924A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 陇西秸昱科技开发有限公司 | A kind of chemical spraying device for planting asparagus |
| CN110063322A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-30 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of point band sprayer apparatus for intercropping and interplanting |
| CN110140706A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Pesticide field plot trial essence amount automatic sprayer |
| CN110583601A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏九迪农业生态科技有限公司 | Pesticide feeding equipment suitable for three-dimensional planting of agricultural ecology |
| CN112243989A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2021-01-22 | 马骏 | Parallel walking type water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated machine |
| CN112293384A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 华南农业大学 | Plant protection device based on crop group bearing capacity and operation method thereof |
| CN113925036A (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2022-01-14 | 南京农业大学 | Accurate automatic pesticide applying device based on machine vision |
| CN114273101A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-04-05 | 黄淮学院 | Gibberellin spraying device for improving corn yield |
| CN115245155A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Stride a formula matrimony vine and spout medicine machine |
| CN115336567A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-15 | 安徽省圣丹生物化工有限公司 | Continuous pesticide spraying device for pest control |
| US11963475B2 (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2024-04-23 | Jun Ma | Plant protection and management systems for center pivot and linear irrigation system |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108464168A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of rail mounted accuracy pesticide applying and irrigate integrated mechanism |
| CN109526924A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 陇西秸昱科技开发有限公司 | A kind of chemical spraying device for planting asparagus |
| CN110063322B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2024-02-09 | 四川农业大学 | A divide area spraying device for intercropping |
| CN110063322A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-30 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of point band sprayer apparatus for intercropping and interplanting |
| CN110140706A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Pesticide field plot trial essence amount automatic sprayer |
| CN110583601A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏九迪农业生态科技有限公司 | Pesticide feeding equipment suitable for three-dimensional planting of agricultural ecology |
| CN112243989A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2021-01-22 | 马骏 | Parallel walking type water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated machine |
| US11963475B2 (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2024-04-23 | Jun Ma | Plant protection and management systems for center pivot and linear irrigation system |
| CN112293384A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 华南农业大学 | Plant protection device based on crop group bearing capacity and operation method thereof |
| CN115245155A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Stride a formula matrimony vine and spout medicine machine |
| CN113925036A (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2022-01-14 | 南京农业大学 | Accurate automatic pesticide applying device based on machine vision |
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Application publication date: 20171020 |