CN107205419A - 油脂 - Google Patents
油脂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107205419A CN107205419A CN201680006944.7A CN201680006944A CN107205419A CN 107205419 A CN107205419 A CN 107205419A CN 201680006944 A CN201680006944 A CN 201680006944A CN 107205419 A CN107205419 A CN 107205419A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- acid
- grease
- mct
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 fatty acid triglycerides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 46
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101000937642 Homo sapiens Malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000590830 Homo sapiens Monocarboxylate transporter 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100034068 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000006549 dyspepsia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101000577115 Homo sapiens Monocarboxylate transporter 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100025272 Monocarboxylate transporter 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003800 pharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019487 Hazelnut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102220645376 Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter_C10R_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019498 Walnut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021324 borage oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020880 diabetic diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010468 hazelnut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009200 high fat diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009884 interesterification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020887 ketogenic diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002617 leukotrienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019488 nut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010466 nut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001335 perilla frutescens leaf extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008171 pumpkin seed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005480 straight-chain fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008170 walnut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/035—Organic compounds containing oxygen as heteroatom
- A23L29/04—Fatty acids or derivatives
-
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
-
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/005—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
- A23D7/0053—Compositions other than spreads
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- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/02—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D7/04—Working-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
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- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
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- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/231—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having one or two double bonds
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- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
- C07C53/126—Acids containing more than four carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/08—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/30—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products
- A21D13/38—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products characterised by the filling composition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
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- A23V2250/1878—Medium-chain fatty acids
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供构成脂肪酸包含大量正癸酸、摄取时的不适感少且具有优异的耐冷性的油脂。本发明为一种油脂,其中,三硅酸甘油酯的含量为30质量%以下,并且构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为65~95质量%,所述中链脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。进而,本发明为一种油脂,其中,所述油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为3~35质量%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及构成脂肪酸包含高含量的正癸酸且具有优异的耐冷性的油脂。
背景技术
老人和病中病后的患者存在难以充分吸收通常的食物而陷入低营养状态的情况。为了应对此种问题,开发了各种通过少量的摄取便能摄取充分的营养的食品。尤其在主要着眼于能量(卡路里)供给的情况下,提高食品的脂质含量会使能量的摄取效率较佳。此外,与生酮饮食(ketogenic diet)(例如日本特表2010-506587号公报)、糖尿病饮食及低碳水化合物饮食对应的食品优选为低糖。
如上所述的食品中所使用的脂质已知有中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)。MCT中所含的中链脂肪酸在消化道内被迅速吸收、并且在肝脏内被极快地分解,从而提供能量。因此,MCT在饭后很快被活用为能源。然而,若一次性大量摄取中链脂肪酸甘油三酯,则有可能诱发咽部、胃上部的刺激、胃不消化等不适感。
在中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)中,构成脂肪酸包含大量具有碳原子数10的正癸酸的MCT很少会有上述的咽头部、胃上部的刺激、胃不消化等不适感(例如日本再公表专利第2010/052847号)。但是,构成脂肪酸具有高含量的正癸酸的MCT即使在室温下为液状,在0~5℃附近的温度区域也容易析出油脂结晶。尤其在需要冷藏或开封后需要冷藏的乳化食品中存在使用便利性差的缺点。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表2010-506587号公报
专利文献2:日本再公表专利第2010/052847号
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供构成脂肪酸包含大量正癸酸、摄取时的不适感少、且具有优异的耐冷性的油脂。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明提供如下内容。
(1)一种油脂,其中,三硅酸甘油酯(tridecanoin)的含量为30质量%以下,并且构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为65~95质量%,上述中链脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
(2)根据(1)的油脂,其中,构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为3~35质量%。
(3)根据(1)或(2)的油脂,其包含30~93质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和3~70质量%的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MLCT)。
(4)根据(1)~(3)中任一项的油脂,其包含通过将混合油进行酯交换而得到的油脂,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT),上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
(5)根据(1)~(3)中任一项的油脂,其包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)、和5~35质量%的MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油,上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
(6)根据(1)或(2)的油脂,其包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)。
(7)一种乳化物,其包含(1)~(6)中任一项的油脂。
(8)一种食品,其包含(1)~(6)中任一项的油脂。
(9)一种(1)的油脂的制造方法,其包括对混合油应用酯交换的工序,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT),上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
(10)一种(1)的油脂的制造方法,其包括将混合油进行混合的工序,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)、和5~35质量%的MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油,上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供构成脂肪酸包含大量正癸酸、摄取时的不适感少且具有优异的耐冷性的油脂。
具体实施方式
本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为65~95质量%。在本发明中,中链脂肪酸具有碳原子数6~10的脂肪酸,优选为直链的饱和脂肪酸。具体而言,可列举正己酸(己酸)、正辛酸(辛酸)、正癸酸(癸酸)。本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量优选为70~92质量%,更优选为75~87质量%。若本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为上述范围内,则可以期待中链脂肪酸的生理效果。
本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的50质量%以上为正癸酸。本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸所含的中链脂肪酸中的正癸酸含量优选为55~80质量%,更优选为60~75质量%。若本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸所含的中链脂肪酸中的正癸酸的含量为上述范围内,则无论是否为高正癸酸含量,均得到具有良好的耐冷性的油脂。另外,本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的癸酸的含量优选为40~75质量%,更优选为45~70质量%,进一步优选为50~65质量%。
本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸所含的中链脂肪酸中的正己酸的含量优选为20质量%以下,更优选为0~10质量%,进一步优选为0~5质量%。若本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸所含的中链脂肪酸中的正己酸的含量为上述范围内,则摄取本发明的油脂时的不适感降低。
本发明的油脂中所含的三硅酸甘油酯的含量为30质量%以下。上述三硅酸甘油酯的含量优选为28质量%以下,更优选为26质量%以下。另外,上述三硅酸甘油酯的含量的下限并无特别规定,但适合为10质量%以上,更适合为15质量%以上。若本发明的油脂中所含的三硅酸甘油酯的含量为上述范围内,则无论是否为高正癸酸含量,均得到具有良好的耐冷性的油脂。
本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量优选为3~35质量%,更优选为5~30质量%,进一步优选为6~25质量%。若本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为上述范围内,则无论是否为高正癸酸含量,均得到具有良好的耐冷性的油脂。
对油脂的构成脂肪酸及甘油三酯的组成进行确认的方法及进行定量的方法可列举例如基于气相色谱的分析。
本发明的油脂优选包含中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(以下也称作MCT)。中链脂肪酸甘油三酯是与甘油键合的3个脂肪酸全部为中链脂肪酸的甘油三酯。本发明的油脂中所含的MCT可以使用现有公知的方法来制造。例如可以通过将碳原子数6~10的脂肪酸和甘油加热到120~180℃并使其脱水缩合来制造。该缩合反应优选在减压下进行。在上述缩合反应中可以使用催化剂。但是,优选在无催化剂下进行上述缩合反应。
本发明的油脂还可以包含长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(以下也称作LCT)。长链脂肪酸甘油三酯是与甘油键合的3个脂肪酸全部为长链脂肪酸的甘油三酯。本发明的长链脂肪酸优选为碳原子数12以上的脂肪酸并且为直链脂肪酸。更具体而言,可列举月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸等。
本发明的油脂优选为油脂中所含的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸含有70质量%以上的不饱和脂肪酸的油脂。可列举例如豆油、菜籽油、玉米油、芝麻油、紫苏油、亚麻籽油、花生油、红花油、葵花籽油、绵籽油、葡萄籽油、澳洲坚果油、榛子油、南瓜籽油、核桃油、山茶油、茶籽油、紫苏籽油、琉璃苣油、橄榄油、米油、米糠油、小麦胚芽油及它们的混合油脂、分选油脂、酯交换油脂。
本发明的油脂可以为MCT和LCT的混合物。例如可以为包含65~95质量%(优选65~85质量%,更优选65~75质量%)的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%(优选15~35质量%,更优选25~35质量%)的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)、且上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上的混合油。
本发明的油脂还可以包含中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(以下也称作MLCT)。中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯是与甘油键合的3个脂肪酸中分别键合有至少1个中链脂肪酸及1个长链脂肪酸的甘油三酯。MLCT可以与MCT同样地利用酯合成来制备。MLCT还可以通过将MCT和LCT的混合物进行酯交换来制备。进行酯交换的方法并无特别限定。可以应用使用甲醇钠为催化剂的化学酯交换及使用脂肪酶制剂为催化剂的酶酯交换等通常的方法进行。
本发明的油脂可以包含MCT和MLCT。更具体而言,优选包含30~93质量%的MCT和3~70质量%的MLCT,更优选包含45~84质量%的MCT和6~55质量%的MLCT,进一步优选包含60~78质量%的MCT和8~40质量%的MLCT。
包含MCT和MLCT的本发明的油脂例如可以包含通过将混合油进行酯交换而得到的油脂(A),所述混合油包含65~95质量%(优选78~92质量%)的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%(优选为8~22质量%)的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT),且上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
另外,包含MCT和MLCT的本发明的油脂例如可以包含油脂(B),所述油脂(B)包含65~95质量%(优选78~92质量%)的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)、和5~35质量%(优选8~24质量%)的MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)的酯交换油且上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。上述MCT和LCT的酯交换油可以是油脂(A)。
无论是否是上述的组合,本发明的油脂只要使三硅酸甘油酯的含量为30质量%以下、并且构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为65~95质量%、上述中链脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上,则其制备方法并无限定。
制备本发明的油脂的优选实施方式为利用常规方法合成构成脂肪酸中所含的辛酸:己酸的质量比为4:6~2:8的MCT。可列举将该MCT 65~85质量份和构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为70质量%以上的油脂(例如、菜籽油、葵花籽油)15~35质量份进行混合的方式。
制备本发明的油脂的制备的另一优选实施方式为利用常规方法合成构成脂肪酸中所含的辛酸:己酸的质量比为4:6~2:8的MCT。可列举将该MCT65~95质量份和构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为70质量%以上的油脂(例如菜籽油、葵花籽油)5~35质量份进行酯交换的方式。
制备本发明的油脂的又一优选实施方式为利用常规方法合成构成脂肪酸中所含的辛酸:己酸的质量比为4:6~2:8的MCT。另行对MCT 65~95质量份和构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为70质量%以上的油脂(例如菜籽油、葵花籽油)5~35质量份的混合油利用常规方法应用酯交换。而且可列举将65~95质量份的MCT和5~35质量份的酯交换油进行混合的方式。
本发明的油脂优选在5℃下24小时澄清,更优选在5℃下120小时澄清。在5℃下澄清是指:将加热至约80℃而使油脂结晶完全熔化的油脂50g采集到样品瓶中,冷却至20℃,之后,将其放入5℃±0.5℃的恒温槽中,进行经时观察,而没有混浊和结晶析出的状态。
本发明的油脂的构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量高,并且中链脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸含量也高。因此,即使出于中链脂肪酸的生理效果的目的而被高含量地使用在医药品、食品等中,在摄取时咽部、胃上部的刺激、胃不消化等不适感少。
本发明的油脂还是具有优异耐冷性的油脂。因此,尤其在使用于乳化物(食品)的情况下,即使在需要冷藏或开封后需要冷藏的乳化物(食品)中也不易引起乳化破坏,因此可以维持优异的品质。乳化物(食品)可列举例如饮料用液状增白剂、馅料、蛋黄酱、色拉调料、调味汁等。
实施例
接着,列举各例对本发明进行更详细的说明。但是,本发明并不限定于此。
<分析方法>
甘油三酯含量依据AOCS Ce5-86进行测定。
各脂肪酸含量依据AOCS Ce1f-96进行测定。
<原料油脂>
MCT1:日清奥利友株式会社制、商品名:MCT C10R(构成脂肪酸为正辛酸和正癸酸,其质量比为3:7)
MCT2:日清奥利友株式会社制、商品名:MCT ODO(构成脂肪酸为正辛酸和正癸酸,其质量比为75:25)
高油酸葵花籽油:昭和产业株式会社制、商品名:Olein Rich
酯交换油1:以甲醇钠作为催化剂使14质量份的MCT2和86质量份的菜籽油(日清奥利友株式会社制、商品名:キャノーラ油(Canola oil))的混合油反应得到的酯交换油(MLCT含量为46质量%)酯交换油2:以甲醇钠作为催化剂使90质量份的MCT1和10质量份的高油酸葵花籽油的混合油反应得到的酯交换油(MCT含量为80质量%、MLCT含量为20质量%)
酯交换油3:以甲醇钠作为催化剂使80质量份的MCT1和20质量份的高油酸葵花籽油的混合油反应得到的酯交换油(MCT含量为62质量%、MLCT含量为37质量%)
<油脂的制备及耐冷性试验>
根据表1及表2记载的配方,制备参考例1、比较例1及实施例1~8的油脂。将各油脂的脂肪酸、甘油三酯的分析结果归纳于表1及表2中。
另外,称取参考例1、比较例1及实施例1~8中制备的各个油脂至各50g样品瓶中,加热到80℃。之后,冷却至20℃,放入5℃±0.5℃的恒温槽中。在24小时后和120小时后观察其状态。将观察结果归纳于表1及表2中。
表1
*1◎:澄清 ○:略有混浊 △:有少量的结晶 ×:凝固
表2
*1◎:澄清 ○:略有混浊 △:有少量的结晶 ×:凝固
<馅料的制造>
根据表3的配方,分别使用参考例1、比较例1及实施例4的油脂按照常规方法制造参考例2、比较例2及实施例9的酱状的水包油型乳化物(馅料)。即,在均质混合机中投入糖醇液及淀粉、蛋白等的粉类,使其分散/溶解。之后,投入加温至85℃的油脂,通过搅拌使其乳化。将乳化物加温至80℃,边时时搅拌边使其在减压下(0.048MPa)得以保持。再在减压下(0.048MPa)进行冷却。
表3
<馅料的评价>
由对中链脂肪酸的刺激锐敏的4名评价者综合地评价了参考例2、比较例2及实施例9的各馅料在口中融化时的口感及对胃的负担感。将评价结果归纳于表4。
另外,将参考例2、比较例2及实施例9的各馅料在5℃的冰箱冷藏2周。之后,观察其状态。将观察结果归纳于表4中。
(馅料的评价基准)
在口中融化时的口感
对胃的负担感
没有对胃的负担感而良好 ◎
略感到对胃的负担感,但是不舒服感少 ○
感到强烈的对胃的负担感 ×
状态的观察
保持非常良好的乳化状态 ◎
保持良好的乳化状态 ○
乳化被破坏 ×
表4
进而,本发明的油脂可以为以下的第1~第6油脂。
上述第1油脂:一种油脂,其是三硅酸甘油酯的含量为30质量%以下的油脂,上述油脂的构成脂肪酸中的中链脂肪酸所占的含量为65~95质量%,上述中链脂肪酸中的正癸酸所占的含量为50质量%以上。
上述第2油脂:根据上述第1油脂,其中,上述油脂的构成脂肪酸中的不饱和脂肪酸所占的含量为3~35质量%。
上述第3油脂:根据上述第1或2的油脂,其包含30~93质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和3~70质量%的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MLCT)。
上述第4油脂:根据上述第1~3中任一项的油脂,其包含将混合油进行酯交换得到的油脂,所述混合油包含构成脂肪酸中的正癸酸所占的含量为50质量%以上的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)65~95质量%、和长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)5~35质量%。
上述第5油脂:根据上述1~3中任一项的油脂,其包含MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油5~35质量%、和构成脂肪酸中的正癸酸所占的含量为50质量%以上的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)65~95质量%。
上述第6油脂:根据上述1或2的油脂,其包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)。
进而,本发明的乳化物可以为包含上述1~6中任一项的油脂的乳化物。
进而,本发明的食品可以为包含上述1~6中任一项的油脂的食品。
进而,本发明的油脂的制造方法可以为一种上述第1油脂的制造方法,其包括将混合油进行酯交换的工序,所述混合油包含构成脂肪酸中所占的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)65~95质量%和长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(LCT)5~35质量%。
进而,本发明的油脂的制造方法可以为一种上述第1油脂的制造方法,其包括将构成脂肪酸中所占的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)65~95质量%、和MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油5~35质量%进行混合的工序。
Claims (10)
1.一种油脂,其中,三硅酸甘油酯的含量为30质量%以下,并且构成脂肪酸中所含的中链脂肪酸的含量为65~95质量%,所述中链脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油脂,其中,构成脂肪酸中所含的不饱和脂肪酸的含量为3~35质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的油脂,其包含30~93质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT和3~70质量%的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯MLCT。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的油脂,其包含通过将混合油进行酯交换而得到的油脂,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯LCT,且所述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的油脂,其包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT、和5~35质量%的MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油,所述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的油脂,其包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯LCT。
7.一种乳化物,其包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的油脂。
8.一种食品,其包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的油脂。
9.一种权利要求1所述的油脂的制造方法,其包括对混合油应用酯交换的工序,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT和5~35质量%的长链脂肪酸甘油三酯LCT,所述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
10.一种权利要求1所述的油脂的制造方法,其包括将混合油进行混合的工序,所述混合油包含65~95质量%的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯MCT、和5~35质量%的MCT及长链脂肪酸甘油三酯的酯交换油,所述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸中所含的正癸酸的含量为50质量%以上。
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