CN107195964A - 八氯丙基‑poss/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法 - Google Patents

八氯丙基‑poss/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107195964A
CN107195964A CN201710354962.0A CN201710354962A CN107195964A CN 107195964 A CN107195964 A CN 107195964A CN 201710354962 A CN201710354962 A CN 201710354962A CN 107195964 A CN107195964 A CN 107195964A
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spinning
chloropropyl
polyolefin
gel polymer
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马晓燕
刘依
杨凯淇
马敬玉
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种八氯丙基‑POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法,通过静电纺丝制备八氯丙基‑POSS(POSS‑(C3H6Cl)8)改性聚烯烃凝胶聚合物电解质的方法。其中,纺丝液组成是:八氯丙基‑POSS杂化材料为1~3份,聚合物基体为5~20份,溶剂为15~30份(质量分数)。配制纺丝溶液通过静电纺丝技术将纤维沉积在聚烯烃隔膜表面。本发明提出的静电纺丝制备的POSS改性凝胶电解质具有高的吸液率和孔隙率,并且POSS杂化材料可显著改善凝胶聚合物电解质的热、机械性能,从而提高锂离子电池的安全性。本发明的复合改性凝胶聚合物电解质能够满足作为锂离子电池电解质对离子电导率和机械性能的要求。

Description

八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备 方法
技术领域
本发明属于凝胶聚合物电解质制备技术领域,涉及一种八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法。
背景技术
随着各种便携式电子设备的推广普及,作为其关键部件之一的化学电源也受到了越来越多的关注。由于具有比镍氢、镉镍电池更高的工作电压、更大的容量以及无记忆效应等优点,锂离子电池(LIB)应用领域已经从各种便携式用电设备迅速扩大到混合动力(PHEV)和纯电动(EV)汽车中。但是,动力型LIB除了需要更高的电压、更大的功率以及更多的电量外,更需要关注安全性的问题。溶液浇铸法或相转换法制备的无机纳米粒子复合凝胶聚合物电解质由于其较好安全性而得到行业内的广泛关注,但是这种工艺制备的无机纳米粒子复合凝胶聚合物电解质中无机纳米粒子易团聚,分散性较差,进而会影响到电池的电化学性能,并且组装的电池还存在界面相容性差等问题。
静电纺丝方法制备凝胶聚合物电解质的方法简单高效,且由静电纺丝制得的聚合物纳米纤维的直径在几微米至几十纳米范围内,纤维膜具有完全互连的孔结构和高表面积的大孔隙率,进而具有较高的离子电导率,所以成为制备凝胶聚合物电解质的有效方法。静电纺丝凝胶聚合物电解质不但能解决液体电解质漏液、爆燃等安全问题,其中的聚合物还起着传导锂离子,阻隔电子传输、隔离正负极的双重作用。并且通过静电纺丝的方法可以将纳米粒子与聚合物通过溶液共混的方式相混合,在高电压纺丝的过程中使得纳米粒子分散的更均匀。但是目前静电纺丝凝胶聚合物电解质存在纺丝薄膜力学性能较差等问题,难以满足动力性LIB的装配要求。
笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)是一种新型的有机-无机杂化分子,以一个类似于SiO2的无机笼形内核为核心,该核具有高的热稳定性、抗氧化性和阻燃性等,硅顶点上共价键键合有机基团,为无机纳米粒子与有机材料提供良好的相容性,所以成为近年来纳米材料改性高分子材料热性能、力学性能的研究热点。近年来,POSS也被越来越多的用于太阳能、锂离子电池电池的电解质改性中。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
为了避免现有技术的不足之处,本发明提出一种八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法,改善锂离子电池的安全性与静电纺丝凝胶聚合物电解质的力学性能。
技术方案
一种八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质,其特征在于:在聚烯烃隔膜上通过静电纺丝制备八氯丙基POSS改性凝胶聚合物电解质,所述静电纺丝的纺丝液组份的质量分数为:八氯丙基POSS为1~3份,聚合物基体为4~20份,聚合物溶剂为15~30份。
所述聚烯烃隔膜为商业聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP或PP/PE/PP三层复合隔膜。
所述聚合物基体为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA、聚丙烯腈PAN或聚偏氟乙烯PVDF;以及上述两种或三种聚合物的任意质量比的共混物。
所述聚合物溶剂为丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺DMAc或者二甲基亚砜DMSO。
一种制备所述八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
步骤1:将聚合物基体溶于20~70℃的聚合物溶剂中并搅拌形成聚合物溶液,再加入八氯丙基POSS搅拌溶解得到纺丝液;
所述八氯丙基POSS和聚合物分别在于50~70℃真空烘箱中干燥12~24h;所述聚合物溶剂需要进行减压蒸馏或蒸馏,并加入分子筛静置12h以上;
步骤2:在聚烯烃隔膜上静电纺丝步骤1得到的纺丝液,制成POSS复合聚烯烃隔膜;所述静电纺丝的参数为:纺丝电压10~20KV,纺丝液注射速度为0.1~1.0mm/min,纺丝注射器针头距离纺丝接收装置距离为10~30cm,纺丝接收装置为滚筒接收,其转速为10~50m/h;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得POSS复合聚烯烃薄膜浸泡到1mol/L的LiPF6的碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合溶液中1~2h,得到八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质;所述混合溶液的比例为EC/DMC/DEC,1:1:1,V/V/V。
所述八氯丙基POSS的合成如下:以氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、无水甲醇和浓盐酸为原料,通过水解缩合法合成,原料配比为无水甲醇:氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷:浓盐酸=100:5~10:4。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质及制备方法,通过静电纺丝制备八氯丙基-POSS(POSS-(C3H6Cl)8)改性聚烯烃凝胶聚合物电解质的方法。其中,纺丝液组成是:八氯丙基-POSS杂化材料为1~3份,聚合物基体为5~20份,溶剂为15~30份(质量分数)。配制纺丝溶液通过静电纺丝技术将纤维沉积在聚烯烃隔膜表面。本发明提出的静电纺丝制备的POSS改性凝胶电解质具有高的吸液率和孔隙率,并且POSS杂化材料可显著改善凝胶聚合物电解质的热、机械性能,从而提高锂离子电池的安全性。本发明的复合改性凝胶聚合物电解质能够满足作为锂离子电池电解质对离子电导率和机械性能的要求。
附图说明
图1:沉积在商业聚烯烃隔膜表面的POSS改性纳米纤维的扫描电子显微镜图片(A-C对应实施案例1所得隔膜)其中:a、b、c的POSS含量分别为5%、10%、15%;
图2:POSS改性隔膜的机械性能(对应实施案例1所得隔膜)
图3:POSS改性隔膜的吸液率(对应实施案例1所得隔膜)
具体实施方式
现结合实施例、附图对本发明作进一步描述:
本发明设计利用分子内有机-无机杂化材料八氯丙基-POSS为改性剂,与凝胶聚合物基底PMMA、PVDF、PAN复合,并在商业聚烯烃隔膜如PP、PE上进行静电纺丝,制备基于聚烯烃隔膜的POSS改性静电纺丝凝胶聚合物电解质,从而得到电化学性能良好、安全性高的锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质体系。
实施实例1:
步骤1:通过水解缩合法合成POSS-(C3H6Cl)8,原料配比为无水甲醇:氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷:浓盐酸=100:5:4(体积比)。将POSS-(C3H6Cl)8和PVDF置于60℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,聚合物溶剂DMF进行减压蒸馏并加入分子筛静置12h以上;
步骤2:按照68:17:15质量比称取DMF、丙酮和PVDF于30℃水浴锅加热搅拌形成聚合物溶液,再按照PVDF质量的5%、10%、15%称取POSS-(C3H6Cl)8依次与上述聚合物溶液共混,加热搅拌至其溶解完全得到纺丝液;
步骤3:在商业PP上静电纺丝步骤2中的纺丝液得到纺丝薄膜,于40℃真空干燥箱内干燥24h得到POSS改性纤维薄膜。所述静电纺丝的参数为:纺丝电压为15kV,纺丝液注射速度为0.2mm/min,注射器针头距离纺丝接收装置15cm,纺丝接收装置为转速为15m/h滚筒;
步骤四:将步骤3中所得POSS复合薄膜浸泡到1mol/L锂盐溶液中1h,即可得到POSS改性凝胶聚合物电解质。
实施实例2:
步骤1:通过水解缩合法合成POSS-(C3H6Cl)8,原料配比为无水甲醇:氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷:浓盐酸=100:5:4(体积比)。将POSS-(C3H6Cl)8和PVDF置于60℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,聚合物溶剂DMF进行减压蒸馏并加入分子筛静置12h以上;
步骤2:按照68:17:10:5质量比称取DMF、丙酮和PVDF、PAN于30℃水浴锅加热搅拌形成聚合物溶液,再按照PVDF与PAN的质量和的5%、10%、15%称取POSS-(C3H6Cl)8依次与上述聚合物溶液共混,加热搅拌至其溶解完全得到纺丝液;
步骤3:在商业PP上静电纺丝步骤2中的纺丝液得到纺丝薄膜,于40℃真空干燥箱内干燥24h得到POSS改性纤维薄膜。所述静电纺丝的参数为:纺丝电压为15kV,纺丝液注射速度为0.2mm/min,注射器针头距离纺丝接收装置15cm,纺丝接收装置为转速为15m/h滚筒;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得POSS复合薄膜浸泡到1mol/L锂盐溶液中1h,即可得到POSS改性凝胶聚合物电解质。
实施实例3:
步骤1:通过水解缩合法合成POSS-(C3H6Cl)8,原料配比为无水甲醇:氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷:浓盐酸=100:5:4(体积比)。将POSS-(C3H6Cl)8和PVDF置于60℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,聚合物溶剂DMF进行减压蒸馏并加入分子筛静置12h以上;
步骤2:按照68:16:8:4:4质量比称取DMF、丙酮和PVDF、PMMA、PAN于30℃水浴锅加热搅拌形成聚合物溶液,再按照PVDF、PMMA与PAN的质量和的5%、10%、15%称取POSS-(C3H6Cl)8依次与上述聚合物溶液共混,加热搅拌至其溶解完全得到纺丝液;
步骤3:在商业PP上静电纺丝步骤2中的纺丝液得到纺丝薄膜,于40℃真空干燥箱内干燥24h得到POSS改性纤维薄膜。所述静电纺丝的参数为:纺丝电压为15kV,纺丝液注射速度为0.2mm/min,注射器针头距离纺丝接收装置15cm,纺丝接收装置为转速为15m/h滚筒;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得POSS复合薄膜浸泡到1mol/L锂盐溶液中1h,即可得到POSS改性凝胶聚合物电解质。

Claims (6)

1.一种八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质,其特征在于:在聚烯烃隔膜上通过静电纺丝制备八氯丙基POSS改性凝胶聚合物电解质,所述静电纺丝的纺丝液组份的质量分数为:八氯丙基POSS为1~3份,聚合物基体为4~20份,聚合物溶剂为15~30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质,其特征在于:所述聚烯烃隔膜为商业聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP或PP/PE/PP三层复合隔膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质,其特征在于:所述聚合物基体为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA、聚丙烯腈PAN或聚偏氟乙烯PVDF;以及上述两种或三种聚合物的任意质量比的共混物。
4.根据权利要求1所述八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质,其特征在于:所述聚合物溶剂为丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺DMAc或者二甲基亚砜DMSO。
5.一种制备权利要求1~4所述任一项八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
步骤1:将聚合物基体溶于20~70℃的聚合物溶剂中并搅拌形成聚合物溶液,再加入八氯丙基POSS搅拌溶解得到纺丝液;
所述八氯丙基POSS和聚合物分别在于50~70℃真空烘箱中干燥12~24h;所述聚合物溶剂需要进行减压蒸馏或蒸馏,并加入分子筛静置12h以上;
步骤2:在聚烯烃隔膜上静电纺丝步骤1得到的纺丝液,制成POSS复合聚烯烃隔膜;所述静电纺丝的参数为:纺丝电压10~20KV,纺丝液注射速度为0.1~1.0mm/min,纺丝注射器针头距离纺丝接收装置距离为10~30cm,纺丝接收装置为滚筒接收,其转速为10~50m/h;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得POSS复合聚烯烃薄膜浸泡到1mol/L的LiPF6的碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合溶液中1~2h,得到八氯丙基-POSS/聚烯烃纺丝纤维凝胶聚合物电解质;所述混合溶液的比例为EC/DMC/DEC,1:1:1,V/V/V。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:所述八氯丙基POSS的合成如下:以氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、无水甲醇和浓盐酸为原料,通过水解缩合法合成,原料配比为无水甲醇:氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷:浓盐酸=100:5~10:4。
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