CN107208265A - 生产挠性有机‑无机层合物的方法 - Google Patents
生产挠性有机‑无机层合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107208265A CN107208265A CN201580073853.0A CN201580073853A CN107208265A CN 107208265 A CN107208265 A CN 107208265A CN 201580073853 A CN201580073853 A CN 201580073853A CN 107208265 A CN107208265 A CN 107208265A
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- JYTUFVYWTIKZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium oxide Inorganic materials [O][Ho]O[Ho][O] JYTUFVYWTIKZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000311 lanthanide oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003443 lutetium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPZHFKHTXCZXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(I) oxide Inorganic materials O1[Hg][Hg]1 RPZHFKHTXCZXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNMQOUGYKPVJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ni+3].[Ni+3] GNMQOUGYKPVJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000489 osmium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LMHBTOBADLGFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl diisocyanate Chemical compound C(C(=O)N=C=O)(=O)N=C=O LMHBTOBADLGFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZFKDUMHDHEBLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxonickeliooxy)nickel Chemical compound O=[Ni]O[Ni]=O PZFKDUMHDHEBLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn]=O KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000636 poly(norbornene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052832 pyrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YSZJKUDBYALHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Re](=O)=O YSZJKUDBYALHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002327 selenol group Chemical group [H][Se]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical group N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052834 spessartine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJHDVMPJLLGYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromogermane Chemical compound Br[Ge](Br)(Br)Br VJHDVMPJLLGYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium (III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tm+3].[Tm+3] ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FIXNOXLJNSSSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Yb]O[Yb]=O FIXNOXLJNSSSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45529—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations specially adapted for making a layer stack of alternating different compositions or gradient compositions
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45534—Use of auxiliary reactants other than used for contributing to the composition of the main film, e.g. catalysts, activators or scavengers
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
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- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
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Abstract
本发明为关于通过原子层沉积生产挠性有机‑无机层合物以及包含挠性有机‑无机层合物的阻障膜的方法的领域。特别地,本发明涉及生产层合物的方法,该方法包括:(a)通过原子层沉积方法沉积无机层,和(b)通过分子层沉积方法沉积含硒有机层。
Description
本发明为通过原子层沉积生产挠性有机-无机层合物以及包含挠性有机-无机层合物的阻障膜的方法的领域。
由于电子装置对水分和氧气的高敏感性,其需要有效囊封和钝化。通常使用无机材料,例如氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或玻璃作为阻挡材料,因为它们显示出优异的阻水性及阻氧性。然而,由于无机材料的刚性,其大大限制电子装置的形式因素。此外,例如大型玻璃片的易碎性使得生产方法困难且昂贵。包含材料,例如玻璃的电子装置在机械应力时倾向于断裂。
WO 2009/002 892 A1公开了具有无机层和增挠聚合层的涂层。然而,阻挡特性对一些应用而言仍是不足的。
本发明的目的是提供生产具有高阻水性和阻氧性的膜的方法。同时,它旨在提供生产在高机械应力下保持其阻挡特性的膜的方法。另一目的是提供生产在高温潮湿氛围中具有高抗降解稳定性的膜的方法。
该目的通过生产层合物的方法实现,其包括:
(a)通过原子层沉积方法沉积无机层,和
(b)通过分子层沉积方法沉积含硒有机层。
本发明进一步涉及一种层合物,其包含:
(a)无机层和
(b)含硒有机层。
本发明进一步涉及包含本发明层合物的阻障膜。
本发明进一步涉及本发明阻障膜在囊封、封装或钝化中的用途。
本发明进一步涉及包含本发明阻障膜的电子装置。
本发明的优选实施方案可在说明书和权利要求书中找到。不同实施方案的组合属于本发明的范畴。
在本发明上下文中,层合物为至少两个不同化学组成的层彼此紧密接触的产品。除非另外指明,对各层的大小、组成或各层保持在一起的强度通常不存在特定限制。
在本发明的上下文中,无机物指含有至少1重量%,优选至少2重量%,更优选至少5重量%,特别是至少10重量%的至少一种金属或半金属的材料。在本发明的上下文中,有机物指含有多于99重量%,优选多于99.5重量%,特别是完全或基本完全包含非金属的材料。非金属甚至更优选为C、H、O、N、S、Se和/或P。
原子层沉积(ALD)为其中进行一系列自限性表面反应的技术,其取决于所进行的自限性反应的数目而形成具有精确厚度的保形涂层。表面反应通常在前体由气态吸附于基底上时发生。当占据基底的所有表面位点时,前体不再进一步吸附于基底上,使得反应具有自限性。在除去过量前体以后,将沉积层化学或物理处理,这容许随后其它前体的沉积。包含这类沉积和处理的工序通常称作ALD方法中的循环。ALD方法详细描述于George(Chemical Reviews 110(2010),111-131)中。如果在ALD方法中沉积有机分子,则该方法有时称作分子层沉积方法(MLD)。
本发明方法包含通过原子层沉积方法沉积无机层。无机层通过任意数目,例如1-1000,优选2-200,更优选4-60,特别是5-30次原子层沉积循环沉积。
形成无机层的ALD方法中的循环通常包括使含金属或含半金属的化合物或其混合物呈气态并将它由气态沉积于基底上。在下文中,术语“金属或半金属或其混合物”简写为“(半)金属”。可通过将含(半)金属化合物加热至高温而使其达成气态。在任何情况下,必须选择含(半)金属化合物的分解温度以下的温度。优选,加热温度为轻微高于室温至300℃,更优选30℃至250℃,甚至更优选40℃至200℃,特别是50℃至150℃。作为选择,可使惰性气体如氮气或氩气冲洗通过含(半)金属化合物。这样,惰性气体饱含气态含(半)金属化合物,其对应于含(半)金属化合物的蒸气压。
含半金属化合物中的金属为Li、Be、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In Sn、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os Ir、Pt、Au、Hg、Tl、Bi。含半金属化合物中的半金属为B、Si、As、Ge、Sb。优选的(半)金属为B、Al、Si、Ti、Zn、Y、Zr、La,特别是Al。
可呈气态的任何含(半)金属化合物是适合的。优选,含(半)金属化合物为(半)金属有机化合物。这些化合物包括烷基(半)金属,例如二甲基锌、三甲基铝或二丁基锡;(半)金属烷氧基化物,例如四甲氧基硅或四异丙氧基锆;环戊二烯加合物,如二茂铁或二茂钛;(半)金属碳烯,例如五新戊钽(tantalum-pentaneopentylat)或氯化双亚咪唑烷基钌(bisimidazolidinylenrutheniumchloride);(半)金属卤化物,例如四溴化锗或四氯化钛;一氧化碳络合物,如六羰基铬或四羰基镍。更优选,含(半)金属化合物为烷基(半)金属,特别是C1-C4烷基(半)金属。
可使用多于一种含(半)金属化合物。这样,可生产包含例如混合(半)金属氧化物如氧化锡锌或氧化钡钛的无机层。
优选,第二含(半)金属化合物以相对于含(半)金属化合物的总摩尔量1-30摩尔%,更优选2-15摩尔%存在。在这种情况下,得到(半)金属掺杂的无机层,例如铝掺杂的氧化锌、锡掺杂的氧化铟或锑掺杂的氧化锡。作为选择,为得到卤素掺杂的无机层,除含(半)金属化合物外,可使用相对于含(半)金属化合物和含卤素化合物的总摩尔量1-30摩尔%,更优选2-15摩尔%的量的含卤素且含(半)金属的化合物或者含卤素化合物。
形成无机层的ALD方法中的循环通常进一步包括在将含(半)金属化合物沉积于基底上以后将其分解。分解可以各种方式进行。可将固体基底的温度提高至含(半)金属化合物的分解温度以上。此外,可将沉积的含(半)金属化合物暴露于氧气、臭氧、等离子体如氧等离子体、氨气、氧化剂如一氧化二氮或过氧化氢、还原剂如氢气、醇、肼或羟胺,或溶剂,如水。优选使用氧化剂、等离子体或水以得到(半)金属氧化物的层。优选暴露于水、氧等离子体或臭氧。特别优选暴露于水。如果需要元素(半)金属的层,则优选使用还原剂。对于(半)金属氮化物的层,优选使用氨气或肼。
形成有机层的ALD方法中的循环通常包含使含硒化合物呈气态并将其由气态沉积于基底上。含硒化合物中的硒优选呈氧化态-2、-1或0,其为负2、负1或0,例如有机硒醇、有机硒醚或有机二硒醚。有机硒醇为优选的。含硒化合物可含有一个或多于一个硒原子。优选,含硒化合物含有一个或两个硒原子。更优选,含硒化合物为芳族硒醇。硒醇可直接或经由连接基团,例如亚甲基键结于分子的芳族部分是,优选它直接键结于芳族基团上。含硒化合物甚至更优选为苯硒酚衍生物。优选,含硒分子进一步含有一个或多个羟基。下文提供含硒化合物的一些优选实例。
特别优选4-羟基苯硒酚(C-1)和(4-硒基苯基)甲醇(C-2)。也可用不同有机分子制备有机层,条件是至少一个有机分子是含硒的。
优选,含硒化合物含有至少2个硒原子,更优选2个硒原子。含硒化合物中的硒原子相互独立地为如上所述官能团的一部分。优选硒醇,更优选二硒醇。优选,两个硒醇基团直接或者经由连接基团如亚甲基连接在芳基体系如苯上。下文给出含有2个硒原子的含硒化合物的一些优选实例。
还优选含硒化合物含有1个硒原子和1个硫原子。更优选,含硒化合物为硒醇和硫醇,含硒化合物特别是硒醇和硫醇且进一步含有羟基。下文给出含有1个硒原子和1个硫原子的含硒化合物的一些实例。
优选,有机层通过包含含硒化合物的一次ALD循环制备。然而,也可运行多于一次ALD循环以形成有机层。用于制备有机层的ALD循环中通常需要包括沉积连接化合物。实例包括光气、亚硫酰氯、二酸二氯化物,例如草酰氯或二异氰酸酯,例如亚乙基二异氰酸酯。无机化合物也可形成连接剂如烷基(半)金属,例如三甲基铝。在这种情况下,有机层还包含(半)金属。作为选择,在一次形成有机层的ALD循环以后,可在进行下一次形成有机层的ALD循环以前,用水、氧气或臭氧处理。
ALD方法可在宽压力范围内,例如5000-10-5毫巴下进行。当含(半)金属化合物或含硒化合物与惰性气体混合时,压力优选为约正常压力,例如1500-500毫巴,更优选1200-800毫巴。当含(半)金属化合物或含硒化合物未与惰性气体混合时,压力取决于含(半)金属化合物或含硒化合物的蒸气压力。通常,压力则为100-10-3毫巴,更优选10-0.1毫巴。在这种情况下,优选在可调整压力的设备中,例如在真空室中操作本方法。
ALD方法的温度为-20℃至500℃,优选0-300℃,特别是50-200℃。在一次ALD循环中,通常将表面暴露于含(半)金属化合物或含硒化合物1毫秒至30秒,优选10毫秒至5秒,特别是50毫秒至1秒。在将表面暴露于不同化学结构的含(半)金属化合物或含硒化合物之间,通常优选将基底用惰性气体冲洗0.1秒至10分钟,优选1秒至3分钟,特别是10秒至1分钟。
优选,在本发明方法中,沉积无机层和沉积含硒有机层的工序进行多于一次,优选至少30次,更优选至少100次,特别是至少200次。优选,该工序进行至多1000次。有机和无机层可相互独立地通过相同次数的ALD循环或者不同的ALD循环次数制备。例如,一个无机层可通过4次ALD循环制备,同时不同的无机层可通过8次ALD循环制备。优选,所有无机层用相同次数的ALD循环制备。更优选,所有无机层用相同次数的ALD循环制备且所有有机层通过一次ALD循环制备。
此外,不同化合物可用于生产不同的无机层或不同的有机层。优选,所有有机层用相同的有机化合物生产。优选,所有无机层用相同的含(半)金属化合物生产。
优选,本发明方法通过使呈气态的含(半)金属化合物和含硒化合物通过相对于基底移动的独立孔口而进行。这意指移动基底并使孔口保持固定或者使基底保持固定而移动孔口或者移动基底与孔口。优选,移动速度为0.01-10m/s,更优选0.02-1m/s,特别是0.05-0.3m/s。排列孔口以使得含(半)金属化合物和含硒化合物以如上文方法所述的顺序冲击基底表面。优选,存在至少两个孔口以形成含有(半)金属的较厚层,含(半)金属化合物通过该孔口向表面传送。含(半)金属化合物的分解优选由孔口进行,通过该孔口向基底表面传送分解材料,例如水。为避免在气相中反应,优选放置孔口,惰性气体,例如氮气或氩气通过该孔口向基底表面传送。
当通过使含(半)金属化合物和含硒化合物通过独立孔口而进行方法时,基底处的压力优选为100-5000毫巴,更优选500-1500毫巴,特别是800-1200毫巴,例如大气压力。然而,作为选择,如果设备可排空的话,可使用如上文所述较低压力。
优选,孔口安装在基底置于其周围,优选移动的转鼓上。该设备描述于WO 2011/099 858 A1中。如果基底为挠性的,则有机-无机基底可因此在所谓的辊对辊方法中沉积于大基底上。
本发明方法得到具有较低小分子如水和氧气渗透性和高挠性的层合物。因此,本发明还涉及包含无机层和含硒有机层的层合物。小分子渗透性的良好量测为水蒸气传输速率(WVTR)。它优选通过蒸发层合物上的一列钙点并将另一层合物沉积于钙点上而测量。然后将这些试样暴露于温暖的潮湿空气,例如在30-100℃,在30-90%相对湿度下,优选在60-85℃下,在70-90%相对湿度下,例如在60℃和90%相对湿度或85℃和85%相对湿度下。该露通常耗时至少100小时,优选至少200小时,特别是至少300小时。通常,暴露耗时不超过1000小时。如Paetzold等人(Review of Scientific Instruments 74(2003)5147-5150)所述,使用已变为透明的钙点的数目计算WVTR。一般而言,如果WVTR小于10-2g/m2d,优选10-4g/m2d,更优选10-5g/m2d,特别是10-6g/m2d,则认为层合物具有较低小分子渗透性。
测量层合物的挠性的方法是将包含钙点的层合物和如上所述在上面的第二层合物围绕半径为0.1-10cm,优选0.1-2cm的圆柱形物体弯曲几次,例如100次并随后如上所述测量WVTR速率。如果WVTR与弯曲以前的各层合物相比高不多于1000倍,优选高不多于100倍,特别是高不多于10倍,则认为层合物具有高挠性。
优选,无机层具有0.4-15nm,更优选0.5-5nm,特别是0.6-3nm的厚度。含硒有机层优选具有0.1-10nm,更优选0.2-5nm,特别是0.3-3nm,例如0.4-1nm的厚度。层的厚度通常通过X射线衍射,例如宽角度X射线衍射(WAXD),优选用同步加速器如X射线源测量。
无机层可选自多种化合物。这些包括无机氧化物、无机氮化物、无机碳化物、钙钛矿、石榴石、烧绿石、透明导体和II-IV化合物。优选无机氧化物。
无机氧化物的实例包括碱土金属氧化物,例如BeO、MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO;主族金属氧化物,例如Al2O3、SiO2、Ga2O3、GeO2、In2O3、SnO2、Tl2O、PbO、PbO2、Bi2O3;过渡金属氧化物,例如Sc2O3、TiO2、V2O5、CrO2、Cr2O3、MnO、Mn2O3、FeO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、CoO、Co2O3、NiO、Ni2O3、Cu2O、CuO、ZnO、Y2O3、ZrO2、Nb2O5、MoO、MoO2、RuO2、Rh2O、PdO、Ag2O、CdO、HfO2、Ta2O5、WO3、ReO3、OsO4、IrO2、PtO2、AuO、Hg2O;类镧系元素氧化物,例如La2O3、Ce2O3、CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Pm2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Tb2O3、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3。优选B2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、La2O3、Y2O3、ZnO、ZrO2,特别是Al2O3。通常,根据本发明的薄层中的氧化物一定程度上为水化的。然而这些水合物在本发明上下文中视为上式表示的氧化物。作为选择,例如氧化物Al2O3可可由更一般的式AlOx(OH)y表示,其中0≤x≤1.5;0≤y≤3且2x+y=3,优选1≤x≤1.5;0≤y≤1且2x+y=3。
无机氮化物的实例包括BN、AlN、Si3N4、Ti3N4、TaN、NbN、WN、MoN、GaN、Zr3N4、InN和Hf3N4,优选BN、AlN、Si3N4、Ti3N4、Zr3N4。无机碳化物的实例包括B4C3、SiC、ZrC。钙钛矿的实例包括BaTiO3、SrTiO3、LaNiO3和LaCoO3。石榴石的实例包括Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Mg3Al2(SiO4)3和Mn3Al2(SiO4)3。烧绿石的实例包括La2Zr2O7、Gd1.9Ca0.1Ti2O6.9、Dy2Ti2O7和Y2Mo2O7。透明导体的实例包括Sn掺杂的In2O3、Sb掺杂的SnO2、F掺杂的SnO2、Al掺杂的ZnO。II-IV化合物的实例为ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CaS、SrS、BaS、CdS、CdTe、CdSe。此外,混合氧化物和/或氮化物是可能的,例如AlON、SiAlON。
优选,层合物包含至少两个无机层,其间具有含硒有机层。更优选,层合物交替地包含至少30个无机层和至少30个有机层,甚至更优选至少100个无机层和至少100个有机层,特别是至少200个无机层和至少200个有机层。优选,层合物包含不多于1000个无机层和不多于1000个有机层。交替地意指每两个无机层由有机层分离。
优选,有机层含有呈氧化态-2、-1或0,更优选呈氧化态-2或-1的硒。有机层中的不同硒原子可具有不同氧化态。在这种情况下,优选硒的平均氧化态为0至-2。本发明层合物中硒的氧化态可通过层合物的红外线(IR)光谱中的特征带测定。
本发明层合物特别用于制备阻障膜。因此,本发明进一步涉及包含本发明层合物的阻障膜。
本发明阻障膜通常进一步包含基底。基底可以为任何固体材料。这些包括例如金属、半金属、氧化物、氮化物和聚合物。基底也可为不同材料的混合物。金属的实例为铝、钢、锌和铜。半金属的实例为硅、锗和镓砷化物。氧化物的实例为二氧化硅、二氧化钛和氧化锌。氮化物的实例为氮化硅、氮化铝、氮化钛和氮化镓。优选聚合物。聚合物包括聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯-二羧酸(PEN);聚酰亚胺;聚丙烯酸酯,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA);聚丙烯酰胺;聚碳酸酯,例如聚(双酚A碳酸酯);聚乙烯醇及其衍生物,如聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;聚氯乙烯;聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP);聚环烯烃,例如聚降冰片烯;聚醚砜;聚酰胺,如聚己内酰胺或聚(六亚甲基己二酰胺);纤维素衍生物,例如羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甲基羟丙基纤维素或硝基纤维素;聚氨酯;环氧树脂;三聚氰胺甲醛树脂;酚甲醛树脂。聚合物包括共聚物,例如聚(乙烯-共-降冰片烯)或聚(乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯)。优选聚酯和聚环烯烃。
基底可具有任何大小和形状。优选基底为膜。基底膜的厚度取决于应用。如果阻障膜围绕大于10mm的半径弯曲,则基底膜优选具有100-1000μm,更优选100-500μm,例如100-200μm的厚度。如果阻障膜以低于10mm的半径弯曲,则基底膜优选具有1-100μm,更优选10-70μm,例如40-60μm的厚度。
基底表面优选具有高平坦度。在本发明的上下文中,高平坦度意指表面上的最高点比表面上的最低点高不多于100nm,优选不多于50nm。平坦度可用原子力显微法,优选以轻敲模式测量。
例如由于小刮擦,或颗粒如灰尘粘着于其表面上,基底通常无法得到高平坦度。因此,阻障膜优选进一步包含平坦化层以避免损坏,例如刺穿层合物。更优选,平坦化层在基底与层合物之间。在这种情况下,平坦化层可另外用于使基底与层合物更好地保持在一起,特别是在弯曲或加热时。平坦化层可包含有机聚合物,例如丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂,陶瓷,例如碳化物,例如SiC,或有机-无机混合材料,例如聚烷基硅氧烷。优选有机聚合物。
平坦化层通常通过在施加层合物以前将构成平坦化层的材料沉积于基底上而制备。在有机聚合物的情况下,将包含单体的液体浇铸于基底上,然后例如通过加热或UV引发固化。优选UV引发。更优选,包含单体的液体进一步包含固化助剂,例如官能化二苯甲酮。优选,包含单体的液体包含单官能和双官能单体的混合物使得固化以后得到交联有机聚合物。包含陶瓷的平坦化层通常通过将材料溅镀于基底上而得到。包含有机-无机混合材料的平坦化层可通过将包含有机-无机前体的溶液浇铸于基底上,蒸发溶剂并例如通过加热使有机-无机前体凝结而得到。该方法通常称为溶胶-凝胶法。有机-无机前体的实例为烷基-三烷氧基硅烷。优选用UV可固化侧基,例如丙烯酸酯基将前体官能化。这样,有机-无机混合材料可交联。
优选,构成平坦化层的材料的弹性模量在基底材料的弹性模量与层合物的弹性模量之间,例如10-30GPa。弹性模量的测定方法描述于ISO527-1(塑料-拉伸特性的测定,2012)中。
优选,本发明阻障膜进一步包含保护层以避免例如因刮擦而机械损坏层合物。保护层可包含例如环氧树脂。保护层可进一步为例如连接层合物与电子装置的粘着剂。惊讶地发现,本发明阻障膜与保护层的组合显示关于WVTR的协同效应,即当阻障膜与保护层组合时,WVTR低于技术人员预期的。
优选,本发明阻障膜进一步包含集气材料。该集气材料结合小分子如水或氧气,因此进一步降低阻障膜的渗透性。集气材料的实例为高反应性金属,例如Ca,或者强吸水性氧化物,例如CaO或SiO2。
本发明进一步涉及本发明阻障膜在囊封、封装或钝化中的用途。可用本发明阻障膜囊封、封装或钝化对小分子如水或氧气敏感的任何商品,例如食品、药物、反应性化学品、电池或优选电子装置。特别地,如果电子装置中的活性材料为有机分子,则电子装置的实例为场效晶体管(FET)、太阳能电池、发光二极管、传感器或电容器。本发明阻障膜可另外用作电绝缘体,例如晶体管中的介电质。
用本发明方法,可得到具有抵抗小分子扩散的高屏障的层合物。这些层合物在弯曲时保持其高扩散阻挡层。当使用挠性基底时,可得到具有高扩散屏障的挠性阻障膜。
Claims (15)
1.生产层合物的方法,其包括:
(a)通过原子层沉积方法沉积无机层,和
(b)通过分子层沉积方法沉积含硒有机层。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中硒醇用于在分子层沉积方法中沉积有机层。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中二硒醇用于在分子层沉积方法中沉积有机层。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中芳族硒醇用于在分子层沉积方法中沉积有机层。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其中含Al化合物用于在原子层沉积方法中沉积无机层。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中无机层通过4-150次原子层沉积循环沉积。
7.一种层合物,其包含:
(a)无机层和
(b)含硒有机层。
8.根据权利要求7的层合物,其中有机层含有氧化态-2、-1或0的硒。
9.根据权利要求7或8的层合物,其中无机层包含AlOx(OH)y,其中0≤x≤1.5;0≤y≤3且2x+y=3。
10.根据权利要求7-9中任一项的层合物,其中无机层具有0.4-15nm的厚度。
11.一种阻障膜,其包含根据权利要求7-10中任一项的层合物。
12.根据权利要求11的阻障膜,其中阻障膜进一步包含聚合物基底。
13.根据权利要求11或12的阻障膜,其中阻障膜进一步包含平坦化层。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的阻障膜在囊封、封装或钝化中的用途。
15.一种电子装置,其包含根据权利要求11-13中任一项的阻障膜。
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EP15161121.7 | 2015-03-26 | ||
EP15161121 | 2015-03-26 | ||
PCT/EP2015/080988 WO2016116245A1 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2015-12-22 | Process for producing flexible organic-inorganic laminates |
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MX (1) | MX2017009473A (zh) |
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CA2950012C (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2022-07-26 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Process for producing flexible organic-inorganic laminates |
MX2017009473A (es) | 2015-01-20 | 2017-11-02 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Proceso para la produccion de laminados flexibles organicos-inorganicos. |
MX2017012134A (es) | 2015-03-25 | 2018-02-09 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Procedimiento para la produccion de laminados organicos e inorganicos flexibles. |
EP3531462A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-28 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Transparent conductive film |
CN108666421A (zh) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 柔性基底、有机电致发光二极管显示基板和显示装置 |
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KR20170103827A (ko) | 2017-09-13 |
JP2018505968A (ja) | 2018-03-01 |
EP3247819A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
RU2017129456A3 (zh) | 2019-07-17 |
TW201708610A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
RU2736197C2 (ru) | 2020-11-12 |
RU2017129456A (ru) | 2019-02-22 |
BR112017015636A2 (pt) | 2018-03-13 |
JP2021091969A (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
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